Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series最新文献

{"title":"Faces of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology: Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov","authors":"N. Berdnikova, E. Lipnina","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.6","url":null,"abstract":"Mikhail Gerasimov, a well-known Soviet anthropologist, the creator of a unique method of plastic reconstruction of the face from the skull, was born on September 15, 1907 in St. Petersburg. In 1912, the Gerasimov family moved to Irkutsk, where his father received the post of doctor of the Irkutsk resettlement center. Irkutsk, as the capital of the vast Siberian region from the Yenisei to the Pacific Ocean, had a multifaceted socio-cultural life. In 1851, a department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was organized in Irkutsk as the first scientific organization to study all aspects of the nature, history, and peoples of Siberia. In 1918 Irkutsk University was opened, which became the main center of scientific and educational activities. With Irkutsk are connected the discoveries of the first Paleolithic site, the first Neolithic burial ground, the first multilayered site in Russia. At Irkutsk University, Berngard Petri created the multidisciplinary Irkutsk School of Archaeology (Paleoethnology). Mikhail Gerasimov was formed as a researcher in the system of this school, where he received archaeological, anthropological, geological, and paleontological training. He made the first face reconstructions from the skull in 1927 and 1929. The archaeological activity of Mikhail Gerasimov relates to Irkutsk, where he was engaged in research of Stone Age campsites and burials. It distinguishes two periods: pre-war (1919–1937) and post-war (1956–1960). He studied burials in Irkutsk and its vicinity, as well as at the mouth of the Selenga River, participated in excavations of the Paleolithic site Verkholenskaya Gora, discovered the Paleolithic site Pereselenchenskii Punkt in Irkutsk, the multilayered site Ust-Belaya, and a number of Stone Age campsites in Khabarovsk. His biggest achievement was the discovery and excavation of the Malta Paleolithic site with unique dwelling complexes and bone sculptures. The socio-political situation in the country forced Mikhail Gerasimov in 1937 to engage in physical anthropology to develop and implement the method of reconstruction of the face from the skull. Archaeology has faded into the background. Mikhail Gerasimov was able to return to Irkutsk for the excavations of Malta, Ust-Belaya, Fofanovo burial ground in 1956–1960. In the process of these works, under his influence, a team of young archaeologists was formed at the Irkutsk State University, which made up a new generation of the Irkutsk School of Archaeology.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133555376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Data on the Chronology and Stratigraphy of the Rakushechny Yar Site","authors":"E. Dolbunova, A. Mazurkevich, C. Hamon","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2022.42.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.42.106","url":null,"abstract":"Rakushechny Yar site, located in the Lower Don basin, is a multilayered floodplain settlement with a series of buried soils, where Neolithic-Eneolithic and Bronze Age cultural layers have been investigated. Dates with a wide calibration interval for materials from excavation # 1 obtained from total organic content of ceramics, food crust, and charcoal previously demonstrated the length of the Early Neolithic period ranging from the mid 7th millennium BC to the end of the 6th millennium cal BC. The new data allowed us to significantly adjust chronology of the site. A new series of dating based on animal bones from the Early Neolithic layers concentrate within a narrow chronological interval of a few decades around 5600 cal BC. This suggests that burying of archaeological remains was very rapid, and sand interlayers which separated them do not form significant temporal hiatuses. The archaeological layers are distributed within restricted surfaces and correspond to different episodes of coastal zone inhabitation. The variation in the number, thickness and character of the archaeological layers points to repeated episodes of inhabitation during Early Neolithic. The time when the Early Neolithic strata might have been closed differs at various parts – from the 5th mill to the 4th millennium cal BC (based on OSL and AMS dates). The contradictions that existed between the individual dates can be explained either by the reservoir effect (for food crust dating) or by the correlation of the dating from different sections, where layers were not deposited at the same time. It is complicated to determine the rate of deposition of Early Neolithic cultural strata, which may have occurred in a single season or possibly over a longer period of time. The series of dates obtained indicate successive occupation of the site. The change in the pattern of coastal inhabitation from small-scale households’ areas with shell paved platforms and pits to dwelling complexes with clay pavement floors and clay-covered walls/roofs occurred over a very short time. This may explain the homogenous nature of the Early Neolithic material culture and the production of a certain set of clay vessels, stone, bone industry, and shell tools.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115327718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Images of Domestic Animals in Interpretations of the Social Structure of Nomadic Society","authors":"M. Sodnompilova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2019.27.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2019.27.73","url":null,"abstract":"Horses and cattle are traditionally part of the main wealth of nomadic pastoralists in Inner Asia (taban khoshuu mal – five types of cattle) and occupy an important place in the life support system of nomads. They as domestic animals, rather than prey, appear in the economy of the Inner Asia population in the Bronze Age. The long stage of the coexistence of these domestic animals with humans determined the high significance of horse and cow images in mythology, folklore, beliefs and rites of nomads. An idea of the biological identity and compatibility permeates the life of a nomad and explains his regular references to images of animals in the interpretation of social phenomena. The purpose of this article is to determine the interpretations logic of the phenomena of social life through the prism of images of the most significant animals in the nomadic economy, reflected in the folklore texts of various genres and the rituals of the Turko-Mongols. The main sources of research were genealogical legends, sayings explaining social phenomena, the rules and prohibitions of the traditional food complex, zoomorphic vocabulary. The study of folklore texts of the different genres of TurkoMongols in Inner Asia, containing the images of domestic animals, shows the high status of the horse and cattle in the life of nomads. These animals became the basis of the nomadic economy of the Turko-Mongols. In this regard, the images of the horse and cow as symbols of wealth and happiness are widely represented in the rituals, especially the wedding cycle, wedding favors, songs, guidance songs. In addition, in the Turko-Mongolian wedding cycle of rites, the unity of these images models the future life of the newlyweds in love and harmony. The value of these animals is determined not only by their economic importance in the nomadic economy. Over the long period of coexistence of these animals with humans, their appearance and habits, causing a positive or negative assessment among the nomads, became the main elements in the interpretation of social phenomena, stable “parameters” of human behavior modeling and even evaluation of their appearance.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116742071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Ties Between Buryats and Yakuts: Malǰirag˱ ~ Manǰirag˱ || Malˊdaγar (Malǰaγar) || Malljaγar","authors":"B. Nanzatov, V. Tishin","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2021.37.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2021.37.85","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper they are analyzed the ethnonyms known among the Buryats in the form of Manǰiraγ [Manǯirag˱], Malǰiraγ [Malǯirag˱] etc. (those are Manžirak, Manžirak in Russian spelling, “Manzir” in Russian documents of the 17th century), and among the Yakuts to be attested as Maldˊaγar. The Buryat forms reflected the original *Manǰi Uraγ or *Malǰi Uraγ, where attested in both cases the first element characterized by the development of complex -nǰ- > -lǰ-. The secondary form may be found also in mentioned Yakut Maldˊaγar that to be metathesised version of *Maldˊǝraχ < *Malǰiraγ, due to development of Mong. -raγ > Yak. *-raχ > -γar. So, it is possible to view here another Mongolic borrowing in the register of Yakut ethnonyms. The etymology of the original ethnonym was also analysed in the paper. The word is not based on roots such nor as Manču ~ Manǰu, that is the ethnic name of Manchu people, nor the from Buddhist lexicon word Bandi ‘novice, pupil of a lama’ (> Kalm. Manži), because of problems in chronology for possibility of any of such versions. So, it is of the possible the most optimal version seems to prefer the word analysed to be compared with known in Written Mongolian manǰi ‘an elk’. It may be to argue that the development -nǰ- > -lǰ- attested had made place already in the form of the word have not yet been a part of the ethnonym contracted. Among Tofalars it is known the tribal name Maldˊär < *Malǰi är ‘Malǰi people, people of Malǰi’,. It seems that among both Yakuts and Tofalars it is circulated the secondary form of the Mongolic name. The penetration of the word here had started before 17th century. And one can say also that not only the development -nǰ- > -lǰ- had its place to that time that supported by known among Yakuts personal name attested in Russian spelling as Malegar, i.e., *Maläγar [*Maljäγar], but it was also the Middle Mongolic /ǰ/ > Buryat */dz/ reflected in Russian spelling “Manzirskiy” found in documents of the 17th century.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123037925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Development of the Database “ArchaeoNomos” to Support Archaeological Research","authors":"Y. Kurzybova, V. Dmitriev","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2021.35.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2021.35.3","url":null,"abstract":"Archeology is the only branch of human study that relies more on material remains left by people than on direct observation of human behavior or on written evidence. This focus on material evidence compels archaeologists to improve the methods and techniques of collecting and interpreting data that ensure the extraction of maximum information from available sources. The article provides an analysis of existing national and foreign information and geoinformation systems representing data on archaeological finds, cultural sites, and research documentation. A description of the existing standards, which regulate the list of attributes of geoarchaeological objects, is provided. The article also describes the stages of conceptual and logical modeling of the “ArchaeoNomos” database, which represents a unified repository for all data accompanying archaeological investigations, archaeological research and design, and documentation of research activities of the Scientific Research Center “Baikal Region” of Irkutsk State University. The problem of automating the processes of storage, processing, modification, and interpretation of geoarchaeological data is formulated. The system analysis of the subject area, system specification of an application that works with a database, the surveying specialists of the subject area to identify associations between database objects are presented. The infological and physical models of data presentation in the database are described, which allows the integration of the accumulated archaeological data into larger scientific associations. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of using relational databases as repositories for archaeological data are outlined. The purpose of creating the “ArchaeoNomos” database is to implement measures for the preservation of the archaeological heritage, including the introduction and the use of the database by scientists that systematize and automate access to accumulated scientific data, including literary sources. The sub-goals include solving the problem of organizing and storing archaeological data, implementing multilingual interfaces in the information system, organizing information support for field and laboratory archaeological research, transferring the physical (nondigital) historical data storage system to a digital system. “ArchaeoNomos” database allows to keep records, analyze, visualize, and interpret data on geoarchaeological sites of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129345478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonmetric Dental Traits of the Mountain Altai Population of Xiongnu-Sarmatian Era","authors":"N. Leibova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2019.30.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2019.30.34","url":null,"abstract":"The Xiongnu-Sarmatian era (1st century BC – first half of the 5th century AD) on the territory of Mountain Altai is represented by the Bulan-Koba culture. Earlier studies of the anthropological composition of the Mountain Altai population of this period made it possible to reveal the presence of an autochthonous anthropological layer. Also a noticeable increase in the proportion of the Mongoloid component only for the southeastern part of Mountain Altai was noticed. This article presents for the first time data on the dental system features of the Mountain Altai population, which is an independent source. The aim of the work is to analyze the anthropological composition of the population based on the data of odontology and to determine the origins of its genesis. The work is based on the analysis of data from the burial grounds Bosch-tuu I, Bulan-Koby IV, Stepushka 1, 2 and Ayrydash I (Altai Republic) that belong to the belo-bomsky stage (2nd – the first half of the 4th century AD). The series of the Ayrydash I burial ground includes 79 individuals, Bosh-Tuu I – 43 individuals, Bulan-Koba IV – 39 individuals, Stepushka 1, 2 – 23 individuals. The paper discusses 10 key odontoscopic traits. The evaluation of the traits and their further analysis were carried out in accordance with the methodology and technic contained in the works of A. A. Zubov. As a result, it was found that all the series studied belong to the range of populations of the western odontological branch with some increase in the frequency of traits of eastern orientation. In the group of Ayrydash I, taking into account the total number of the series, this eastern “raid” is the most distinct. The genesis of the population of the Mountain Altai of the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran time was complex, as in previous epochs. The data of odontology prove that the “Pazyryks” directly preceding the “Bulan-Kobins” was not the main substrate on the basis of which the new population was composed. Rather, the basis was formed by descendants of the nomadic population of the forest-steppe foothills of the Altai. Dental anthropology data differ from that of craniology in assessing the role of the Pazyryk population's participation in the formation of Bulan-Koba culture. It is possible that an increase in the number of series studied will eventually lead to a convergence of estimates of the two systems.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminal-Edge Knapping Techniques in the Final Sartanian Complexes of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia","authors":"D. Zolotarev, N. Berdnikova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.41.68","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the characteristic of the terminal-edge microknapping from the archaeological complexes of the Final Sartanian (sr4 ) of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. These complexes are dated in the interval of 14.7– 12.8 ka cal BP. Most of them are localized in the Southern Angara region (14 objects). The rest of them are located on the Upper Lena (1 object) and in the Kan-Yenisei region (2 objects). Cultural complexes from the above-mentioned interval are included a large number of the Bølling–Allerød (BA) soils. The process of the identification of techniques/methods of terminal-edge microknapping coincide with understanding that is considered in Japanese archeology. Variations of the Yubetsu techniques (Sakkotsu, Oshorokko) are widely used including those which have a sharp flaking angle in the traditional system of frontal platform trimming. Bifaces, unifaces, flakes, platy partings and pebbles were the preforms. There are single forms made in the Rankosi technique. The earlier technique of Saikai continues to exist. The blanks were pebbles, flakes, specially prepared forms, bifaces. The main feature of this technique is the trimming of the platform by transversely oriented spalls with one of the laterals. It is combined with Campus technique. It is based on the use of flakes, flattened cores of various modifications and specially prepared bifacial forms as blanks. For the Campus technique a special variant of platform trimming was fixed which was formed by a series of flakes from the lateral as in the Saikai technique. Then the working segment of the platform was supplemented with a specific “stepped” flakes from the front. The closest analogies of the Yubetsu strategy are found in the materials of synchronous objects in the Baikal-Patom highlands and Western Transbaikal region. The combination of the specific techniques of microknapping of the Saikai and the Campus has broad analogies in the Sartanian complexes of the Yenisei River valley. In the development of the cultures of the late stage of the Upper Paleolithic of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia a certain continuity is traced. It is expressed in the development of microknapping strategies.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122718947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Buryat-Yakut Ethnic Connections: *J̌imken || *Yemkon, *Žemkon","authors":"B. Nanzatov, V. Tishin","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2021.35.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2021.35.100","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the Yakut ethnonym *J̌emkon and *Yemkon, which can be identified in the personal onomastics (the name Zhemkon and surname Yemkonov) and derived names of various administrativeterritorial units (Yemkonskaya or Yamkonskaya volost’, Zhemkonskiy nasleg) recorded in the Russian documents. For the first time, the ethnonym becomes known in the documents of 17th century related to the population of the Lena River valley, which later became part of the Kangalasskiy ulus. Later the name was recorded in Vilyuy region. The modern Yakut spelling cöppön, cökpön, cökkön, cömkön reflects a late adaptation in the Yakut environment. In this connection the authors of the article draw their attention to the ethnonym known among the Buryats. It is widespread in different versions over vast territories among several ethnic-territorial groups of the Buryats. It is form Zemχed (letter ǰimked) of the Khori (Qori) tribe Khudai (Qudai). The various forms of the ethnonym and the corresponding eponyms as Yenχen, Zenχen, Ženχen, Žinχen are widely represented both among the Khori (Qori) tribe Galzut (Γalzuud) settled not only among the Khori (Qori) and Aga Buryats, and among the Verkholensk, Ol’khon, and Barguzin ethno-territorial groups of Western Buryats. The analysis shows that the Russian spelling of the Yakut ethnonym could reflect an adaptation of the original variant to be close to the pronunciation of *ǰimken (~ *dʹimken?), which in turn makes it possible to characterize its phonetic appearance as tending to Western Buryat dialects. Therefore, there are reasons to associate the penetration of this ethnonym into the Yakut environment with native speakers of a Western Buryat type language. The etymology of the analyzed name is difficult. Formal analysis of morphology leads to the opinion that the possible reconstructed semantics would be more likely to a personal name or toponym. It is also noted that it is possible to consider the spelling *J̌imken ~ *Yimken as correspond in its Mongolic form to the name known from the sources of the 11th–14th centuries and related to the Turkic tribe Yemäk ~ Yimäk. However, the authors leave this remark only as a hypothesis to be possible for further discussions.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124570110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Radiocarbon Data for the Middle Neolithic Burials from the Southern Angara Region (Report)","authors":"I. Berdnikov, O. Goriunova","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2022.40.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.40.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the Neolithic studies of the Cis-Baikal, the problem of hiatus (break in mortuary traditions) remains topical. According to the latest data, adjusted for the freshwater reservoir effect, it manifests itself over a period of about 600 years (6660–6060 cal BP). During the implementation of the project “Missing Link: The Problem of Identification of Middle Neolithic Burials on the Territory of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia”, carried out under the guidance of one of the authors, it was proposed to associate with the Middle Neolithic complexes of campsites where Ust-Belaya and Posolskaya ceramics are recorded. In parallel, a search was carried out for burials that could be correlated with this stage. More recently, we have received the first radiocarbon data on two burials from the Southern Angara region. One of them (Ust-Ilir burial ground) was included in the database already at the first stage of the study. The second (from Shumilikha burial ground) was not initially considered as a potential object for dating and was analyzed as an addition to other materials. As a result of radiocarbon dating, two determinations were obtained from fauna samples (fragments of bone tools). It has been established that the age of the Ust-Ilir burial complex with bone pendants with waterfowl images, unique for the Angara region, is within the range of 6275–6012 cal BP (6182±70 mean HPD cal BP). A similar burial (Gremyachii Klyuch) was excavated in 1959 in Krasnoyarsk. Burial No. 44 from Shumilikha is somewhat older and is dated in the range of 6622–6410 cal BP (6508±43 mean HPD cal BP). Thus, the age of this burial complexes falls within the interval of the Middle Neolithic hiatus. Moreover, these data do not require any correction, since they were obtained from samples from the bones of herbivorous mammals. Both burials could have been left by huntergatherers who made Ust-Belaya ceramics, as evidenced by the finds of fragments of this type in the collection of exposed materials from the Ust-Ilir burial ground, as well as the synchronism and territorial proximity of burial No. 44 of the Shumilikha burial ground and complexes of cultural layer 3 of the Ust-Belaya site with fragments of similar vessels. This is the first reliable data on hiatus, the problem of which is likely to lose its relevance in the near future.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117303264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronology of the Neolithic Ceramics of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia: Basic Ideas and New Data","authors":"I. Berdnikov, O. Goriunova, A. G. Novikov, N. Berdnikova, I. Ulanov, N. B. Sokolova, M. E. Abrashina, K. Krutikova, E. O. Rogovskoi, D. Lokhov, S. Kogai","doi":"10.26516/2227-2380.2020.33.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2020.33.23","url":null,"abstract":"There are two main research areas in the Neolithic studies of the Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. One of them relates to research of mortuary traditions, another with a research of hunter-gatherer’s campsites. Ceramics is of the greatest importance for the cultural identification of campsites complexes. As a result of the Canadian-Russian project, for the Neolithic burials a clear chronological model based on AMS radiocarbon dates corrected for the freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) was created. There are several hypotheses for ceramic complexes that were proposed, but all of them predominantly were based on the radiocarbon dates obtained by the liquid scintillation counting method. This data cannot be admitted as reliable because of the limitation of this method, the big root-mean-square deviation, and the lack of data on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Over the past few years, we have received in the Keck-CCAMS Group and Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit laboratories 35 new AMS-radiocarbon dates for the complexes with Neolithic ceramics. Samples taken for analyses were obtained from the 14 multilayered sites of the Angara region, Tunka valley, and Lake Baikal coast. They are represented by fragments of teeth, bones, and horns of the mammals (predominantly Cervidae and large ungulates) that accompanied pottery in cultural horizons. In five cases the carbonized organic residues (foodcrusts) from the inner surface of ceramic vessels were used as samples. In one more case, it was a strong humified soil cleaned from impurities. The technical assessment of the reliability of all dates was provided. The definitions obtained for faunal remains look the most correct. Dates obtained for foodcrust are likely significantly older, because of possible FRE influence. The geoarchaeological assessment of new dates and their correlation with the most reliable dates of previous years is provided. Based on the AMC-dating, the following chronometric frames for the Neolithic pottery of the Baikal-Yenisei Siberia are offered: Early Neolithic Net-impressed and the Khaita ceramics in the Angara region – 8539–6914 cal BP, on the Lake Baikal coast – 8160–6960 cal BP, in the Tunka valley – 7843–7681 cal BP; Ust-Belaya ceramics in the Northern Angara region – 7421–7014 cal BP (perhaps the real age is younger), in the Southern Angara region – 6730–6306 cal BP; Posolskaya ceramics on the Lake Baikal coast – 6750–6300 cal BP, in the Southern Angara region – 6730–6306 cal BP; Serovo and Dotted-comb ceramics on the Lake Baikal coast – 5841–4620 cal BP.","PeriodicalId":220135,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115576713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}