Structural Safety最新文献

{"title":"Probabilistic design procedure for steel moment resisting frames equipped with FREEDAM connections","authors":"Maria Maglio ,&nbsp;Rosario Montuori ,&nbsp;Elide Nastri ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Piluso ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pisapia","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control (TPMC) is combined with a probabilistic method to account for the influence of random material variability. Reference is made to steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) equipped with FREEDAM connections. FREEDAM connections are beam-to-column connections equipped with friction dampers to dissipate the seismic input energy. TPMC is used to guarantee that in case of destructive seismic events the structural members such as beams and columns remain undamaged. To this scope, the structure is designed to assure a collapse mechanism characterized by the activation of all the friction dampers of the beam ends and the formation of plastic hinges at the base of the first storey columns only. From the probabilistic point of view, the random uncertainties are given by the static friction coefficient of the contact surfaces and the preloading of the bolts of the friction dampers as well as the yielding resistance of the steel members. The failure domain is related to all the possible failure events, where the term “failure” concerns the development of an undesired mechanism different from the global one. Generally, the design conditions to prevent undesired collapse mechanisms are stochastic events within the framework of the kinematic theorem of plastic collapse. The limit state function corresponding to each event can be represented by a hyperplane in the space of random variables. Consequently, the failure domain is a surface resulting from the intersection of the hyperplanes corresponding to the limit states of each single failure event. Since dissipative zones (member ends or friction dampers) in the frame members are common to many different mechanisms, the single limit state functions are correlated. Therefore, the probability of failure can be evaluated by means of the Bimodal or Ditlevsen bounds by assuming that the failure events are located in series. The output of the work is a simple relationship which provides the overstrength factor of FREEDAM connections to be considered in the column design phase to account for random material variability thus assuring a given level of reliability in the application of TPMC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 102465"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167473024000365/pdfft?md5=4aaeea824030879c70b75a69c0c556f2&pid=1-s2.0-S0167473024000365-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the derivation of the delta formulation for decision value","authors":"Sebastian Thöns","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper contains decision analytical approaches, conditions and models for the quantification of decision values for built environment systems. Specifically, (1) delta formulations of objective functions for decision value quantification are introduced, (2) conditions for decision value are identified and (3) action value analysis formulations are further developed. The delta objective functions are formulated with differences in utility, cost, and probabilities for consistent decision identification by expected utility and value. The delta formulations facilitate the direct calculation of action and information values and the explication of conditions for a positive decision value. Action value objective functions are derived in delta formulation for the action types of utility and system state actions and with action implementation states and action uncertainty models. The delta formulations are exemplified for predicted information and predicted actions values. The paper closes with a synthesis and discussion of decision values and with findings encompassing a computational effort reduction and the identification of predicted information value mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 102466"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167473024000377/pdfft?md5=c719fb54a4b017ce8ab377079b2dddab&pid=1-s2.0-S0167473024000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GELF: A global error-based learning function for globally optimal adaptive reliability analysis","authors":"Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaolin Song ,&nbsp;Abdollah Shafieezadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kriging has gained significant attention for reliability analysis primarily because of the analytical form of its uncertainty information, which facilitates adaptive training and establishing stopping criteria for the training process. Learning functions play a significant role in both selection of training points and stoppage of the training. For these functions, most existing learning functions evaluate candidate training points individually. However, lack of consideration for the global effects can lead to suboptimal training. In addition, the subjectivity of these stopping criteria may result in over or undertraining of surrogate models. To overcome these gaps, we propose Global Error-based Learning Function (GELF) for optimal refinement of Kriging surrogate models for the specific purpose of reliability analysis. Instead of prioritizing training points based on their uncertainty and proximity to the limit state like the existing learning functions, GELF for the first time directly and analytically associates the maximum error in the failure probability estimate to the global effect of choosing a candidate training point. This development subsequently facilitates an adaptive training scheme that minimizes the error in adaptive reliability estimation to the highest degree. For this purpose, GELF uses hypothetical future uncertainty information by treating the current construction of the surrogate model as a generative model. The proposed method is tested on three classic benchmark problems and one practical engineering problem. Results indicate that the proposed method has significantly better computational efficiency than the state-of-the-art methods while achieving high accuracy in all the numerical examples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 102464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167473024000353/pdfft?md5=318812f372fbadc61cb65870999eed63&pid=1-s2.0-S0167473024000353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Johan Spross","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 102455"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140062106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On reliability assessment of existing structures","authors":"Dimitris Diamantidis ,&nbsp;Peter Tanner ,&nbsp;Milan Holicky ,&nbsp;Henrik O. Madsen ,&nbsp;Miroslav Sykora","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This contribution discusses the reliability assessment of existing structures emphasizing on developments within or initiated by the JCSS. After a bibliographical review, the principles of reliability updating, i.e. Bayesian updating of random variables and updating of event probabilities are summarized. Developments in standards and established verification formats—partial factor or load and resistance factor, reliability-based, and risk-informed—are briefly presented and discussed. The impact of JCSS work in recent standards such as ISO 13822, the draft Eurocode prEN1990-2, and the <em>fib</em> Model Code 2020 as well as in national standards is highlighted. Criteria for defining target reliabilities for existing structures including human safety and optimization are critically reviewed. Obstacles for a wider implementation of reliability-based and risk-informed methods in practice are identified and conclusions for future developments are drawn. Finally, Annex A illustrates updating procedures for resistance variables and Annex B presents a case study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life safety in the Reliability-Based design and assessment of structures","authors":"Mahesh Pandey ,&nbsp;Celeste Viljoen ,&nbsp;Andrew Way ,&nbsp;Katharina Fischer ,&nbsp;Miroslav Sýkora ,&nbsp;Dimitris Diamantidis ,&nbsp;Raphaël D.J.M. Steenbergen ,&nbsp;Niels Lind ,&nbsp;Dan M. Frangopol ,&nbsp;David Y. Yang ,&nbsp;Johan V. Retief ,&nbsp;João André ,&nbsp;Jatin Nathwani ,&nbsp;Roman Lenner","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review the developments in life safety and the incorporation thereof in the design and assessment of structures over the last 50 years. Various measures of life safety are presented that have been developed according to the marginal life saving cost principle based on individual, societal and economic considerations. Target probabilities of failure, or target reliabilities, are central to modern structural design and assessment. These are derived either through back-calibration to existing practice or through life cycle cost minimisation, both of which yield comparable safety levels, and are underpinned by lower bounds from life safety. Life cycle cost minimisation is reviewed here, which considers all direct and indirect costs of failure including loss of life and limb, as well as the costs and efficiency of increasing reliability. We discuss the incorporation of life safety into reliability-based design and assessment through the concept of the Life Quality Index, which uses key societal indicators, namely, the GDP and life expectancy, and health economics as a basis for specifying minimum reliabilities for both new and existing structures. The current state of advancement of reliability- and risk-informed design, and recommendations for future developments in life safety are considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102453"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eurocode-compliant system-level reliability analyses of trussed portal frames under climatic loads","authors":"Lauri Jaamala ,&nbsp;Henna Hietikko-Kaukola ,&nbsp;Kristo Mela ,&nbsp;Juha Tulonen ,&nbsp;Anssi Hyvärinen","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eurocode 3 provides <strong>G</strong>eometrically and <strong>M</strong>aterially <strong>N</strong>onlinear <strong>A</strong>nalysis with <strong>I</strong>mperfections-method (GMNIA) in which the entire structure can be designed in system-level. In GMNIA, reliability of structural system is verified by using a system safety factor which is obtained in Eurocode 3 based on numerical or experimental capacity test results. Unfortunately, such test results are scarcely published in the literature thus complicating the determination of the factor for a design engineer. In the so-called Direct Design Method, however, system safety factors are provided in advance for the design engineer by system-level reliability studies. This study determines the Eurocode-compliant GMNIA system safety factor for Warren truss portal frames by using the approach of the Direct Design Method. Advanced numerical models are utilized to perform Monte Carlo-simulations for entire structural systems. These simulations provide statistical distributions of system resistances which are employed in the First-Order Reliability Method to derive the system safety factors. Studied structures are made of S700 cold-formed hollow sections. Various system geometries, system configurations and load combinations consisting of snow and wind loads are investigated and a suitable system safety factor is proposed for the ultimate limit state design of Warren truss portal frames. The proposed system safety factor is applied in a practical comparison in which Warren system is designed both by the conventional Eurocode 3 method and GMNIA. This comparison reveals that GMNIA has a remarkable potential to offer reduced material consumption in design compared to the conventional method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167473024000225/pdfft?md5=b59d0cbe447a44d4e72132efbdc11a98&pid=1-s2.0-S0167473024000225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving toward resilience and sustainability in the built environment","authors":"Mauricio Sánchez-Silva ,&nbsp;Paolo Gardoni ,&nbsp;Dimitri V. Val ,&nbsp;David Y. Yang ,&nbsp;Dan M. Frangopol ,&nbsp;Maria Pina Limongelli ,&nbsp;Daniel Honfi ,&nbsp;Nayled Acuña ,&nbsp;Daniel Straub","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing and managing infrastructure requires considering the system's physical performance and operational, financial, social, environmental, and managerial aspects. These aspects interact in a dynamic environment that evolves and changes continuously. Changes in demand, socio-economic pressures, and the increasing frequency and intensity of natural events – exacerbated by climate change – make resilience and sustainability essential for the built environment's current and future performance. Sustainable infrastructures add value to society and maintain social equity and justice through time. To achieve this, it is necessary to consider socio-economic as well as environmental aspects. On the other hand, resilience focuses on recovery in case of a damaging event, a critical property that minimizes functionality disruptions. This paper presents a conceptual discussion about the role of resilience and sustainability in relationship with infrastructure and the built environment's design and operation. It provides insight into risk-informed decision-making for evolving infrastructure systems, and change based on a systems-thinking approach. These concepts are central to the built environment's safe and responsible evolution and growth. In the end, the paper identifies challenges and proposes future research paths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139885326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of high-rise buildings using database-assisted design approach","authors":"Dikshant Saini,&nbsp;Bahareh Dokhaei,&nbsp;Behrouz Shafei,&nbsp;Alice Alipour","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, performance-based design (PBD) has gained attention and is sought to be the benchmark approach in the field of wind engineering. While the concept of performance-based design is well-accepted in earthquake engineering, it is yet to be embraced for the design of buildings to resist severe wind loads. This paper introduces a framework for the performance-based wind design (PBWD) of tall steel buildings using a time domain analysis that keeps the process of wind effects and the structural design process integrated, transparent, and fully auditable. From the perspective of PBWD, the main objective is to achieve a desirable performance level for a given hazard level, i.e., mean recurrence interval of extreme wind. The wind effects are directly related to the mean annual return of wind through a well-accepted simulation approach. A 180 m tall standard CAARC building is used for the case study to illustrate the proposed methodology. The wind load time histories are determined using the pressure tap data on exterior faces of the building measured in the wind tunnel. With the calculated wind loads, nonlinear dynamic analysis is conducted with various wind directions and mean wind speeds based on database-assisted design (DAD) approach. The key performance measures such as demand-to-capacity indices, inter-story drift, damage deformation index, and floor accelerations are calculated as a function of wind directions and mean wind speed. The obtained responses are used in conjunction with a local wind climatological database to determine the extreme wind effects for any specific mean recurrence interval. The performance of the steel building is evaluated for three performance criteria, including occupant comfort, operational, and continuous occupancy. The conducted performance assessment reveals that building fails to satisfy the serviceability requirement of drifts. However, the building satisfies the requirements for the occupant comfort and operational performance levels for strength design, while it also satisfies the continuous occupancy, limited interruption in Risk category II. The result reveals that the proposed framework provides realistic assessment of performance of the building incorporating the wind directionality and return period of the wind speeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 102447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models and methods for probabilistic safety assessment of steel structures subject to fatigue","authors":"Johan Maljaars ,&nbsp;John Leander ,&nbsp;Alain Nussbaumer ,&nbsp;John Daalsgaard Sørensen ,&nbsp;Daniel Straub","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review of the state of the art in probabilistic modelling for fatigue reliability of civil engineering and offshore structures. The modelling of randomness and uncertainty in fatigue resistance and fatigue load variables are presented in some detail. This is followed by a review of the specifics of reliability analysis for fatigue limit states and a background on the semi-probabilistic treatment of fatigue safety. We discuss the different life-cycle reliability concepts and give an overview on probabilistic inspection planning. We describe the choices made in the Probabilistic Model Code of the Joint Committee of Structural Safety, present alternatives to these choices and suggest areas of future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102446"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}