Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-05-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90052-4
K. Kutics, L. Kotsis, J. Argyelán, P. Szolcsányi
{"title":"Study of the adsorption characterictics and pore structure of activated carbons","authors":"K. Kutics, L. Kotsis, J. Argyelán, P. Szolcsányi","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90052-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90052-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Charcoal prepared by heating walnut shells at 500 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere was activated by CO<sub>2</sub> at various temperatures. The adsorption equilibrium and mass transfer characteristics of the activated carbon were studied. The structural properties were determined by means of additional measurements. A pore model is proposed to explain the variation of the pore structure with the activation process. The micropore sizes predicted by the model agree with the adsorption data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90052-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80592122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-05-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90051-2
M.M.Abou Sekkina, M.M.A. Goda, M. Rashad, S.B. Hanna
{"title":"Monostructural and spectral investigations of the mechanism of surface layer formation during the oxidation of hot-pressed Si3N4 in air at high temperatures","authors":"M.M.Abou Sekkina, M.M.A. Goda, M. Rashad, S.B. Hanna","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90051-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90051-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hot-pressed silicon nitride specimens containing magnesia additives were prepared and oxidized in air at high temperatures. The oxidized specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The electronic and IR absorption spectra were measured. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated a decrease in the grain size with increasing intergranular area. The grain boundaries become sharper with increasing oxidation temperature and magnesia content. The sharpness of the grain boundaries is due to high temperature thermal etching effects. Electronic and IR absorption spectra revealed band broadening, a slight shift towards longer wavelength and the appearance of new bands as a function of MgO content and firing temperature. In conformity with all the present data, this could also be correlated with the decreased degree of crystallinity, the enlargement of the intergranular areas and the formation and propagation of oxidation products. In the oxidation mechanism additive and impurity cations diffuse outwards from the glassy phase in the bulk Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> through the oxide film. The driving force is the formation of a reaction couple between the surface silica and the phase containing bulk magnesia and impurities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90051-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77337512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-05-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90049-4
M.J. Joshi, B. Shah
{"title":"Change in the etch pit morphology of bismuth with temperature","authors":"M.J. Joshi, B. Shah","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90049-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90049-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of temperature on the etch pit morphology of the (111) cleavage planes of bismuth single crystals are described. A chemical etchant which revealed the emergent ends of dislocations was used. The shape of the dislocation etch pits changes from the characteristic triangular shape at room temperature to a hexagonal shape as the etching temperature is increased to 60 °C. This change in etch pit morphology is explained in terms of the removal of atoms from steps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 65-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90049-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85036303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-05-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90043-3
C.C. Nee, R. Weil
{"title":"The banded structure of Ni-P electrodeposits","authors":"C.C. Nee, R. Weil","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90043-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90043-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The banded structure observed in metallographically polished and etched cross sections of Ni-P electrodeposits consisting of alternate dark and light layers parallel to the surface was investigated. The dark bands were attributed to a galvanic attack by the etchant at locations where the phosphorus content of the deposit changed relatively abruptly with thickness. A mechanism for the development of the compositional changes is proposed. Pulsed plating was found to eliminate the banded structure, but had little effect on the fracture strength and ductility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90043-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90187096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-04-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90053-6
Y.N. Sadana, J.P. Singh, R. Kumar
{"title":"Electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys— A review","authors":"Y.N. Sadana, J.P. Singh, R. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90053-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90053-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A review of the literature on the electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys is presented. Literature up to the end of 1983 has been surveyed. The compositions of electrolytic baths and plating conditions are reported in some detail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 319-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90053-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73529283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-04-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90057-3
Fabrizio Zucchi , Ibrahim Hashi Omar
{"title":"Plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in HCl solutions","authors":"Fabrizio Zucchi , Ibrahim Hashi Omar","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90057-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90057-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of various plant extracts on the dissolution of mild steel in HCl solutions were studied. The additives investigated were <em>Papaia, Poinciana pulcherrima, Cassia occidentalis</em> and <em>Datura stramonium</em> seeds and <em>Papaia, Calotropis procera B, Azydracta indica</em> and <em>Auforpio turkiale</em> sap. Weight-loss determinations and electrochemical measurements were performed. It was found that all extracts except those of <em>Auforpio turkiale</em> and <em>Azydracta indica</em> reduced the corrosion of steel with an efficiency of 88%–96% in 1 N HCl and with a slightly lower efficiency in 2 N HCl. Both the cathodic evolution of hydrogen and the anodic dissolution of steel are inhibited. We believe that the inhibition action is mostly due to the products of the hydrolysis of the protein content of these plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 391-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90057-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83898445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-04-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90054-8
F.A. Lewis, S.G. McKee
{"title":"Structures of hydrided palladium at interfaces: Evidence of subsurface quasi-β(α') phase hydride formation at very low hydrogen chemical potentials at 25 °C","authors":"F.A. Lewis, S.G. McKee","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90054-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90054-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies at 25 °C of changes of the electrode potential of palladium electrodes coated with palladium black during hydrogen absorption at low rates have revealed a feature which appears to be related to other evidence of subsurface absorption of hydrogen by palladium at much lower hydrogen potentials than the main region of α→β phase transition in the Pd-H system. Implications of these findings are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 355-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90054-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88104951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-04-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90055-X
B. Nciri , L. Vandenbulcke
{"title":"Étude de la diffusion dans un système multiphasé appliqué à l'aluminisation du fer et des aciers","authors":"B. Nciri , L. Vandenbulcke","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90055-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90055-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diffusion coatings of aluminium on iron and steels were obtained by an aluminization pack-cementation process, principally at 900 °C. A mathematical analysis of diffusion during aluminization allows the calculation of the concentration profiles in the coatings and of the incorporation rates of aluminium to be made. Analytical solutions are employed for the one-, two- and three-phase, semi-infinite planar diffusion problem. The theoretical and experimental results on pure iron are in good agreement; the theoretical predictions can be extended to 13% and 17% Cr steels, to a first approximation. On 24% Cr steel the diffusion rate is very low and the coatings obtained on austenitic stainless steel exhibit a diffusion barrier of nickel.</p><p>The aluminium surface concentration, the incorporation rate and concentration profiles can be controlled by changing the aluminium activity in the pack.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 365-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90055-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88226095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-04-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90056-1
B.A. Abd-El-Nabey, N. Khalil, A. Mohamed
{"title":"Inhibition by amino acids of the corrosion of steel in acid","authors":"B.A. Abd-El-Nabey, N. Khalil, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90056-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90056-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical measurements and corrosion tests were performed at room temperature using mild steel specimens immersed in 1 N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution in the presence and absence of cysteine, cystine and methionine. Inhibition by the three amino acids increased with increasing additive concentration. More than 60% inhibition was achieved with an amino acid concentration as low as 10<sup>-3</sup> M. Polarization curves indicated that these amino acids act as mixed-type inhibitors, <em>i.e.</em> both the cathodic and anodic curves were affected. Adsorption of the amino acids on the steel occurs in two steps: a monolayer of the adsorbate is formed on the metal surface, and this is followed by the deposition of a second adsorbate layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 383-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90056-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75730849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface TechnologyPub Date : 1985-03-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90074-3
S.S. Abd El Rehim, M.Sh. Shalaby, S.M. Abd El Haleem
{"title":"Effect of some anions on the anodic dissolution of Delta-52 steel in sulphuric acid solutions","authors":"S.S. Abd El Rehim, M.Sh. Shalaby, S.M. Abd El Haleem","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90074-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90074-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anodic dissolution of hot-rolled Delta-52 steel (an Egyptian product) was studied potentiodynamically in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions of various concentrations. The rate of dissolution increases with increasing acid concentration. The effects of the addition of Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup> and I<sup>-</sup> anions on the dissolution kinetics of the electrode in 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> were investigated. The data reveal that the Cl<sup>-</sup> ion participates in the anodic dissolution while both the Br<sup>-</sup> and I<sup>-</sup> ions decrease the steel dissolution reaction.</p><p>The addition of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> anions to the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution inhibits the anodic reaction of steel dissolution. The dissolution current density <em>j</em> in the Tafel region varied with the concentration <em>C</em><sub>inh</sub> of the added anions according to the relation. log <em>j</em>=<em>a</em>−<em>b</em><em>log</em><em>C</em><sub><em>inh</em></sub> where <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> are constants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"24 3","pages":"Pages 241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90074-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73916304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}