Steroids最新文献

{"title":"Steroid sulfatase and the transporter of sulfated steroids are upregulated in granulose cells from women of POSEIDON group 4 in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization cycles","authors":"Karina Sequeira ,&nbsp;Soledad Henríquez ,&nbsp;Paulina Kohen ,&nbsp;Ariel Fuentes ,&nbsp;Alejandro Tapia-Pizarro ,&nbsp;Pablo Céspedes ,&nbsp;Ana Godoy ,&nbsp;Luigi Devoto","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The reduced circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) are associated with women with poor ovarian response, &gt; 35 years old and low ovarian reserve (POSEIDON group 4, PG4) in cycles of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In the ovary, the uptake of DHEA-S is facilitated by the transmembrane organic anion-transporting polypeptide, OATP2B1, whereas in the cytoplasm, the hydrolysis of the inactive precursor DHEA-S into the biologically active steroid DHEA is catalyzed by the steroid sulfatase enzyme (STS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate DHEA and DHEA-S in serum and follicular fluid as well as the expression levels for STS and OATP2B1 in granulosa cells from women in PG4 compared to a control group (control) of age matched women with normal ovarian reserve and response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective study which included 23 women who underwent in vitro fertilization. We compared women in PG4 (n = 13) with a control (n = 8). Transcript levels and the cellular distribution of STS and OATP2B1 transporter were determined by qPCR and immunofluorescence respectively in granulosa cells collected at the time of oocyte pick-up. Gene expression was analyzed according to age, circulating AMH, antral follicle count (AFC) along with DHEA-S and DHEA in serum and follicular fluid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serum and follicular fluid analysis showed that DHEA-S was significantly decreased in PG4 compared to control, whereas no differences in DHEA concentrations were observed. Women in PG4 had significantly higher expression of STS and OATP2B1 mRNA (n = 13, p &lt; 0.05) compared with those of the control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results suggest that up-regulation of STS and OATP2B1 in granulosa cells from women in PG4 could be a compensatory mechanism to overcome the decreased circulating levels of DHEA-S possibly required as substrate for intraovarian production of DHEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) supplementation impacts adrenal cortex morphophysiology of aged female gerbils","authors":"Carolina Marques Bedolo ,&nbsp;Isabella Carolina Cozim ,&nbsp;Vitor Grigio ,&nbsp;Gabriel Ribeiro Bernussi ,&nbsp;Stella Bicalho Silva ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra ,&nbsp;Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos ,&nbsp;Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior ,&nbsp;Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel ,&nbsp;Sebastião Roberto Taboga","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the process of aging, it is common for women to take dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) supplements to prevent adrenopause. However, the potential effects of this supplementation on the adrenal cortex have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of DHEAS supplementation on the adrenal cortex of female Mongolian gerbils during the aging process. The experiment was conducted by dividing the aged female gerbils (18 months of age) into two groups (n = 5). The control group received no treatment, while the experimental group received 60 mg/kg of DHEAS for 5 weeks. The adrenal glands of both groups were then subjected to morphological, hormonal and immunohistochemistry analyses. The results showed that DHEAS supplementation led to a significant increase in the accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the adrenal cells. Furthermore, decreases in ERα and ERβ and the enzymes CYP17 and 17βHSD, and an increase in the 5α-reductase enzyme in the adrenal cortex were also observed. The results suggest that DHEAS supplementation has a negative feedback effect on the adrenal cortex, affecting its morphophysiology and, consequently, the gland’s functionality. In addition, DHEAS supplementation does not reverse all aspects of the effects of aging on adrenal gland homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic insights into vitamin D deficiency: a case-control study of GC and CYP24A1 gene polymorphism","authors":"Usama ,&nbsp;Aslam Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Raza ,&nbsp;Khurram Abbas ,&nbsp;Lamjed Mansour ,&nbsp;Aktar Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the sunny climate, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in several parts of the world. Several risk factors are associated with VD deficiency, including single nucleotide polymorphism and post-translational modifications in its transport protein, known as vitamin D binding protein (DBP) or GC and CYP24A1, a protein associated with its degradation. Our study explores the impact of rs4588 and rs7041 in the GC gene, along with CYP24A1 rs4809960 and rs2585428, on serum vitamin D and the risk of vitamin D insufficiency. This study enrolled 114 healthy controls and 239 vitamin D-deficient subjects. SNPs were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The G/T genotype of D432E and the A/A genotype of T436K in the GC gene were observed to be risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Overall, a significant (P &lt; 0.05) association was observed between the D432E and T436K polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency. Polymorphic genotypes of CYP24A1 rs4809960 and rs2585428 polymorphisms were significantly associated with a higher risk of Vitamin D deficiency. D432E and T436K polymorphisms were associated with decreased vitamin D and increased PTH levels in vitamin D-deficient individuals. Similarly, both CYP24A1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. Also, a negative association was observed between sufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian randomization studies of testosterone exposure: A systematic review","authors":"Annika Magdalena Rhomberg-Kauert ,&nbsp;Morten Tulstrup ,&nbsp;Christoffer Badsted ,&nbsp;Henrik Horwitz ,&nbsp;Ida M. Heerfordt","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Testosterone impacts reproductive health, cardiovascular function, and metabolism. Considering the use of testosterone therapy and anabolic steroid misuse, understanding its health effects is important. While randomized clinical trials provide short-term insights, and observational studies struggle with confounding factors, Mendelian randomization offers an alternative by using genetic variations to explore causal relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic search was performed using MEDLINE to identify studies published from inception to October 2024. We included studies that conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to evaluate associations between testosterone exposure and any health outcomes in males.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-nine Mendelian randomization studies were included, examining a broad spectrum of health outcomes linked to testosterone exposure. Cardiovascular and metabolic health, alongside prostate cancer risk, were the most frequently studied areas. Most studies indicated that higher testosterone levels were associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as increased risks of thromboembolism, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Elevated levels of genetically predicted free testosterone consistently showed a correlation with increased prostate cancer risk. The relationship between testosterone and type 2 diabetes remained inconclusive. Neuropsychiatric and musculoskeletal outcomes received less attention, while dermatological, infectious, and respiratory health were minimally explored.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review provides information about the causal relationships between testosterone exposure and health outcomes, contributing to the ongoing discourse on testosterone-related health risks and benefits. The included studies exhibit great heterogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic value of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in COVID-19 cases at Tokat Province","authors":"Figen Guzelgul ,&nbsp;Ergul Belge Kurutas","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Factors affecting the clinical course of COVID-19, an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans, are still poorly understood. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a protein encoded by the GPER gene in humans. GPER is activated by binding to estradiol, a female sex hormone, leading to mediation of estradiol’s rapid cellular effects. In this study, which was conducted for the first time, we aimed to investigate GPER levels and their diagnostic value in COVID-19 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 71 individuals [Female/Male (n = 36/35) range of ages 32 ∼ 62] were enrolled in this study and categorized into three groups: the patient group consisted of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 and receiving supportive treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mild group consisted of COVID-19 patients who received outpatient treatment, and the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum GPER levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The general sex distribution of the patients was analyzed, revealing that 35(49.3 %) were male and 36(50.7 %) were female. GPER levels were significantly increased in severe COVID-19 females compared to control and mild course groups (p &lt; 0.05). A GPER cut-off value of 2.95 ng/mL showed diagnostic accuracy in severe COVID-19 cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study, conducted for the first time, demonstrates that GPER levels are significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in female patients, suggesting that GPER may serve as a diagnostic marker for the progression of COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From root to Recovery: The role of herbs in polycystic ovary syndrome management","authors":"Noor-Ul-Ain Zafar ,&nbsp;Rahmatullah Qureshi ,&nbsp;Ayesha Siddiqa ,&nbsp;Syed Azaz Mustafa Naqvi ,&nbsp;Fareeha Waheed ,&nbsp;Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ,&nbsp;Amir Ali ,&nbsp;Kayley Aileen Hernández Ramírez ,&nbsp;Gabriela Medina-Pérez ,&nbsp;Armando Pelaez-Acero ,&nbsp;Ajaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent complicated endocrine condition affecting women, caused by both hereditary and environmental factors. It often emerges during the reproductive years (15–35 years) and now affects 1 out of 10 women worldwide. PCOS is distinguished by high androgen levels, particularly testosterone, as well as the appearance of many ovarian cysts (more than 10), which result in anovulation, infertility, and irregular menstrual periods. Furthermore, PCOS is associated with a variety of endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hirsutism, acne, diabetes, insulin resistance, and poor glucose tolerance. PCOS treatment includes allopathic, Ayurvedic, and natural therapies, as well as lifestyle changes. In comparison to allopathic treatments, herbal medicines are recognized for their cost-effectiveness, efficacy, and favourable role in PCOS management/treatment. This literature review briefly examines PCOS diagnosis, symptoms, hormonal imbalance, causes, related risk factors, and management, with a particular emphasis on the role of herbal remedies in PCOS treatment. This review highlights several medicinal plants with potential therapeutic benefits for various health conditions. These herbs have demonstrated efficacy in managing ailments such as hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, menorrhagia, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular disorders, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, and irregular menstrual cycles. The information was sourced from PubMed and multiple review articles. Various herbs, whether used individually, in combination, or as extracts, may help reduce risk factors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, NMR and X-ray characterization of dibenzoannulated dimeric steroid spiroketals. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Rsuini U. Gutiérrez-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Juan A. Antolín-González ,&nbsp;Nimsi Campos-Xolalpa ,&nbsp;Salud Perez-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Marcos Flores-Álamo ,&nbsp;Josué Vazquez-Chavez ,&nbsp;Martín A. Iglesias-Arteaga","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two dibenzoannulated dimeric steroid spiroketals were obtained from cholesterol and 1,4-phenylenedimethanol. The key step in synthetic protocol is a Pd-catalyzed double spiroketalization in an adduct obtained from the double Sonogashira coupling of the 5α and 5β diastereomers of 4,5-secocholestan-5-ol. A detailed NMR characterization supported by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction studies corroborated the obtained structures. While no cytotoxic effect was observed, the obtained compounds produced a significant reduction in the production of nitric oxide in macrophages stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indicating a potential anti-inflammatory activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereo- and regioselectivity in nitrile oxide cycloaddition reactions to norethisterone acetate as dipolarophile","authors":"Giuseppe Faita ,&nbsp;Mariella Mella ,&nbsp;Paolo Quadrelli","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzo- and anthracenenitrile oxides undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with 17 α- acetate norethisterone affording the expected isoxazoline and isoxazoles derivatives in good yields and as single regioisomers. The structures of all the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of the corresponding analytical and spectroscopic data, which were presented and discussed. The stereo- and regiochemical outcome of the cycloadditions were also accounted on the basis of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition theory and computational investigations. Electronic (Frontier Orbital theory) and steric effects are at work in orienting selectively the cycloaddition to specific regioisomeric steroids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis","authors":"Qing-Jiang Xu ,&nbsp;Jia-Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Xu ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ya Shang ,&nbsp;Jiachen Zi","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three new diterpenoids, 12,16-epoxy-11-hydroxy-17(15 → 16)-<em>abeo</em>-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (<strong>1</strong>), 7,12-dihydroxy abieta-6,8,10(5),11,13-quien-20-oic acid 1,20-lactone (<strong>2</strong>), labda-5(10),13(<em>E)</em>-dien-15-ol (<strong>11</strong>), one new natural product (2<em>E</em>,6<em>E</em>)-3,7-dimethyl-9-[(1<em>S</em>,6<em>R</em>)-1,2,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl]nona-2,6-dien-1-ol (<strong>16</strong>) and thirteen known compounds were isolated and elucidated from the excellent antimicrobial active fractions of <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> ethanol extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectral data analysis and combined with literature reports. Among them, monocyclic diterpenoids (<strong>16</strong> and <strong>17</strong>) were discovered from rosemary for the first time. All isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against four strains (<em>B. subtilis, S. aureus</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Fusarium spp</em>.), with six compounds showing very strong inhibitory activity against <em>B. subtilis</em> and four compounds showing strong inhibitory activity against <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target-specific high-throughput screening of anti-inflammatory phytosteroids for autoimmune diseases: A molecular docking-dynamics simulation approach","authors":"Alaka Sahoo ,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty ,&nbsp;Maitreyee Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2025.109601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Without proper pathophysiology and recommended therapy, synthetic steroids are widely used as a first-line option for the management of autoimmune diseases. However, their prolonged use often leads to severe side effects such as osteoporosis, hypertension, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal complications, etc. To search for potential and safer therapeutic options, the present study aims to explore the potency and drug-ability profiles of anti-inflammatory phytosteroids (PSs). In a target-specific approach, we have selected three key molecular targets: glucocorticoid receptor/GR (PDB ID: 4P6W), cyclooxygenase-2/COX2 (PDB ID: 5F1A), and inducible nitric oxide synthase/iNOS (PDB ID: 4NOS) for a docking study of 167) selected PSs. The drug-chemistry profiles (physicochemical, toxicity, pharmacokinetic, drug-ability, etc.) of PSs were also assessed using various bioinformatics and chemoinformatics tools. The above assessment suggested that withaminilide B (PS46) is a lead candidate with higher drug-ability properties. Further, the drug stability and kinetic behaviour of the lead with the GR target ‘GR-withaminilide B’ in comparison with the control drug, ‘GR-triamcinolone acetonide’ docking complex, were studied through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 200 nanosecond with free energy calculation (MM/PBSA). Overall findings suggested that PSs exhibit distinct drug-ability profiles based on their functional attachments with a steroidal core moiety, where withaminilide B is a lead PSs among all to be used as alternative/ complementary candidates expected with limited adverse effects. Further experimentation is essential before mainstream application, but the study provided a platform to select drug-able candidates with a higher chance of experimental success and accelerate the drug discovery process within limited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}