Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Method to Predict Carbohydrate and Energy Expenditure During Endurance Exercise Using Measures of Training Load","authors":"Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Stuart Hofmeyr, Shaun J. McLaren, Ed Maunder","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02131-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02131-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Sports nutrition guidelines recommend carbohydrate (CHO) intake be individualized to the athlete and modulated according to changes in training load. However, there are limited methods to assess CHO utilization during training sessions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to (1) quantify bivariate relationships between both CHO and overall energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and commonly used, non-invasive measures of training load across sessions of varying duration and intensity and (2) build and evaluate prediction models to estimate CHO utilization and EE with the same training load measures and easily quantified individual factors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study was undertaken in two parts: a primary study, where participants performed four different laboratory-based cycle training sessions, and a validation study where different participants performed a single laboratory-based training session using one of three exercise modalities (cycling, running, or kayaking). The primary study included 15 cyclists (five female; maximal oxygen consumption [<span>(dot{V})</span>O<sub>2</sub>max], 51.9 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min), the validation study included 21 cyclists (seven female; <span>(dot{V})</span>O<sub>2</sub>max 53.5 ± 11.0 mL/kg/min), 20 runners (six female; <span>(dot{V})</span>O<sub>2</sub>max 57.5 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min), and 18 kayakers (five female; <span>(dot{V})</span>O<sub>2</sub>max 45.6 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min). Training sessions were quantified using six training load metrics: two using heart rate, three using power, and one using perceived exertion. Carbohydrate use and EE were determined separately for aerobic (gas exchange) and anaerobic (net lactate accumulation, body mass, and O<sub>2</sub> lactate equivalent method) energy systems and summed. Repeated-measures correlations were used to examine relationships between training load and both CHO utilization and EE. General estimating equations were used to model CHO utilization and EE, using training load alongside measures of fitness and sex. Models were built in the primary study and tested in the validation study. Model performance is reported as the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) and mean absolute error, with measures of calibration used for model evaluation and for sport-specific model re-calibration.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Very-large to near-perfect within-subject correlations (<i>r</i> = 0.76–0.96) were evident between all training load metrics and both CHO utilization and EE. In the primary study, all models explained a large amount of variance (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.77–0.96) and displayed good accuracy (mean absolute error; CHO = 16–21 g [10–14%], EE = 53–82 kcal [7–11%]). In the validation study, the mean absolute error ranged from 16–50 g [15–45%] for CHO models to 53–182 kcal [9–31%] for EE models. The calibrated me","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in over 6500 Humans-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Alan M Nevill, Matthew Wyon","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02093-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02093-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2965-2967"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Nutrition Intervention on the P1NP and CTX-1 Response to an Acute Exercise Bout: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Eimear Dolan, Alina Dumas, Gabriel Perri Esteves, Leticia Lopes Takarabe, Luisa Alves Mendonça Perfeito, Karen M Keane, Bruno Gualano, George A Kelley, Louise Burke, Craig Sale, Paul A Swinton","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02087-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02087-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although nutrition and exercise both influence bone metabolism, little is currently known about their interaction, or whether nutritional intervention can modulate the bone biomarker response to acute exercise. Improved understanding of the relationships between nutrition, exercise and bone metabolism may have substantial potential to inform nutritional interventions to protect the bone health of exercising individuals, and to elucidate mechanisms by which exercise and nutrition influence bone.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to synthesise available evidence related to the influence of nutrition on the response of the bone biomarkers procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) to acute exercise, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies evaluating the influence of nutritional status or intervention on the bone biomarker response to an acute exercise bout were included and separated into four categories: (1) feeding status and energy availability, (2) macronutrients, (3) micronutrients and (4) other. Studies conducted on healthy human populations of any age or training status were included. Meta-analysis was conducted when data from at least five studies with independent datasets were available. In the case of insufficient data to warrant meta-analysis, results from individual studies were narratively synthesised and standardised mean effect sizes visually represented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two articles were included. Of these, three investigated feeding status or energy availability, eight macronutrients, eight micronutrients (all calcium) and six other interventions including dairy products or collagen supplementation. Three studies had more than one intervention and were included in all relevant outcomes. The largest and most commonly reported effects were for the bone resorption marker CTX-1. Meta-analysis indicated that calcium intake, whether provided via supplements, diet or infusion, reduced exercise-induced increases in CTX-1 (effect size - 1.1; 95% credible interval [CrI] -  2.2 to - 0.05), with substantially larger effects observed in studies that delivered calcium via direct infusion versus in supplements or foods. Narrative synthesis suggests that carbohydrate supplementation may support bone during acute exercise, via reducing exercise-induced increases in CTX-1. Conversely, a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet appears to induce the opposite effect, as evidenced by an increased exercise associated CTX-1 response, and reduced P1NP response. Low energy availability may amplify the CTX-1 response to exercise, but it is unclear whether this is directly attributable to energy availability or to the lack of specific nutrients, such as carbohydrate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutritional intervention can modulate the acute bone biomarker response to exercise, which p","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2889-2906"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences Across Concussion Characteristics in US Service Academy Cadets: A CARE Consortium Study.","authors":"Louise A Kelly, J B Caccese, D Jain, C L Master, L Lempke, A K Memmini, T A Buckley, J R Clugston, A Mozel, J T Eckner, A Susmarski, E Ermer, K L Cameron, S Chrisman, P Pasquina, S P Broglio, T W McAllister, M McCrea, C Esopenko","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02068-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02068-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe sex differences in concussion characteristics in US Service Academy cadets.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Four US service academies.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>2209 cadets (n = 867 females, n = 1342 males).</p><p><strong>Independent variable: </strong>Sex.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>Injury proportion ratios (IPR) compared the proportion of injuries by sex (females referent) for injury situation, certainty of diagnosis, prolonged recovery, recurrent injuries, mental status alterations, loss of consciousness (LOC), posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), retrograde amnesia (RGA), motor impairments, delayed symptom presentation, and immediate reporting.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Concussions from varsity/intercollegiate sports [IPR of 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-2.10] and intramurals (IPR of 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.32) accounted for a larger proportion in males, whereas concussions outside of sport and military activities accounted for a smaller proportion among males (IPR of 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.85). The proportion of concussions with prolonged recovery was lower among males (IPR of 0.69, 95% CI 0.60-0.78), while concussions with altered mental status (IPR of 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.38), LOC (IPR of 1.67, 95% CI 1.17-2.37), PTA (IPR of 1.94, 95% CI 1.43-2.62), and RGA (IPR of 2.14, 95% CI 1.38-3.31) accounted for a larger proportion among males. A larger proportion of concussions that were immediately reported was observed in males (IPR of 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-2.31). Proportions of other characteristics (e.g., recurrent injuries) were not different between sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher proportion of concussions occurred outside of sport and military training for female cadets, who also displayed proportionally longer recovery times than males, despite males demonstrating a higher proportion of LOC, PTA, and RGA. Possible factors may include different mechanisms of injury outside of sport and military training, different biopsychosocial states associated with sex or injury context, and delayed injury reporting when outside of an observed environment, possibly secondary to perceived stigma about reporting injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2955-2964"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keeping Pace with Wearables: A Living Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews Evaluating the Accuracy of Consumer Wearable Technologies in Health Measurement.","authors":"Cailbhe Doherty, Maximus Baldwin, Alison Keogh, Brian Caulfield, Rob Argent","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02077-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02077-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Consumer wearable technologies have become ubiquitous, with clinical and non-clinical populations leveraging a variety of devices to quantify various aspects of health and wellness. However, the accuracy with which these devices measure biometric outcomes such as heart rate, sleep and physical activity remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To conduct a 'living' (i.e. ongoing) evaluation of the accuracy of consumer wearable technologies in measuring various physiological outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the following scientific databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and SPORTDiscus via EBSCO. The inclusion criteria required systematic reviews or meta-analyses that evaluated the validation of consumer wearable devices against accepted reference standards. In addition to publication details, review protocol, device specifics and a summary of the authors' results, we extracted data on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), pooled absolute bias, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and mean absolute differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 904 identified studies through the initial search, 24 systematic reviews met our inclusion criteria; these systematic reviews included 249 non-duplicate validation studies of consumer wearable devices involving 430,465 participants (43% female). Of the commercially available wearable devices released to date, approximately 11% have been validated for at least one biometric outcome. However, because a typical device can measure a multitude of biometric outcomes, the number of validation studies conducted represents just 3.5% of the total needed for a comprehensive evaluation of these devices. For heart rate, wearables showed a mean bias of ± 3%. In arrhythmia detection, wearables exhibited a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95%, respectively. For aerobic capacity, wearables significantly overestimated VO&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt; by ± 15.24% during resting tests and ± 9.83% during exercise tests. Physical activity intensity measurements had a mean absolute error ranging from 29 to 80%, depending on the intensity of the activity being undertaken. Wearables mostly underestimated step counts (mean absolute percentage errors ranging from - 9 to  12%) and energy expenditure (mean bias =  - 3 kcal per minute, or - 3%, with error ranging from - 21.27 to 14.76%). For blood oxygen saturation, wearables showed a mean absolute difference of up to 2.0%. Sleep measurement showed a tendency to overestimate total sleep time (mean absolute percentage error typically &gt; 10%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;While consumer wearables show promise in health monitoring, a conclusive assessment of their accuracy is impeded by pervasive heterogeneity in research outcomes and methodologies. There is a need for standardised validation protocols and collaborative industry partnerships to enhance the reliabilit","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2907-2926"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Menstrual Health Manager (MHM): A Resource to Reduce Discrepancies Between Science and Practice in Sport and Exercise.","authors":"Claire E Badenhorst","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02061-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02061-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inadequate research on female health and performance; the complexity of the research; low menstrual health literacy of athletes, coaches, and support staff; and ethical and cultural sensitivities are all recognized as barriers to effective health monitoring for females in sports. Frameworks have been developed for academics to follow to help improve the quality of female-specific research. However, a similar resource that enables correct terminology, and use of health monitoring techniques has not been provided for sporting organizations, coaches, support staff or athletes. Therefore, this critical commentary presents a new resource, the Menstrual Health Manager. This resource may be used to determine the level of menstrual health monitoring detail that may be used by organisations, coaches or athletes, and specifies what reproductive health details the data will provide. This resource aims to provide organizations and coaches with a means of understanding the data that inform their decisions for female athletes. Utilization of this resource may aid in the consistent use of terminology and methods for female-specific health monitoring in both sports and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2725-2741"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Wearable Photoplethysmogram-Based Heart Rate Variability Measures Equivalent to Electrocardiogram? A Simulation Study.","authors":"Hayden G Dewig, Jeremy N Cohen, Eric J Renaghan, Miriam E Leary, Brian K Leary, Jason S Au, Matthew S Tenan","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02066-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02066-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional electrocardiography (ECG)-derived heart rate variability (HRV) and photoplethysmography (PPG)-derived \"HRV\" (termed PRV) have been reported interchangeably. Any potential dissociation between HRV and PRV could be due to the variability in pulse arrival time (PAT; time between heartbeat and peripheral pulse).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined if PRV is equivalent to ECG-derived HRV and if PRV's innate error makes it a high-quality measurement separate from HRV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ECG data from 1084 subjects were obtained from the PhysioNet Autonomic Aging dataset, and individual PAT dispersions for both the wrist (n = 42) and finger (n = 49) were derived from Mol et al. (Exp Gerontol. 2020; 135: 110938). A Bayesian simulation was constructed whereby the individual arrival times of the PPG wave were calculated by placing a Gaussian prior on the individual QRS-wave timings of each ECG series. The standard deviation (σ) of the prior corresponds to the PAT dispersion from Mol et al. This was simulated 10,000 times for each PAT σ. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) were calculated for both HRV and PRV. The Region of Practical Equivalence bounds (ROPE) were set a priori at ± 0.2% of true HRV. The highest density interval (HDI) width, encompassing 95% of the posterior distribution, was calculated for each PAT σ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lowest PAT σ (2.0 SD) corresponded to 88.4% within ROPE for SDNN and 21.4% for RMSSD. As the σ of PAT increases, the equivalence of PRV and HRV decreases for both SDNN and RMSSD. The HDI interval width increases with increasing PAT σ, with the HDI width increasing at a higher rate for RMSSD than SDNN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For individuals with greater PAT variability, PRV is not a surrogate for HRV. When considering PRV as a unique biometric measure, SDNN may have more favorable measurement properties than RMSSD, though both exhibit a non-uniform measurement error.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2927-2934"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Session Models in Endurance Sports: A Norwegian Perspective on Best Practice Recommendations.","authors":"Espen Tønnessen, Øyvind Sandbakk, Silvana Bucher Sandbakk, Stephen Seiler, Thomas Haugen","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02067-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02067-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our scientific understanding of the mechanistic and practical connections between training session prescriptions, their execution by athletes, and adaptations over time in elite endurance sports remains limited. These connections are fundamental to the art and science of coaching.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>By using successful Norwegian endurance coaches as key informants, the aim of this study is to describe and compare best practice session models across different exercise intensities in Olympic endurance sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection was based on a four-step pragmatic qualitative study design, involving questionnaires, training logs from successful athletes, and in-depth and semi-structured interviews, followed by negotiation among researchers and coaches to assure our interpretations. Twelve successful and experienced male Norwegian coaches from biathlon, cross-country skiing, long-distance running, road cycling, rowing, speed skating, swimming, and triathlon were chosen as key informants. They had been responsible for the training of world-class endurance athletes who altogether have won > 370 medals in international championships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of low-intensity training (LIT) sessions ranges from 30 min to 7 h across sports, mainly due to modality-specific constraints and load tolerance considerations. Cross-training accounts for a considerable part of LIT sessions in several sports. Moderate (MIT)- and high-intensity training (HIT) sessions are mainly conducted as intervals in specific modalities, but competitions also account for a large proportion of annual HIT in most sports. Interval sessions are characterized by a high accumulated volume, a progressive increase in intensity throughout the session, and a controlled, rather than exhaustive, execution approach. A clear trend towards shorter intervals and lower work: rest ratio with increasing intensity was observed. Overall, the analyzed sports implement considerably more MIT than HIT sessions across the annual cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides novel insights on quantitative and qualitative aspects of training session models across intensities employed by successful athletes in Olympic endurance sports. The interval training sessions revealed in this study are generally more voluminous, more controlled, and less exhaustive than most previous recommendations outlined in research literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2935-2953"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Cognitive Demands and Biomechanical Indicators Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review","authors":"Jesús Jiménez-Martínez, Alejandro Gutiérrez-Capote, Francisco Alarcón-López, Anthony Leicht, David Cárdenas-Vélez","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02124-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02124-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during contact sports has a high incidence that has not been reduced despite the immense resources devoted to understanding its aetiology. A neurocognitive approach could increase knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to ACL injury enabling practitioners to address and minimise future risk.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>To systematically review the influence of manipulating cognitive demands during motor tasks (i.e. degree of uncertainty) on biomechanical variables associated with ACL injury risk.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by searching the major sporting electronic databases. The search strategy included four groups of terms and was conducted by two authors independently. All studies were screened using unique inclusion criteria, with the included studies assessed for risk of bias.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Twenty-five studies were identified from 2031 records and included into the review process. During the experimental conditions where cognitive demands were higher, most biomechanical indicators associated with a greater risk of ACL injury during landing and cutting tasks were significantly enhanced compared with conditions with low or no cognitive demands.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>An increase in task complexity through cognitive load significantly leads to changes in mechanisms associated with ACL injury during single-leg landings and cutting movements. Consequently, coaches and exercise professionals should consider inclusion of dual-task paradigms or uncertainty during injury risk assessment scenarios and injury prevention programs to help identify athletes at risk of ACL injury and reduce ACL injury frequency.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Registration</h3><p>This protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) in May 2022, with the registration number CRD42022315795.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comment on \"Premature Death in Bodybuilders: What Do We Know?\"","authors":"James M Smoliga,Zachary Taggart Wilber,Brooks Taylor Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02118-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02118-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}