Studies in Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae","authors":"X.W. Wang , F.Y. Yang , M. Meijer , B. Kraak , B.D. Sun , Y.L. Jiang , Y.M. Wu , F.Y. Bai , K.A. Seifert , P.W. Crous , R.A. Samson , J. Houbraken","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The traditional concept of the genus <em>Humicola</em> includes species that produce pigmented, thick-walled and single-celled spores laterally or terminally on hyphae or minimally differentiated conidiophores. More than 50 species have been described in the genus. Species commonly occur in soil, indoor environments, and compost habitats. The taxonomy of <em>Humicola</em> and morphologically similar genera is poorly understood in modern terms. Based on a four-locus phylogeny, the morphological concept of <em>Humicola</em> proved to be polyphyletic. The type of <em>Humicola</em>, <em>H. fuscoatra</em>, belongs to the <em>Chaetomiaceae</em>. In the <em>Chaetomiaceae</em>, species producing humicola-like thick-walled spores are distributed among four lineages: <em>Humicola sensu stricto</em>, <em>Mycothermus</em>, <em>Staphylotrichum,</em> and <em>Trichocladium</em>. In our revised concept of <em>Humicola</em>, asexual and sexually reproducing species both occur. The re-defined <em>Humicola</em> contains 24 species (seven new and thirteen new combinations), which are described and illustrated in this study. The species in this genus produce conidia that are lateral, intercalary or terminal on/in hyphae, and conidiophores are not formed or are minimally developed (micronematous). The ascospores of sexual <em>Humicola</em> species are limoniform to quadrangular in face view and bilaterally flattened with one apical germ pore. Seven species are accepted in <em>Staphylotrichum</em> (four new species, one new combination). Thick-walled conidia of <em>Staphylotrichum</em> species usually arise either from hyphae (micronematous) or from apically branched, seta-like conidiophores (macronematous). The sexual morph represented by <em>Staphylotrichum longicolleum</em> (= <em>Chaetomium longicolleum</em>) produces ascomata with long necks composed of a fused basal part of the terminal hairs, and ascospores that are broad limoniform to nearly globose, bilaterally flattened, with an apical germ pore. The <em>Trichocladium</em> lineage has a high morphological diversity in both asexual and sexual structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four subclades in this lineage. However, these subclades are genetically closely related, and no distinctive phenotypic characters are linked to any of them. Fourteen species are accepted in <em>Trichocladium,</em> including one new species, twelve new combinations. The type species of <em>Gilmaniella</em>, <em>G. humicola</em>, belongs to the polyphyletic family <em>Lasiosphaeriaceae</em> (<em>Sordariales</em>), but <em>G. macrospora</em> phylogenetically belongs to <em>Trichocladium</em>. The thermophilic genus <em>Mycothermus</em> and the type species <em>My. thermophilum</em> are validated, and one new <em>Mycothermus</em> species is described. Phylogenetic analyses show that <em>Remersonia</em>, another thermophilic genus, is sister to <em>Mycothermus</em> and two species are known, including one new species. <em>The","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 65-153"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36487722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae","authors":"X.W. Wang , F.Y. Bai , K. Bensch , M. Meijer , B.D. Sun , Y.F. Han , P.W. Crous , R.A. Samson , F.Y. Yang , J. Houbraken","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Thielavia</em> is morphologically defined by having non-ostiolate ascomata with a thin peridium composed of <em>textura epidermoidea</em>, and smooth, single-celled, pigmented ascospores with one germ pore. <em>Thielavia</em> is typified with <em>Th. basicola</em> that grows in close association with a hyphomycete which was traditionally identified as <em>Thielaviopsis basicola</em>. Besides <em>Th. basicola</em> exhibiting the mycoparasitic nature, the majority of the described <em>Thielavia</em> species are from soil, and some have economic and ecological importance. Unfortunately, no living type material of <em>Th. basicola</em> exists, hindering a proper understanding of the classification of <em>Thielavia</em>. Therefore, <em>Thielavia basicola</em> was neotypified by material of a mycoparasite presenting the same ecology and morphology as described in the original description. We subsequently performed a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (<em>rpb2</em>, <em>tub2</em>, ITS and LSU) to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species currently recognised in <em>Thielavia</em>. Our results demonstrate that <em>Thielavia</em> is highly polyphyletic, being related to three family-level lineages in two orders. The redefined genus <em>Thielavia</em> is restricted to its type species, <em>Th. basicola</em>, which belongs to the <em>Ceratostomataceae</em> (<em>Melanosporales</em>) and its host is demonstrated to be <em>Berkeleyomyces rouxiae</em>, one of the two species in the “<em>Thielaviopsis basicola</em>” species complex. The new family <em>Podosporaceae</em> is sister to the <em>Chaetomiaceae</em> in the <em>Sordariales</em> and accommodates the re-defined genera <em>Podospora</em>, <em>Trangularia</em> and <em>Cladorrhinum</em>, with the last genus including two former <em>Thielavia</em> species (<em>Th. hyalocarpa</em> and <em>Th. intermedia</em>). This family also includes the genetic model species <em>Podospora anserina</em>, which was combined in <em>Triangularia</em> (as <em>Triangularia anserina</em>). The remaining <em>Thielavia</em> species fall in ten unrelated clades in the <em>Chaetomiaceae</em>, leading to the proposal of nine new genera (<em>Carteria</em>, <em>Chrysanthotrichum</em>, <em>Condenascus</em>, <em>Hyalosphaerella</em>, <em>Microthielavia</em>, <em>Parathielavia</em>, <em>Pseudothielavia</em>, <em>Stolonocarpus</em> and <em>Thermothielavioides</em>). The genus <em>Canariomyces</em> is transferred from <em>Microascaceae</em> (<em>Microascales</em>) to <em>Chaetomiaceae</em> based on its type species <em>Can. notabilis</em>. <em>Canariomyces</em> is closely related to the human-pathogenic genus <em>Madurella</em>, and includes three thielavia-like species and one novel species. Three monotypic genera with a chaetomium-like morph (<em>Brachychaeta, Chrysocorona</em> and <em>Floropilus</em>) are introduced to better resolve the <em>Chaetomiaceae</em> and the thielavia-like species in the family. <","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 155-252"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37447110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 2","authors":"Y. Marin-Felix ,&nbsp;M. Hernández-Restrepo ,&nbsp;M.J. Wingfield ,&nbsp;A. Akulov ,&nbsp;A.J. Carnegie ,&nbsp;R. Cheewangkoon ,&nbsp;D. Gramaje ,&nbsp;J.Z. Groenewald ,&nbsp;V. Guarnaccia ,&nbsp;F. Halleen ,&nbsp;L. Lombard ,&nbsp;J. Luangsa-ard ,&nbsp;S. Marincowitz ,&nbsp;A. Moslemi ,&nbsp;L. Mostert ,&nbsp;W. Quaedvlieg ,&nbsp;R.K. Schumacher ,&nbsp;C.F.J. Spies ,&nbsp;R. Thangavel ,&nbsp;P.W.J. Taylor ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information regarding the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera. In addition, primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species are included. This second paper in the GOPHY series treats 20 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: <em>Allantophomopsiella, Apoharknessia, Cylindrocladiella, Diaporthe, Dichotomophthora, Gaeumannomyces, Harknessia, Huntiella, Macgarvieomyces, Metulocladosporiella, Microdochium, Oculimacula, Paraphoma, Phaeoacremonium, Phyllosticta, Proxypiricularia, Pyricularia, Stenocarpella</em>, <em>Utrechtiana</em> and <em>Wojnowiciella</em>. This study includes the new genus <em>Pyriculariomyces</em>, 20 new species, five new combinations, and six typifications for older names.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 47-133"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36305025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Plectosphaerellaceae","authors":"A. Giraldo ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The family <em>Plectosphaerellaceae</em> (<em>Glomerellales</em>, <em>Sordariomycetes</em>) includes numerous plant pathogenic genera and soil-borne fungal species. Ten genera are currently accepted, including several taxa that occupy an unresolved position within the family. To address this issue, a multilocus sequence analysis was carried out using partial gene sequences from the 28S large subunit nrRNA gene (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nrDNA region, including the 5.8S nrRNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<em>TEF1-α</em>), tryptophan synthase (<em>TS</em>), actin (<em>ACT</em>) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<em>RPB2</em>), based on a large set of isolates mainly from the CBS collection. Results of the molecular data combined with a detailed morphological study resolved 22 genera in the family, of which 12 are newly described. Additionally, 15 new species and 10 new combinations are proposed. An epitype and neotype are also introduced for <em>Stachylidium bicolor</em> and <em>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</em>, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 227-286"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36753761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in the Indonesian centre of origin","authors":"N. Maryani ,&nbsp;L. Lombard ,&nbsp;Y.S. Poerba ,&nbsp;S. Subandiyah ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous ,&nbsp;G.H.J. Kema","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cubense</em> (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt or Panama disease on banana, is one of the major constraints in banana production worldwide. Indonesia is the centre of origin for wild and cultivated bananas, which likely co-evolved with Foc. This study explored the widest possible genetic diversity of Foc by sampling across Indonesia at 34 geographically and environmentally different locations in 15 provinces at six islands. This resulted in a comprehensive collection of ∼200 isolates from 40 different local banana varieties. Isolates were identified and assessed using sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor-1alpha (<em>tef1</em>), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (<em>rpb1</em>), and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<em>rpb2</em>). Phylogenetic analyses of these genes allowed the identification of 180 isolates of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cubense</em> (Foc), and 20 isolates of the <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> species complex (FFSC), the <em>Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti</em> species complex (FIESC), and the <em>Fusarium sambucinum</em> species complex (FSSC). Further analyses, incorporating a worldwide collection of Foc strains, revealed nine independent genetic lineages for Foc, and one novel clade in the <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> species complex (FOSC). Selected isolates from each lineage were tested on the banana varieties Gros Michel and Cavendish to characterise their pathogenicity profiles. More than 65 % of the isolates were diagnosed as Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4) due to their pathogenicity to Cavendish banana, which supports the hypothesis that Foc-TR4 is of Indonesian origin. Nine independent genetic lineages for Foc are formally described in this study. This biodiversity has not been studied since the initial description of Foc in 1919. This study provides a detailed overview of the complexity of Fusarium wilt on banana and its diversity and distribution across Indonesia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 155-194"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36408213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation","authors":"D. Vu ,&nbsp;M. Groenewald ,&nbsp;M. de Vries ,&nbsp;T. Gehrmann ,&nbsp;B. Stielow ,&nbsp;U. Eberhardt ,&nbsp;A. Al-Hatmi ,&nbsp;J.Z. Groenewald ,&nbsp;G. Cardinali ,&nbsp;J. Houbraken ,&nbsp;T. Boekhout ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous ,&nbsp;V. Robert ,&nbsp;G.J.M. Verkley","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species identification lies at the heart of biodiversity studies that has in recent years favoured DNA-based approaches. Microbial Biological Resource Centres are a rich source for diverse and high-quality reference materials in microbiology, and yet the strains preserved in these biobanks have been exploited only on a limited scale to generate DNA barcodes. As part of a project funded in the Netherlands to barcode specimens of major national biobanks, sequences of two nuclear ribosomal genetic markers, the Internal Transcribed Spaces and 5.8S gene (ITS) and the D1/D2 domain of the 26S Large Subunit (LSU), were generated as DNA barcode data for ca. 100 000 fungal strains originally assigned to ca. 17 000 species in the CBS fungal biobank maintained at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht. Using more than 24 000 DNA barcode sequences of 12 000 ex-type and manually validated filamentous fungal strains of 7 300 accepted species, the optimal identity thresholds to discriminate filamentous fungal species were predicted as 99.6 % for ITS and 99.8 % for LSU. We showed that 17 % and 18 % of the species could not be discriminated by the ITS and LSU genetic markers, respectively. Among them, ∼8 % were indistinguishable using both genetic markers. ITS has been shown to outperform LSU in filamentous fungal species discrimination with a probability of correct identification of 82 % vs. 77.6 %, and a clustering quality value of 84 % vs. 77.7 %. At higher taxonomic classifications, LSU has been shown to have a better discriminatory power than ITS. With a clustering quality value of 80 %, LSU outperformed ITS in identifying filamentous fungi at the ordinal level. At the generic level, the clustering quality values produced by both genetic markers were low, indicating the necessity for taxonomic revisions at genus level and, likely, for applying more conserved genetic markers or even whole genomes. The taxonomic thresholds predicted for filamentous fungal identification at the genus, family, order and class levels were 94.3 %, 88.5 %, 81.2 % and 80.9 % based on ITS barcodes, and 98.2 %, 96.2 %, 94.7 % and 92.7 % based on LSU barcodes. The DNA barcodes used in this study have been deposited to GenBank and will also be publicly available at the Westerdijk Institute's website as reference sequences for fungal identification, marking an unprecedented data release event in global fungal barcoding efforts to date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 135-154"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36268834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The root-symbiotic Rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate and Hyaloscypha (Leotiomycetes) are congeneric: Phylogenetic and experimental evidence","authors":"J. Fehrer ,&nbsp;M. Réblová ,&nbsp;V. Bambasová ,&nbsp;M. Vohník","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Data mining for a phylogenetic study including the prominent ericoid mycorrhizal fungus <em>Rhizoscyphus ericae</em> revealed nearly identical ITS sequences of the bryophilous <em>Hyaloscypha hepaticicola</em> suggesting they are conspecific. Additional genetic markers and a broader taxonomic sampling furthermore suggested that the sexual <em>Hyaloscypha</em> and the asexual <em>Meliniomyces</em> may be congeneric. In order to further elucidate these issues, type strains of all species traditionally treated as members of the <em>Rhizoscyphus ericae</em> aggregate (REA) and related taxa were subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, and <em>rpb</em>2 markers to produce comparable datasets while an <em>in vitro</em> re-synthesis experiment was conducted to examine the root-symbiotic potential of <em>H. hepaticicola</em> in the <em>Ericaceae</em>. Phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that sterile root-associated <em>Meliniomyces</em>, sexual <em>Hyaloscypha</em> and <em>Rhizoscyphus</em>, based on <em>R. ericae</em>, are indeed congeneric. To this monophylum also belongs the phialidic dematiaceous hyphomycetes <em>Cadophora finlandica</em> and <em>Chloridium paucisporum</em>. We provide a taxonomic revision of the REA; <em>Meliniomyces</em> and <em>Rhizoscyphus</em> are reduced to synonymy under <em>Hyaloscypha</em>. <em>Pseudaegerita</em>, typified by <em>P. corticalis</em>, an asexual morph of <em>H. spiralis</em> which is a core member of <em>Hyaloscypha</em>, is also transferred to the synonymy of the latter genus. <em>Hyaloscypha melinii</em> is introduced as a new root-symbiotic species from Central Europe. <em>Cadophora finlandica</em> and <em>C. paucisporum</em> are confirmed conspecific, and four new combinations in <em>Hyaloscypha</em> are proposed. Based on phylogenetic analyses, some sexually reproducing species can be attributed to their asexual counterparts for the first time whereas the majority is so far known only in the sexual or asexual state. <em>Hyaloscypha bicolor</em> sporulating <em>in vitro</em> is reported for the first time. Surprisingly, the mycological and mycorrhizal sides of the same coin have never been formally associated, mainly because the sexual and asexual morphs of these fungi have been studied in isolation by different research communities. Evaluating all these aspects allowed us to stabilize the taxonomy of a widespread and ecologically well-studied group of root-associated fungi and to link their various life-styles including saprobes, bryophilous fungi, root endophytes as well as fungi forming ericoid mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 195-225"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37593250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes","authors":"U. Damm ,&nbsp;T. Sato ,&nbsp;A. Alizadeh ,&nbsp;J.Z. Groenewald ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although <em>Glomerella glycines</em>, <em>Colletotrichum magnum</em> and <em>C. orchidearum</em> are known as causal agents of anthracnose of soybean, <em>Cucurbitaceae</em> and <em>Orchidaceae</em>, respectively, their taxonomy remains unresolved. In preliminary analyses based on ITS, strains of these species appear basal in <em>Colletotrichum</em> phylogenies, clustering close to <em>C. cliviae</em>, <em>C. brevisporum</em> and other recently described species from tropical or subtropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, <em>GAPDH</em>, <em>CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2</em>) of 102 strains previously identified as <em>Ga. glycines</em>, <em>C. magnum</em> and <em>C. orchidearum</em> as well as other related strains from different culture collections and studies placed these taxa in three species complexes, and distinguished at least 24 species, including 11 new species. In this study, <em>C. magnum</em>, <em>C. orchidearum</em> and <em>C. piperis</em> were epitypified and their taxonomy resolved, while <em>C. cliviicola</em> was proposed as a new name for <em>C. cliviae</em>. Furthermore, a sexual morph was observed for <em>C. yunnanense</em>, while <em>C. brevisporum</em>, <em>C. cliviicola</em> and <em>C. tropicicola</em> were reported from new hosts or countries. Regarding their conidial morphology, species in the <em>C. dracaenophilum, C. magnum</em> and <em>C. orchidearum</em> species complexes are reminiscent of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> or <em>C. boninense</em> s. lat., and were likely to be confused with them in the past.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36305023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia","authors":"F. Liu ,&nbsp;G. Bonthond ,&nbsp;J.Z. Groenewald ,&nbsp;L. Cai ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species of <em>Sporocadaceae</em> are endophytic, plant pathogenic or saprobic, and associated with a wide range of host plants. Recent molecular studies that have attempted to address familial and generic boundaries of fungi belonging to <em>Sporocadaceae</em> were based on a limited number of samples and DNA loci. The taxonomy of this group of fungi is therefore still not fully resolved. The aim of the present study is to provide a natural classification for the <em>Sporocadaceae</em> based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, using LSU, ITS, <em>tef-1α</em>, <em>tub2</em> and <em>rpb2</em> loci, in combination with morphological data. A total of 30 well-supported monophyletic clades in <em>Sporocadaceae</em> are recognised, representing 23 known and seven new genera. Typifications are proposed for the type species of five genera (<em>Diploceras</em>, <em>Discosia</em>, <em>Monochaetia</em>, <em>Sporocadus</em> and <em>Truncatella</em>) to stabilise the application of these names. Furthermore, <em>Neotruncatella</em> and <em>Dyrithiopsis</em> are synonymised under <em>Hymenopleella</em>, and the generic circumscriptions of <em>Diploceras, Disaeta</em>, <em>Hymenopleella</em>, <em>Monochaetia</em>, <em>Morinia</em>, <em>Pseudopestalotiopsis</em>, <em>Sarcostroma</em>, <em>Seimatosporium</em>, <em>Synnemapestaloides</em> and <em>Truncatella</em> are emended. A total of 51 new species, one <em>nomina nova</em> and 15 combinations are introduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 287-415"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36802900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclins in aspergilli: Phylogenetic and functional analyses of group I cyclins","authors":"V. Paolillo ,&nbsp;C.B. Jenkinson ,&nbsp;T. Horio ,&nbsp;B.R. Oakley","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have identified the cyclin domain-containing proteins encoded by the genomes of 17 species of <em>Aspergillus</em> as well as 15 members of other genera of filamentous ascomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the cyclins fall into three groups, as in other eukaryotic phyla, and, more significantly, that they are remarkably conserved in these fungi. All 32 species examined, for example, have three group I cyclins, cyclins that are particularly important because they regulate the cell cycle, and these are highly conserved. Within the group I cyclins there are three distinct clades, and each fungus has a single member of each clade. These findings are in marked contrast to the yeasts <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>, which have more numerous group I cyclins. These results indicate that findings on cyclin function made with a model <em>Aspergillus</em> species, such as <em>A. nidulans</em>, are likely to apply to other Aspergilli and be informative for a broad range of filamentous ascomycetes. In this regard, we note that the functions of only one <em>Aspergillus</em> group I cyclin have been analysed (NimE^{Cyclin B} of <em>A. nidulans</em>). We have consequently carried out an analysis of the members of the other two clades using <em>A. nidulans</em> as our model. We have found that one of these cyclins, PucA, is essential, but deletion of PucA in a strain carrying a deletion of CdhA, an activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), is not lethal. These data, coupled with data from heterokaryon rescue experiments, indicate that PucA is an essential G₁/S cyclin that is required for the inactivation of the APC/C-CdhA, which, in turn, allows the initiation of the S phase of the cell cycle. Our data also reveal that PucA has additional, non-essential, roles in the cell cycle in interphase. The <em>A. nidulans</em> member of the third clade (AN2137) has not previously been named or analyzed. We designate this gene <em>clbA</em>. ClbA localizes to kinetochores from mid G₂ until just prior to chromosomal condensation. Deletion of <em>clbA</em> does not affect viability. However, by using a regulatable promoter system new to <em>Aspergillus</em>, we have found that expression of a version of ClbA in which the destruction box sequences have been removed is lethal and causes a mitotic arrest and a high frequency of non-disjunction. Thus, although ClbA is not essential, its timely destruction is essential for viability, chromosomal disjunction, and successful completion of mitosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36391575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}