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Electrophotographic properties of Michlers ketone-polymer double-layer systems Michlers酮-聚合物双层体系的电照相性能
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90029-9
P.K.C. Pillai, Niloufer Shroff, A.K. Tripathi
{"title":"Electrophotographic properties of Michlers ketone-polymer double-layer systems","authors":"P.K.C. Pillai,&nbsp;Niloufer Shroff,&nbsp;A.K. Tripathi","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90029-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90029-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solution-sprayed cured layers of Michlers ketone were overcoated with various polymers to enhance their charge acceptance. It is found that an overlayer of poly(vinyl butyral) gives the best electrophotographic characteristics, showing a maximum charge acceptance of 825 V and a contrast potential of 540 V.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90029-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86485196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence of the continuous mechanical renewal of the electrode surface on the effective activation energy of copper deposition on a copper cathode in the Tafel potential region 电极表面连续机械更新对铜阴极上Tafel电位区铜沉积有效活化能的影响
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90026-3
C.I. Noninski, L.P. Veleva, V.C. Noninski
{"title":"Influence of the continuous mechanical renewal of the electrode surface on the effective activation energy of copper deposition on a copper cathode in the Tafel potential region","authors":"C.I. Noninski,&nbsp;L.P. Veleva,&nbsp;V.C. Noninski","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90026-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90026-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of the continuous mechanical renewal of the electrode surface on the effective activation energy of copper deposition on a copper cathode in the Tafel potential region was studied using a self-cleaning rotating electrode. The effective activation energy decreased by about 5 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup> when the cathode was continuously mechanically renewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90026-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Experimental investigation of mass transport in pulse plating 脉冲镀中质量输运的实验研究
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90022-6
M. Datta, D. Landolt
{"title":"Experimental investigation of mass transport in pulse plating","authors":"M. Datta,&nbsp;D. Landolt","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90022-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90022-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mass transport during the electrodeposition of copper from acidified sulphate solution using single and multiple pulses was studied. Experimental results obtained in a diffusion cell and with a rotating hemispherical electrode are compared with published theoretical calculations of various degrees of mathematical sophistication and complexity. The simple duplex diffusion-layer model proposed by Ibl gives adequate values of the pulse limiting current density for many practical purposes. The agreement with experiment can be further improved by using a semi-empirical modification of the model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90022-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
A Study of the influence of pH on the corrosion rate of aluminium pH值对铝腐蚀速率影响的研究
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90047-0
V. Vujičić, B. Lovreček
{"title":"A Study of the influence of pH on the corrosion rate of aluminium","authors":"V. Vujičić,&nbsp;B. Lovreček","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90047-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90047-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extensive investigations of the aluminium electrolyte interface were undertaken in order to check the pH dependence of the corrosion rate aluminium, <em>i.e.</em> the pH value at which the rate of aluminium corrosion is lowest. Part of this research which deals with measurements of the loss of mass and polarization resistance as functions of pH is presented in this paper. The measurements were performed over a broad range of pH in the presence and absence of ethylenediamine inhibitor. The results are shown as plots of log(1/<em>R</em><sub>p</sub>) and log Δ<em>m</em> against the pH. Two straight lines of opposite slope were obtained for each method of investigation and each system investigated. The intercepts obtained by extrapolating the straight lines, which represent minima of 1/<em>R</em><sub>p</sub> and mass loss, indicate the corresponding pH values. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the interaction of water dipoles with the oxide film during the corrosion process. The change in the surface charge of the corroding aluminium as the pH is altered plays an important role in the corrosion process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90047-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73589561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Nucleation control and growth kinetics of ammonium hydrogen tartrate single crystals in silica gels 酒石酸氢铵单晶在硅胶中的成核控制及生长动力学
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90050-0
C.C. Desai, A.N. Hanchinal
{"title":"Nucleation control and growth kinetics of ammonium hydrogen tartrate single crystals in silica gels","authors":"C.C. Desai,&nbsp;A.N. Hanchinal","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90050-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90050-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A detailed study of the variation in the nucleation density and growth of ammonium hydrogen tartrate (AHT) single crystals as a function of the concentration of the feed solution, the gel density, the gel pH, the gel aging time and the temperature is presented. Whereas opaque crystals were produced from high density high pH gels, good quality transparent single crystals were obtained in low density low pH gels. The use of intermediate neutral gel column and gel aging times considerably reduces the number of nucleation sites. The nucleation density decreases as the temperature increases. A simple procedure to control nucleation sites in gels was adopted and resulted in a dramatic increase in the size of the crystals. Kinetics studies of the nucleation and growth of AHT needle crystals showed that these crystals grow by a one-dimensional diffusion-controlled reaction between ammonium chloride and tartaric acid. The implications of this behaviour are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90050-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88543399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The use of the Nb-Nb2O5 electrode as an indicator electrode in potentiometric acid-base titrations in fused KNO3 Nb-Nb2O5电极作为指示电极在熔融KNO3酸碱电位滴定中的应用
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90045-7
A. Baraka, A. Abdel-Razik, A.I. Abdel-Rohman
{"title":"The use of the Nb-Nb2O5 electrode as an indicator electrode in potentiometric acid-base titrations in fused KNO3","authors":"A. Baraka,&nbsp;A. Abdel-Razik,&nbsp;A.I. Abdel-Rohman","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90045-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90045-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An Nb-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> electrode was prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of niobium in molten KNO<sub>3</sub>. This electrode can be used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric acid-base titrations. It behaves reversibly and responds theoretically to the oxide ion concentration in molten KNO<sub>3</sub>. Its potential varies linearly with ln[O<sup>2-</sup>] and the line has a slope of 68 mV at 350 °C. The standard potential of the Nb-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, O<sup>2-</sup> electrode, <em>i.e.</em> the potential at [O<sup>2-</sup>] = 1, is computed as -810 mV with respect to the Ag-Ag<sup>+</sup> reference electrode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90045-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81196069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
An electron microscopy study of the initial stages of dendrite formation in electrodeposited zinc 电沉积锌中枝晶形成初期的电镜研究
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90042-1
Ingon Kim, Rolf Weil
{"title":"An electron microscopy study of the initial stages of dendrite formation in electrodeposited zinc","authors":"Ingon Kim,&nbsp;Rolf Weil","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90042-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90042-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The beginnings of dendrite formation in electrodeposited zinc were investigated by electron microscopy. Numerous dendritically shaped crystallites were already present in the very early stages of deposition. They had definite crystallographic characteristics. Only a few of these crystallites developed into optically visible dendrites. High local current densities favored the development of fewer, but larger, dendrites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90042-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80620455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Electrodeposition of alloys XV: Electrodeposition and x-ray structure of Bi-In alloys 合金的电沉积XV: Bi-In合金的电沉积和x射线结构
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90044-5
Y.N. Sadana, Z.Z. Wang
{"title":"Electrodeposition of alloys XV: Electrodeposition and x-ray structure of Bi-In alloys","authors":"Y.N. Sadana,&nbsp;Z.Z. Wang","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90044-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90044-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bi-In alloys containing up to 90% In were electrodeposited from aqueous solutions containing the diethylenetriaminepentaacetate ion as the complexing agent. An increase in the current density and the indium content of the bath decreased the percentage of bismuth in the deposit. The current efficiency decreased with increasing current density but was not significantly affected by a change in the indium content of the bath. Deposits containing 63%–89% In were of good visual quality and offer promise as a decorative finish. The X-ray phase structure of the deposited alloys is reported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90044-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88211840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Non-dislocation thermal etch pits on calcite cleavages 方解石解理上的无位错热蚀坑
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90048-2
A.J. Shah, J.R. Pandya
{"title":"Non-dislocation thermal etch pits on calcite cleavages","authors":"A.J. Shah,&nbsp;J.R. Pandya","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90048-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90048-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal etch pits with rhombic outlines on the cleavage surfaces of natural calcite crystals are observed in a narrow range of etching temperature between 540 and 625 °C in air. The thermal etch rates <em>V</em><sub>t</sub> and <em>V</em><sub>s</sub> of the tangential dissolution of ledges and the surface dissolution respectively were determined in the above temperature range. The activation energies <em>E</em><sub>t th</sub> and <em>E</em><sub>s th</sub> of tangential thermal dissolution and surface thermal dissolution respectively are calculated and are compared with those of controlled chemical dissolution initiated to produce dislocation etch pits on calcite cleavages. A quantitative study of the activation energies suggests that the thermal etch pits on calcite cleavage faces originate at dislocation-free sites such as kinks, steps and/or impurity centres.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90048-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86021397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benzotriazole as a corrosion inhibitor for brass 苯并三唑作为黄铜的缓蚀剂
Surface Technology Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-4583(85)90046-9
S.H. Sanad, H. Abbas, A.A. Ismail, K.M. El-Sobki
{"title":"Benzotriazole as a corrosion inhibitor for brass","authors":"S.H. Sanad,&nbsp;H. Abbas,&nbsp;A.A. Ismail,&nbsp;K.M. El-Sobki","doi":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90046-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-4583(85)90046-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of benzotriazole (BTA) on the corrosion of brass in 0.1 N HCl, 0.1 N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 0.1 N NH<sub>4</sub>Cl was studied by means of immersion tests and galvanostatic measurements. BTA showed a good inhibition effect in some corrosive media. The percentage inhibition in 0.1 N HCl solution was found to increase with increasing BTA concentration. In contrast, the percentage inhibition in 0.1 N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was inversely proportional to the BTA concentration. The highest inhibition efficiency was obtained in 0.1 N NH<sub>4</sub>Cl. The role of BTA as an inhibitor for brass was explained in terms of the chemisorption of BTA molecules at some active sites on brass surfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22037,"journal":{"name":"Surface Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90046-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74370735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
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