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Collaborative Practices in Crisis Science: Interdisciplinary Research Challenges and the Syrian War 危机科学中的协作实践:跨学科研究挑战和叙利亚战争
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a22
F. Greenland, Michelle D. Fabiani
{"title":"Collaborative Practices in Crisis Science: Interdisciplinary Research Challenges and the Syrian War","authors":"F. Greenland, Michelle D. Fabiani","doi":"10.15195/v8.a22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a22","url":null,"abstract":"Crises present the scientific community with unusual demands, including the need for rapid solutions. This can translate into a greatly compressed time frame that curtails data collection and analysis procedures used in “normal” science. Researchers cope with these demands, while maintaining professional standards and a personal commitment to producing reliable work, by engaging in what we call performed separations. These are practices that allow people to adopt an ethical epistemic position while operating within constrained and urgent research situations. We distill the core features and effects of performed separations in the case of experts working to study archaeological looting in wartime Syria. We look specifically at how different practices of control allow for varying degrees of separation and the production of knowledge claims. By extension, performed separations facilitate making ethical claims about one’s role in the production of research and use of findings.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Is Denmark a Much More Educationally Mobile Society than the United States? Comment on Andrade and Thomsen, "Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Denmark and the United States" (2018) 丹麦的教育流动性比美国高得多吗?评安德拉德和汤姆森:《丹麦和美国的代际教育流动》(2018)
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a17
K. Karlson
{"title":"Is Denmark a Much More Educationally Mobile Society than the United States? Comment on Andrade and Thomsen, \"Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Denmark and the United States\" (2018)","authors":"K. Karlson","doi":"10.15195/v8.a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a17","url":null,"abstract":"I evaluate Andrade and Thomsen (A&T)’s (2018) study, which concludes that Denmark is significantly more educationally mobile than the United States. I make three observations. First, A&T overstate the difference in educational mobility between Denmark and the United States. Both in international comparison and compared with differences in intergenerational income mobility, A&T’s reported country differences in educational mobility are negligible. For example, whereas income mobility estimates reported in the literature differ by 300 to 600 percent between the two countries, the corresponding educational mobility estimates that A&T report differ by 10 to 20 percent. Second, I provide evidence suggesting that A&T’s use of crude categorical education measures leads them to overstate these negligible differences. Third, A&T’s empirical analyses of the U.S. data contain several statistical and data-related flaws, some so severe that they potentially undermine the credibility of their analyses. In sum, A&T’s results are perfectly consistent with the existence of a mobility paradox very similar to what Sweden–United States comparisons show: although Denmark and the United States are dissimilar with respect to income mobility, they are similar with respect to educational mobility. Understanding the nature of this paradox should be a key concern for future mobility research.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Segregated in Social Space: The Spatial Structure of Acquaintanceship Networks 社会空间中的隔离:熟人网络的空间结构
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a20
Barum Park
{"title":"Segregated in Social Space: The Spatial Structure of Acquaintanceship Networks","authors":"Barum Park","doi":"10.15195/v8.a20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a20","url":null,"abstract":"With deepening cleavages on several social dimensions, social fragmentation has become a major concern across the social sciences. This article proposes a spatial approach to study the segregation pattern of acquaintanceship ties across multiple social dimensions simultaneously. A Bayesian unfolding model is developed and fitted to the 2006 General Social Survey. Results suggests that the segregation pattern of reported acquaintanceship ties reflect consolidated socioeconomic inequalities. Furthermore, among the 13 analyzed social groups, gay and lesbian people were the least segregated group in 2006, implying that individuals with very different network compositions had similar probabilities to know someone who is gay or lesbian. Lastly, contradicting previous findings that ideology and religiosity segregate acquaintanceship networks to an extent that rivals race, it is found that race stands out as the dominant dimension that shapes the distribution of these relationships.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Yes, Denmark Is a More Educationally Mobile Society than the United States: Rejoinder to Kristian Karlson 是的，丹麦是一个比美国更具教育流动性的社会:对克里斯蒂安·卡尔森的反驳
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a18
S. Andrade, J. Thomsen
{"title":"Yes, Denmark Is a More Educationally Mobile Society than the United States: Rejoinder to Kristian Karlson","authors":"S. Andrade, J. Thomsen","doi":"10.15195/v8.a18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a18","url":null,"abstract":"In this rejoinder to Kristian Bernt Karlson (KBK), we maintain that there are substantial differences in intergenerational educational mobility between Denmark and the United States. In fact, when we include additional parental information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) for the United States, as suggested by KBK, the gap between Denmark and the United States increases. To confirm our findings, we show that the same conclusion about markedly higher educational mobility in Denmark holds when data from the General Social Survey are substituted for the NLSY97.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Rise of the Nones across the United States, 1973 to 2018: State-Level Trends of Religious Affiliation and Participation in the General Social Survey 1973年至2018年美国非信徒的崛起:宗教归属和参与综合社会调查的州级趋势
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a21
D. Wiertz, Chaeyoon Lim
{"title":"The Rise of the Nones across the United States, 1973 to 2018: State-Level Trends of Religious Affiliation and Participation in the General Social Survey","authors":"D. Wiertz, Chaeyoon Lim","doi":"10.15195/v8.a21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a21","url":null,"abstract":": Although there has been a fast rise in the share of Americans reporting no religion, it is unclear whether this trend has affected different parts of the country equally. Against this backdrop, we apply dynamic multilevel regression and poststratification (Dynamic MRP) to General Social Survey data over the period 1973 to 2018 to estimate state-level religious trends. We validate our estimates against external benchmarks, finding that they perform well in terms of predictive accuracy. Substantively, we find steeper increases in the share of religious nones in states that had more nones to begin with. Moreover, whereas state-level increases in the share of religious nones are strongly linked to declines in occasional church attendance and moderate religious identification, the associations with trends in regular attendance and strong identification are much weaker. States have thus not only diverged in their share of religious nones but also experienced different degrees of religious polarization.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Model-Based Method for Detecting Persistent Cultural Change Using Panel Data. 基于模型的面板数据持续文化变化检测方法。
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a5
Stephen Vaisey, Kevin Kiley
{"title":"A Model-Based Method for Detecting Persistent Cultural Change Using Panel Data.","authors":"Stephen Vaisey,&nbsp;Kevin Kiley","doi":"10.15195/v8.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent work argues that changes in people's responses to the same question over time should be thought of as reflecting a fixed baseline subject to temporary local influences, rather than durable changes in response to new information. Distinguishing between these two individual-level process-a settled dispositions model and an active updating model-is important because these individual-level processes underlie different theories of population-level social change. This article introduces an alternative method for adjudicating between these two models based on structural equation modeling. This model provides a close fit to the theoretical models outlined in previous work. Applying this method to more than 500 questions in the General Social Survey's three-wave panels, we find even stronger evidence than previous work that most survey responses reflect settled dispositions developed prior to adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"8 ","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8715548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39780106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Crisis and Uncertainty: Did the Great Recession Reduce the Diversity of New Faculty? 危机与不确定性:大衰退是否降低了新教师的多样性?
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v8.a15
Kwan Woo Kim, Alexandra Kalev, F. Dobbin, Gal Deutsch
{"title":"Crisis and Uncertainty: Did the Great Recession Reduce the Diversity of New Faculty?","authors":"Kwan Woo Kim, Alexandra Kalev, F. Dobbin, Gal Deutsch","doi":"10.15195/v8.a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v8.a15","url":null,"abstract":"The demographic composition of the U.S. professoriate affects student composition and, thus, the pipeline for professional and managerial jobs. Amid concern about the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the labor market, much remains unknown about how economic downturns affect faculty hiring and the demographic makeup of hires. We examine the effects of the Great Recession on faculty hiring. That crisis walloped the U.S. academic labor market. Tenure-track hires in four-year colleges and universities declined by 25 percent between 2007 and 2009, recovering slowly through 2015. Hires of black, Hispanic, and Asian American faculty declined disproportionately. Public institutions and research-oriented institutions, which faced the greatest resource challenges and uncertainty about the future, made the biggest cuts in the hiring of people of color. Our findings suggest that financial uncertainty led to a reversal in progress on faculty diversity. Faculty and administrators making hiring decisions in the years following the COVID-19 crisis should be aware of this pattern.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Toll of Turnover: Network Instability, Well-Being, and Academic Effort in 56 Middle Schools 离职的代价:56所中学的网络不稳定性、幸福感和学业努力
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a28
Hana Shepherd, A. Reich
{"title":"The Toll of Turnover: Network Instability, Well-Being, and Academic Effort in 56 Middle Schools","authors":"Hana Shepherd, A. Reich","doi":"10.15195/v7.a28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a28","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines whether network instability—namely, the extent of turnover in a person’s social network over time—is a distinct social process that affects individual well-being. Using a unique two-wave network data set collected in a field experiment that involved more than 21,100 students across 56 middle schools, we find a strong negative association between network instability and well-being and academic effort at the individual level, independent of other types of network change effects. We assess whether the negative effect of network instability remains when the source of instability is exogenous, the result of participation in the randomized intervention. Network instability leads to negative consequences even in this context, negatively impacting students who directly participated in the intervention. For nonintervention students in treatment schools, the intervention stabilized their social networks. We discuss the implications of these findings for studies of social networks and collective action.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"663-691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45158443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Racial and Gender Disparities among Evicted Americans 被驱逐美国人的种族和性别差异
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a27
P. Hepburn, Renee Louis, Matthew Desmond
{"title":"Racial and Gender Disparities among Evicted Americans","authors":"P. Hepburn, Renee Louis, Matthew Desmond","doi":"10.15195/v7.a27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a27","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on millions of court records of eviction cases filed between 2012 and 2016 in 39 states, this study documents the racial and gender demographics of America's evicted population. Black renters received a disproportionate share of eviction filings and experienced the highest rates of eviction filing and eviction judgment. Black and Latinx female renters faced higher eviction rates than their male counterparts. Black and Latinx renters were also more likely to be serially filed against for eviction at the same address. These findings represent the most comprehensive investigation to date of racial and gender disparities among evicted renters in the United States.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"649-662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48511010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
Threshold Models of Collective Behavior II: The Predictability Paradox and Spontaneous Instigation 集体行为的阈值模型Ⅱ：可预测性悖论与自发灌输
IF 3.4 2区 社会学
Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a26
M. Macy, A. Evtushenko
{"title":"Threshold Models of Collective Behavior II: The Predictability Paradox and Spontaneous Instigation","authors":"M. Macy, A. Evtushenko","doi":"10.15195/v7.a26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a26","url":null,"abstract":"Collective behavior can be notoriously hard to predict. We revisited a possible explanation suggested by Granovetter’s classic threshold model: collective behavior can unexpectedly fail, despite a group’s strong interest in the outcome, because of the sensitivity of cascades to small random perturbations in group composition and the distribution of thresholds. Paradoxically, we found that a small amount of randomness in individual behavior can make collective behavior less sensitive to these perturbations and therefore more predictable. We also examined conditions in which collective behavior unexpectedly succeeds despite the group’s weak interest in the outcome. In groups with an otherwise intractable start-up problem, individual randomness can lead to spontaneous instigation, making outcomes more sensitive to the strength of collective interests and therefore more predictable. These effects of chance behavior become much more pronounced as group size increases. Although randomness is often assumed to be a theoretically unimportant residual category, our findings point to the need to bring individual idiosyncrasy back into the study of collective behavior.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"628-648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44519031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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