Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Joining in with the Goings on: Knotting Threads in a Corresponsive Physiotherapy.","authors":"Martijn Lips","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02516-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-026-02516-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards High-Accuracy Athletic Injury Predictions Using a First-Principles Modelling Approach: Theory to (Future) Practice.","authors":"Judd T Kalkhoven, Franco M Impellizzeri, Dean L Norris, W Brent Edwards","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02435-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02435-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Athletic injury has previously been defined as tissue damage or other derangement of normal physical function due to participation in sports, resulting from rapid or repetitive transfer of kinetic energy. Alternatively, athletic injury has also been described as occurring when the stresses and strains experienced by a tissue result in damage severe enough to be considered an athletic injury. In mechanical models quantifying damage and the accumulation of damage over time, damage is commonly represented using a damage variable (D) ranging between 0 and 1, where D = 0 corresponds to an undamaged state and D = 1 corresponds to complete mechanical failure. Adopting this approach, a mathematically deterministic definition for athletic injury can be established, allowing precise predictions of athletic injury occurrence in mathematical models. Specifically, an athletic injury can be mathematically defined as occurring when the damage (D) experienced by a tissue exceeds a critical damage threshold (D_c), that is, D > D_c, with complete tissue failure occurring at a damage variable of 1. Alternatively, athletic injury can also be mathematically defined as an applied mechanical load (L) exceeding a critical tissue strength threshold (S_c), that is, L > S_c, with complete tissue failure occurring when L > failure strength (S_f). While determinism is valuable for establishing a precise definition of athletic injury for mathematical models, in practice, probabilistic models are needed to account for the inherent variability and uncertainty in estimating the primary variables determining athletic injury outcomes. By examining the overlap of probability density functions of tissue load and strength estimations, or the probability that D > D_c, the probability of an athletic injury occurring can be appropriately quantified. However, to offer practical utility for the prevention of athletic injuries in real-world settings, athletic injury predictions must provide sufficient windows for intervention. For injuries involving sudden unanticipated loads that exceed the possible physiological ranges of tissue strength, this method of athletic injury risk assessment may be of little value, as there is no window of opportunity for intervention. In scenarios where future loads experienced by an athlete can be estimated, tissue damage accumulates over time, or tissue load and strength values converge over time, actualising this approach by obtaining accurate estimations of these variables is likely crucial for achieving high-accuracy athletic injury predictions that offer specific data-driven windows for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1899-1919"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Comment on \"The Practical Value of Bayesian Inference in Describing the Epidemiology of Sports Injuries\".","authors":"Avinash Chandran, Ben Clarsen, Ian Varley, Karim Khan, Stephen W Marshall, Roald Bahr","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02460-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02460-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2071-2073"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Potential Sleeping Giant of Sport Performance and Health?","authors":"Matthew Driller, Alan J Pearce, Nicole Lovato","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02427-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02427-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1877-1880"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"The Practical Value of Bayesian Inference in Describing the Epidemiology of Sports Injuries\".","authors":"Robert Rein, Simon Nolte, Matthew Schofield","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02461-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02461-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2067-2069"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary Artery Disease in Masters Athletes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Shaqira Gill, Kabir Singh, Nikos Malliaropoulos, Evangelia Kouidi","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02429-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02429-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite undertaking large volumes of structured exercise training, evidence suggests that masters athletes (MAs) remain susceptible to coronary artery disease (CAD). This review evaluated the prevalence and nature of CAD in MAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched on 23 November 2024, from 1 January 2000. MAs were defined as apparently healthy individuals aged ≥ 35 years with an exercise training history indicative of regular engagement in sporting activity. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess study quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies reporting various measures of CAD in 2749 MAs (2127 male, 622 female) were included. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was present in a significant proportion, with 565 MAs scoring > 0, and 179 and 43 MAs exceeding thresholds of > 100 and > 400, respectively. Evidence of plaque was detected in at least 458 MAs. This was predominantly calcified in the majority of cases. Obstructive disease (> 50% stenosis) was also identified in at least 51 MAs. Conventional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes were prevalent in this population.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Clinical and methodological heterogeneity made it challenging to perform accurate quantitative analyses. However, our data reiterate that MAs are not invulnerable to CAD. Long-term and high-intensity endurance training may be associated with changes that predispose to atherosclerotic disease. Female MAs, and those from low- and middle-income countries, are markedly underrepresented in literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A more individualised approach to CV risk assessment may be warranted in the future to guide early CAD detection and subsequent management.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO 2024 CRD42024607539.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1979-1999"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147959392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Under Pressure in Sport: A Position Statement from Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA).","authors":"Matthew J Schweickle, Renee N Appaneal, Patricia C Jackman, Clare L Minahan, Gene M Moyle, Craig Pickering, Damien Stewart, Stewart A Vella, Christian Swann","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02472-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02472-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supporting performance under pressure is important to many roles in the sporting sector, including Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) Accredited Sport Scientists and Accredited High Performance Managers. This position statement on behalf of ESSA aims to support practitioners whose responsibilities include facilitating athletes' performance under pressure. To achieve this aim, we synthesised relevant systematic reviews, and theoretical and empirical publications, regarding supporting performance under pressure in sport. Specifically, we focused on translating the scientific literature regarding the different sources of pressure athletes may experience, how athletes may respond to this pressure, the different strategies that may be used to support performance under pressure and considerations for how performance under pressure may be evaluated. This position statement highlights that pressure can have both facilitative and debilitative effects on athlete performance. Training environments offering implicit learning opportunities and effective utilisation of pressure training can prepare athletes for performing well under pressure. A range of evidence-based psychological strategies can be utilised when performing under pressure, including: (1) pre-performance routines, (2) implicit attentional strategies, (3) psychological skills training and (4) mindfulness-based approaches. Suggestions are provided for how to appropriately select and implement different strategies depending on sport type or context. Drawing on a systems-led approach, performance teams can collectively work together to support athlete performance under pressure in an integrated manner. This position statement concludes with eight overarching recommendations to support performance under pressure. These recommendations are contextually specific to key stakeholder groups, such as the organisation, performance team members and sports researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1851-1867"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One of These Things Is Not Like the Others: Disentangling the Concepts of Range of Motion Versus Flexibility, and Flexibility Training Versus Stretching.","authors":"José Afonso, Anthony J Blazevich, David George Behm, Markus Tilp, Konstantin Warneke","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02425-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02425-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Current Opinion, we revisit key terminological distinctions in sports sciences, emphasizing the implications of conflating related but distinct concepts, particularly range of motion (ROM) versus flexibility and flexibility training versus stretching. While often used interchangeably, these terms represent nuanced constructs with distinct physiological and practical implications. ROM encompasses both modifiable (e.g., soft tissue extensibility, neural control) and non-modifiable factors (e.g., bone structure), whereas flexibility is only one of several trainable components of ROM, largely referring to the extensibility of periarticular soft tissues. Misunderstanding these distinctions risks erroneous assessments and inappropriate exercise prescriptions. We also challenge the common practice of equating flexibility training with stretching. While stretching is effective to enhance flexibility, other methods, such as strength training at long muscle lengths and foam rolling, produce comparable chronic ROM gains. Furthermore, stretching has a diverse array of effects that extend beyond flexibility, including strength development and neural modulation. Mischaracterizing flexibility training as synonymous with stretching perpetuates myths and constrains innovation in training practices. By differentiating these terms, we advocate for clearer language in research and practice to avoid miscommunication and ensure effective training interventions. In summary, we propose that flexibility is only one component of ROM, and that flexibility training and stretching should not be equated. We hope this Current Opinion paper generates a healthy discussion within the sports science and medicine communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1869-1875"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"35 Years of Joyner's Endurance Performance Model: Assessing the Contribution of Physiological Determinants of Performance Proxies in 888 Individuals from Recreational to World Class.","authors":"Loïs Mougin, Stephen J Bailey, Andrew M Jones, Michael J Joyner, Stephen A Mears, Rhona Pearce, Michele Zanini","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02439-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02439-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endurance performance is predicted by maximal oxygen uptake, its fractional utilisation at lactate threshold (FU_LT) and exercise economy. These variables are used to estimate speed or power at lactate threshold (LT) and lactate turnpoint (LTP), which serve as performance proxies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the relationships between these variables in a large cohort of runners and cyclists and quantified their relative contributions to performance prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>495 runners (105 females) and 393 cyclists (42 females) completed incremental exercise tests to determine maximal oxygen uptake (running [R]: 56 mL/kg/min, 3.94 L/min; cycling [C]: 52 mL/kg/min, 3.99 L/min), economy (R: 220 mL/kg/km; C: 14.7 mL/min/W), FU_LT (R: 78%; C: 70%), FU_LTP (R: 88%; C: 84%), and speed or power at LT (R: 12.0 km/h; C: 190 W) and LTP (R: 13.9 km/h; C: 240 W). Single and multiple linear regression models were used to examine the relationship and relative contribution of physiological determinants to performance proxies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speed or power at LT and LTP correlated strongly and positively with maximal oxygen uptake (R² = 0.65-0.77; P < 0.001), and inversely with economy (R² = 0.24-0.26; P < 0.001). In contrast, trivial relationships were observed with FU_LT (R² ≤ 0.04; P = 0.01-0.05) or FU_LTP (R² ≤ 0.01; P = 0.01-0.09). Regression models estimating LT and LTP from physiological determinants showed very strong agreement with measured performance proxies (R² = 0.94-0.99; P < 0.001), indicating consistency in their relative contribution to performance proxies. Maximal oxygen uptake contributed most to performance proxies (65-76%) followed by running economy (20-24%), with marginal contributions from FU_LT or FU_LTP (4-11%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that maximal oxygen uptake and economy collectively predict ~ 95% of speed or power at LT and LTP, and by extension performance, whilst the contribution of FU_LT or FU_LTP is limited in populations with heterogeneous characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2047-2065"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumented Mouthguards in Women's Rugby League: Quantifying the Incidence and Probability of Head Acceleration Events at Group and Individual Levels.","authors":"James Tooby, Sean Scantlebury, Cameron Owen, Mily Spiegelhalter, Kathryn Dane, Carolyn A Emery, Matthew Kitchin, Gemma Phillips, Thomas Sawczuk, Isla Shill, Kevin Till, Dane Vishnubala, Ben Jones","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02420-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02420-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head acceleration event (HAE) exposure is a concern in sport owing to potential effects on brain health. Despite growth in the sport's growing in popularity, HAE exposure in women's rugby league has yet to be quantified.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to examine HAE incidence and probability across Women's Super League rugby league players, including position- and player-specific HAE incidence and probability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) were worn by 136 players during the 2024 season, across 48 video-analysed matches, resulting in 568 player matches with iMG data. The incidence of HAEs and the probability of HAEs from ball-carries and tackle attempts were estimated using generalised linear mixed models and average positions on an individual-player basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average incidence of HAEs exceeding 25 g ranged from 0.40 to 0.65 per median playing time for back positions and 0.54 to 0.66 for forward positions. The probability of recording an HAE exceeding 25 g during a ball-carry was 1.33% and a tackle-attempt was 1.28%. Some individuals had higher HAE incidence and probability compared with position group means (e.g. one player exhibited an average of 1.77 HAEs exceeding 25 g per match, over double the average for their position).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study quantifies HAE incidence and probability in women's rugby league match-play, allowing for the comparison of HAE exposure with other sports. Overall, HAE incidence is lower than previously reported for men's rugby league and for women's rugby union. However, given elevated HAE incidence in some players, continued HAE monitoring using iMGs is necessary for managing the potential risks of HAE exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2017-2028"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}