Investigating the influence of estrous cycle-dependent hormonal changes on neurogenesis in adult mice

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Steroids Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109513

Leila Mirzaeian , Khadijeh Bahrehbar , Mandana Emamdoust , Masoumeh Amiri , Maryam Azari , Mohammad Taghi Ghorbanian

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Abstract

Objective

Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain. Sex hormones play an essential role in the development of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurogenic changes in the brain at different phases of the estrous cycle in adult mice.

Materials and methods

Female NMRI mice were divided into four groups: 1- Estrous, 2- Proestrous, 3- Metestrous, and 4- Diestrous. Different stages of the estrous cycle were determined by staining of vaginal smears. The level of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) hormones was evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor) BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)) genes in hippocampal and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in subventricular zone (SVZ) tissue were evaluated.

Results

The serum estrogen and FSH increased significantly in Proestrous group (p < 0.001). Also, progesterone and prolactin hormones were significantly increased in the Diaestrus group (p < 0.001). The expression levels of BDNF, NGF, and CNTF significantly increased in the hippocampal tissue of Proestrous and Diaestrus groups (p < 0.001). The number of GFAP⁺ cells in SVZ of the Proestrous and Diestrous groups had a significant increase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data showed that Changes in sex hormones, especially estrogen in the estrous cycle, can cause the production of new neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus and SVZ. Therefore, the increase in neurotrophic factors in the Proestrus and Diestrus leads to neurogenesis in adult mice brains.

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研究发情周期依赖性荷尔蒙变化对成年小鼠神经发生的影响

目的：神经发生是成人大脑中神经干细胞生成新神经元的过程。性激素在大脑发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在评估成年小鼠在发情周期不同阶段大脑神经源的变化：将雌性 NMRI 小鼠分为四组：1-发情期、2-临发情期、3-雌发情期和 4-绝发情期。通过对阴道涂片染色来确定发情周期的不同阶段。雌激素、孕酮、催乳素、卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）的水平采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法进行评估。此外，还评估了脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、神经生长因子（NGF）、睫状肌神经营养因子（CNTF）基因在海马中的表达情况，以及胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）在室管膜下区（SVZ）组织中的表达情况：雌激素和前列腺素在妊娠期组显著增加（p+），妊娠期组和妊娠晚期组 SVZ 中的细胞显著增加（p 结论：雌激素和前列腺素在妊娠期组显著增加（p+），妊娠期组和妊娠晚期组 SVZ 中的细胞显著增加（p+）：我们的数据表明，性激素的变化，尤其是发情周期中雌激素的变化，可促使海马和SVZ产生新的神经元和星形胶质细胞。因此，预发情期和发情期神经营养因子的增加会导致成年小鼠大脑神经发生。

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来源期刊

Steroids 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

3.70%

发文量

120

审稿时长

73 days

期刊介绍： STEROIDS is an international research journal devoted to studies on all chemical and biological aspects of steroidal moieties. The journal focuses on both experimental and theoretical studies on the biology, chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism, molecular biology, physiology and pharmacology of steroids and other molecules that target or regulate steroid receptors. Manuscripts presenting clinical research related to steroids, steroid drug development, comparative endocrinology of steroid hormones, investigations on the mechanism of steroid action and steroid chemistry are all appropriate for submission for peer review. STEROIDS publishes both original research and timely reviews. For details concerning the preparation of manuscripts see Instructions to Authors, which is published in each issue of the journal.