Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of High-Intensity Interval Training Influence Anthropometrics, Glycemic Control, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Edgardo Opazo-Díaz, Adrián Montes-de-Oca-García, Alejandro Galán-Mercant, Alberto Marín-Galindo, Juan Corral-Pérez, Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02114-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02114-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Despite diverse exercise protocol variations, the impact of these variations in HIIT on T2DM anthropometrics, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to examine the influence of HIIT protocol characteristics on anthropometrics, glycemic control, and CRF in T2DM patients and compare it to control (without exercise) and MICT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281398) and follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search, employing \"high-intensity interval training\" and \"diabetes mellitus\" in PubMed and Web of Science databases, with a \"randomized controlled trial\" filter, spanned articles up to January 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 190 records, 29 trials were included, categorized by HIIT interval duration, training volume, and intervention period. Long-duration, high-volume, and long-term HIIT yields superior outcomes compared to control conditions for body mass, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), and CRF. The findings favored HIIT over MICT for body mass in long-duration, high-volume, and short-term intervals (mean difference [MD] - 3.45, - 3.13, and - 5.42, respectively, all p < 0.05) and for CRF in long and medium work intervals and high volume (MD 1.91, 2.55, and 2.43, respectively, all p < 0.05), as well as in medium and long-term intervention (MD 2.66 and 2.21, respectively, all p < 0.05). Regardless of specific HIIT characteristics, no differences were found in the HIIT versus MICT comparison for glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific HIIT protocol characteristics influence changes in anthropometrics, glycemic control, and CRF compared to control groups. However, compared to MICT, only longer duration, higher volume, and short-term HIIT improved body mass, waist circumference, and CRF in individuals with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3127-3149"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard Deviation of Individual Response for VO_2max Following Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"John R M Renwick, Nicholas Preobrazenski, Zeyu Wu, Ava Khansari, Matisse A LeBouedec, Jared M G Nuttall, Kyra R Bancroft, Nia Simpson-Stairs, Paul A Swinton, Brendon J Gurd","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although numerous attempts to demonstrate inter-individual differences in trainability across various outcomes have been unsuccessful, the investigation of maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) trainability warrants further study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate inter-individual differences in VO_2max trainability across aerobic exercise training protocols utilizing non-exercising comparator groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature search across three databases: EMBASE, PubMed and SCOPUS. The search strategy incorporated two main concepts: aerobic exercise training and VO_2max. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, reported absolute or relative VO_2max, included a non-exercise comparator group, reported VO_2max change scores for non-exercise and exercise groups and provided the standard deviation (SD) of change for all groups. We calculated the SD of individual response (SD_IR) to estimate the presence of inter-individual differences in trainability across all studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature search generated 32,968 studies, 24 of which were included in the final analysis. Our findings indicated that (1) the majority of variation in observed change scores following an intervention is due to measurement error, (2) calculating SD_IR within a single study would not yield sufficient accuracy of SD_IR due to generally small sample sizes and (3) meta-analysis of <math><msubsup><mtext>SD</mtext> <mrow><mtext>IR</mtext></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math> across studies does not provide strong evidence for a positive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated that there is not strong evidence supporting the existence of VO_2max trainability across single interventions. As such, it appears unlikely that clinically relevant predictors of VO_2max response will be discovered. Registration can be found online ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X9VU3 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3069-3080"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sedentary Behaviors on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Myles W O'Brien, Madeline E Shivgulam, Angélica Huerta Domínguez, Haoxuan Liu, Jocelyn Waghorn, Molly Courish, Jorge Tovar-Díaz","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02099-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02099-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of mortality in the western world, and high blood pressure is among the greatest risk factors for CVD. Given that most of a person's waking hours are spent in sedentary behaviors, understanding the cardiovascular impact of a sedentary lifestyle is imperative. Although limiting sedentary time is encouraged in public health messaging, individual reviews analyzing its impact on clinically relevant cardiovascular outcomes such as blood pressure and CVD exhibit conflicting results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesizing the effects of sedentary time/behaviors on blood pressure or CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To be included, studies had to be a systematic review and/or meta-analysis that studied the impact of sedentary time or a sedentary posture on blood pressure or CVD incidence/mortality. The review was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD4202342568) and conducted in May 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute and Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tools assessed study quality. PRISMA reporting was followed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our umbrella review screened 2215 citations with 40 review studies meeting our inclusion criteria (n = 22 meta-analyses) that included 234 unique individual studies of 3,769,755 unique participants. The average study quality was high (9.2 ± 1.7 out of 11). A minority of studies (n = 7/20) supported that less sedentary time was associated with lower blood pressure, with reviews of interventional studies typically not observing a consistent effect (n = 9/12), whereas reviews of cross-sectional studies observed a positive effect (n = 5/7). When hypertension rates were used as the outcome, most (n = 3/4) studies observed a deleterious impact of sedentary time. For CVD incidence/mortality, less sedentary time or screen time was consistently associated with a lower CVD incidence/mortality (n = 17/23), with studies exhibiting a null effect generally including small sample sizes and being of a lower study quality. Total sedentary time and specific behaviors (i.e., television and screen time) exhibited similar findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on a high quality of evidence and large sample size, existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrate the negative impact of sedentary behaviors on CVD incidence/mortality, with conflicting reports for blood pressure that vary based on the study design.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3097-3110"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Assessment and Intervention at the Boston Marathon.","authors":"Jeffrey L Brown, Robert Raeder, Chris Troyanos, K Sophia Dyer","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02116-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02116-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Boston Marathon is a highly regarded event in the running world, not just for its prestige and challenging course, but also for its implementation of a psychology team to support runners. The 2013 Boston Marathon bombings underscored the essential role that mental health support plays at this event, prompting the development and expansion of its innovative care model. This review critically outlines, evaluates, and analyzes the approach and effectiveness of the psychological care model provided to runners on race day as part of the Boston Marathon medical team, including the standard of care, how it functions, and best practices for other marathons. The implications for this review contribute to the increasing trend of providing psychological care in marathon and other athletic settings, and to provide a framework for standardizing assessment and intervention procedures for both elite and novice runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2979-2991"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Training Intensity Distribution of Marathon Runners Across Performance Levels","authors":"Daniel Muniz-Pumares, Ben Hunter, Samuel Meyler, Ed Maunder, Barry Smyth","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02137-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02137-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The training characteristics and training intensity distribution (TID) of elite athletes have been extensively studied, but a comprehensive analysis of the TID across runners from different performance levels is lacking.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Training sessions from the 16 weeks preceding 151,813 marathons completed by 119,452 runners were analysed. The TID was quantified using a three-zone approach (Z1, Z2 and Z3), where critical speed defined the boundary between Z2 and Z3, and the transition between Z1 and Z2 was assumed to occur at 82.3% of critical speed. Training characteristics and TID were reported based on marathon finish time.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Training volume across all runners was 45.1 ± 26.4 km·week⁻¹, but the fastest runners within the dataset (marathon time 120–150 min) accumulated &gt; three times more volume than slower runners. The amount of training time completed in Z2 and Z3 running remained relatively stable across performance levels, but the proportion of Z1 was higher in progressively faster groups. The most common TID approach was pyramidal, adopted by &gt; 80% of runners with the fastest marathon times. There were strong, negative correlations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, <i>R</i>² ≥ 0.90) between marathon time and markers of training volume, and the proportion of training volume completed in Z1. However, the proportions of training completed in Z2 and Z3 were correlated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, <i>R</i>² ≥ 0.85) with slower marathon times.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The fastest runners in this dataset featured large training volumes, achieved primarily by increasing training volume in Z1. Marathon runners adopted a pyramidal TID approach, and the prevalence of pyramidal TID increased in the fastest runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Respiratory Compensation Point: Mechanisms and Relation to the Maximal Metabolic Steady State.","authors":"Daniel A Keir, Silvia Pogliaghi, Erin Calaine Inglis, Juan M Murias, Danilo Iannetta","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At a point during the latter third of an incremental exercise protocol, ventilation begins to exceed the rate of clearance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) at the lungs ( <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> CO₂). The onset of this hyperventilation, which is confirmed by a fall from a period of stability in end-tidal and arterial CO₂ tensions (PCO₂), is referred to as the respiratory compensation point (RCP). The mechanisms that contribute to the RCP remain debated as does its surrogacy for the maximal metabolic steady state of constant-power exercise (i.e., the highest work rate associated with maintenance of physiological steady state). The objective of this current opinion is to summarize the original research contributions that support and refute the hypotheses that: (i) the RCP represents a rapid, peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated reflex response engaged when the metabolic rate at which the buffering systems can no longer constrain the rise in hydrogen ions ([H⁺]) associated with rising lactate concentration and metabolic CO₂ production is surpassed; and (ii) the metabolic rate at which this occurs is equivalent to the maximal metabolic steady state of constant power exercise. In doing so, we will shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to the RCP, attempt to reconcile disparate findings, make a case for its adoption for exercise intensity stratification and propose strategies for the use of RCP in aerobic exercise prescription.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2993-3003"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Association Between Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies.","authors":"Ying Gao, Qingyang Li, Luyao Yang, Hanhua Zhao, Di Wang, Arto J Pesola","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02090-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02090-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different types of sedentary behavior are associated with several health outcomes, but the causality of these associations remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating the associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to August 2023 was conducted to identify eligible MR studies. We selected studies that assessed associations of genetically determined sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the causal associations when two or more MR studies were available. We graded the evidence level of each MR association based on the results of the main method and sensitivity analyses in MR studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 studies with 168 MR associations between six types of sedentary behavior and 47 health outcomes were included. Results from meta-analyses suggested a total of 47 significant causal associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. Notably, more leisure TV watching is robustly correlated with increased risks of myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, all-cause ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, robust inverse associations were observed between leisure computer use and risks of rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that different types of sedentary behavior have distinct causal effects on health outcomes. Therefore, interventions should focus not only on reducing sedentary time but also on promoting healthier types of sedentary behavior.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42023453828.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3051-3067"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Resistance Training for Sprint and Endurance Athletes: Balancing Positive and Negative Adaptations.","authors":"Bas Van Hooren, Per Aagaard, Anthony J Blazevich","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02110-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02110-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance training (RT) triggers diverse morphological and physiological adaptations that are broadly considered beneficial for performance enhancement as well as injury risk reduction. Some athletes and coaches therefore engage in, or prescribe, substantial amounts of RT under the assumption that continued increments in maximal strength capacity and/or muscle mass will lead to improved sports performance. In contrast, others employ minimal or no RT under the assumption that RT may impair endurance or sprint performances. However, the morphological and physiological adaptations by which RT might impair physical performance, the likelihood of these being evoked, and the training program specifications that might promote such impairments, remain largely undefined. Here, we discuss how selected adaptations to RT may enhance or impair speed and endurance performances while also addressing the RT program variables under which these adaptations are likely to occur. Specifically, we argue that while some myofibrillar (muscle) hypertrophy can be beneficial for increasing maximum strength, substantial hypertrophy can lead to macro- and microscopic adaptations such as increases in body (or limb) mass and internal moment arms that might, under some conditions, impair both sprint and endurance performances. Further, we discuss how changes in muscle architecture, fiber typology, microscopic muscle structure, and intra- and intermuscular coordination with RT may maximize speed at the expense of endurance, or maximize strength at the expense of speed. The beneficial effect of RT for sprint and endurance sports can be further improved by considering the adaptive trade-offs and practical implications discussed in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3019-3050"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising the Dose of Static Stretching to Improve Flexibility: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Multivariate Meta-regression","authors":"Lewis A. Ingram, Grant R. Tomkinson, Noah M. A. d’Unienville, Bethany Gower, Sam Gleadhill, Terry Boyle, Hunter Bennett","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02143-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02143-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Static stretching is widely used to increase flexibility. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal dosage parameters for increasing flexibility.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to determine the optimal frequency, intensity and volume to maximise flexibility through static stretching, and to investigate whether this is moderated by muscle group, age, sex, training status and baseline level of flexibility.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Seven databases (CINAHL Complete, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Emcare, MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched up to June 2024. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of a single session (acute) or multiple sessions (chronic) of static stretching on one or more flexibility outcomes (compared to non-stretching passive controls) among adults (aged ≥ 18 years) were included. A multi-level meta-analysis examined the effect of acute and chronic static stretching on flexibility outcomes, while multivariate meta-regression was used to determine the volume at which increases in flexibility were maximised.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Data from 189 studies representing 6654 adults (61% male; mean [standard deviation] age = 26.8 ± 11.4 years) were included. We found a moderate positive effect of acute static stretching on flexibility (summary Hedges’ <i>g</i> = 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.75, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and a large positive effect of chronic static stretching on flexibility (summary Hedges’ <i>g</i> = 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.84–1.09, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Neither effect was moderated by stretching intensity, age, sex or training status, or weekly session frequency and intervention length (chronic static stretching only) [<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05]. However, larger improvements were found for adults with poor baseline flexibility compared with adults with average baseline flexibility (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Furthermore, larger improvements in flexibility were found in the hamstrings compared with the spine following acute static stretching (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Improvements in flexibility were maximised by a cumulative stretching volume of 4 min per session (acute) and 10 min per week (chronic).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Static stretching improves flexibility in adults, with no additional benefit observed beyond 4 min per session or 10 min per week. Although intensity, frequency, age, sex and training status do not influence improvements in flexibility, lower flexibility levels are associated with greater improvement following both acute and chronic static stretching. These guidelines for static stretching can be used by coaches and therapists to improve flexibility.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Clinical Trial Registration</h3><p>PROSPERO CRD42023420168.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Intensity Interval Training for Cancer Patients: A Review of Key Considerations for Exercise Prescription","authors":"Gilmar Dias-da-Silva, Valéria L. G. Panissa, Sophie F. M. Derchain, Marina L. V. Ferreira, Guilherme D. Telles, Glenda B. B. Buzaglo, Rafaela B. Araújo, Felipe C. Vechin, Miguel S. Conceição","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02145-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02145-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;High-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed before, during, and after cancer treatment can attenuate the adverse effects induced by anti-cancer drugs. A clear presentation and rationale of characteristics of HIIT variables is vital to produce the expected HIIT adaptations in cancer patients. However, there are concerns regarding the HIIT protocols used in the cancer literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aims were to (1) identify the characteristics of HIIT and the formats that have been prescribed, (2) analyze which anchors have been utilized to prescribe effort and pause intensity, (3) examine characteristics of the physical tests used for HIIT prescription, and (4) identify potential adverse events related to HIIT intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 51 studies were retrieved, and the following results were found: (1) Only 25 studies reported all four essential variables for HIIT prescription [effort intensity (effort duration): pause intensity (pause duration)]. Of these studies, 23 used active pause and employed the following prescription (on average): [84% (116 s): 39% (118 s)] when percentage of maximal aerobic power (MAP) [maximal/peak oxygen uptake (&lt;span&gt;({{{V}}})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2max/peak&lt;/sub&gt;)/MAP] was used; [124% (161 s): 55% (142 s)] when percentage of anaerobic threshold (AT) was used; [83% (230 s): 62% (165 s)] when maximal heart rate percentage (%HR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) was used. From these 23 studies, 12 used &lt;span&gt;({{{V}}})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2max/peak&lt;/sub&gt;/MAP (one of the most recommended variables for HIIT prescription). Seven studies adopted the HIIT-long format, and in the remaining five studies, the format was unclear. (2) Twenty-four studies used fractions of &lt;span&gt;({{{V}}})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2max/peak&lt;/sub&gt; or mechanical variables like MAP as anchors for prescribing effort intensity, two studies used AT, 20 studies used fractions of HR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;/heart rate reserve, two studies used rate of perceived exertion (RPE), while one used RPE and %&lt;span&gt;({{{V}}})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2peak&lt;/sub&gt; concomitantly, and two studies utilized RPE/%HR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; concomitantly. Two studies utilized passive resting, 12 studies used %&lt;span&gt;({{{V}}})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2peak&lt;/sub&gt;/%MAP for prescribing pause intensity, four studies used AT, seven studies used %HR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;, one study used %HR&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;/%&lt;span&gt;({{{V}}})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2peak&lt;/sub&gt;, and two studies used absolute loads. (3) Ten studies did not report the characteristics of the physical tests employed, two studies used submaximal tests, and 39 studies utilized graded exercise tests. (4) Ten studies did not re","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}