Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Sport-Specific Impact Loading is Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Athletes: Implications for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Assessment","authors":"Trent Stellingwerff,Ming-Chang Tsai,Walter T. P. McCluskey,Louise M. Burke,Matthew D. Fliss,Kathryn E. Ackerman,Ida A. Heikura","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02533-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-026-02533-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Report Health Screening Tools in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review of Domain Coverage, Validation, and Use Across Participation Levels.","authors":"Charlotte Steele, Matthew H Simpson, Emily Jacobs, Natalia Galan-Lopez, Lee Taylor, Bryna C R Chrismas","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02532-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-026-02532-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female athlete health encompasses multiple interconnected domains; however, the self-report screening tools used to assess these domains have not been comprehensively synthesised.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically identify self-report health screening tools used to assess female athlete health, map domain coverage, determine validation reporting, and describe application across participation levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was pre-registered with PROSPERO ( CRD420251056910 ) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched from inception to January 2026 using female health and screening-related terms. Methodological quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute and National Institutes of Health tools, and findings were synthesised descriptively. Eligible, peer-reviewed studies reported the use, development or validation of self-report health screening tools assessing one or more domains relevant to female health applied in female athlete populations, spanning recreational through elite participation levels. All sports and activities were included. The search was restricted to English language with no date limits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 360 studies (1990-2026) representing 134,506 female participants spanning recreational to elite sport and 273 screening tools were included. Mental health (n = 77, 34.1%), disordered eating (n = 33, 14.6%) and body image (n = 30, 13.3%) predominated. Domains related to female health, including menstrual health, pelvic floor health, pregnancy/postpartum and breast health were comparatively underrepresented. Most studies reported tools were used for risk identification (n = 323, 80.3%). Validation reporting was inconsistent, with half (n = 180, 50%) reporting use of at least one validated tool. Tool use was concentrated in professional and elite sport, with limited inclusion of recreational, masters and disability athlete cohorts. Health literacy constructs were explicitly assessed in 12.5% of studies (n = 45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health screening in female athlete populations remains fragmented and uneven in domain coverage, with inconsistent validation reporting. Development of integrated, multi-domain and contextually inclusive screening frameworks is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' Reply to \"Comment on: Effects of the FIFA 11+ Program on Physical Fitness in Youth and Adult Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis\".","authors":"Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Gavoutamane Vasanthi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Cain C T Clark, Koulla Parpa, Borko Katanic, Hüseyin Şahin Uysal, Hassane Zouhal, Urs Granacher","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02488-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02488-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2345-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Effects of the FIFA 11+ Program on Physical Fitness in Youth and Adult Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis.","authors":"Rohit K Thapa, João Bruno, Exal Garcia-Carrillo","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02489-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02489-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2341-2344"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiogenic Doping: Plausible Yet Difficult to Detect.","authors":"Sofie Lehto, Setareh Sima, Jaana Künnapuu, Sergei Iljukov, Michael Jeltsch","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02447-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02447-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In endurance athletes, cardiovascular oxygen delivery is the primary limitation to performance. While the focus of athletes and regulatory bodies has been on hemoglobin and red blood cells, the increased oxygen-delivering capacity resulting from training is also a consequence of the expanded blood volume, which requires vascular adaptation. Angiogenesis-the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones-is an understudied area in exercise physiology due to the need for invasive procedures. Among the vascular endothelial growth factors, VEGF-A and VEGF-D are the most potent angiogenic inducers and thus candidates for doping purposes. VEGF expression can be stimulated by several external factors, of which oxygen deprivation and its mimics are the most significant in the context of doping. A controlled overexpression of VEGF-A or VEGF-D, and the resulting blood vessel formation, could directly increase vascular space and indirectly increase blood volume and athletic ability. A master regulatory gene such as HIF-1α would be a preferred target over any single growth factor, as it would affect red blood cell production and vascular expansion synchronously. Currently available compounds may already be misused, with potential unintended consequences, including the aggravation of inflammatory diseases or tumor progression. Due to the ease of implementation and difficulty of detection, angiogenic doping and possible detection strategies deserve to be studied further.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2089-2119"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind to Move: A Narrative Review of Individualized Running Biomechanics Beyond the Spring-Mass Model.","authors":"Cyrille Gindre, Thibault Lussiana, Bastiaan Breine, Aurélien Patoz","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02449-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02449-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Running biomechanics has long questioned whether a universally optimal running pattern exists. Current evidence indicates that no single technique is optimal for all individuals. Instead, runners self-optimize their movement according to anatomical structure, neuromuscular capacity, experience, and environmental constraints. This narrative review first examines the diversity of running patterns and the concept of self-organization, emphasizing that multiple biomechanical configurations can yield comparable running economy when aligned with individual characteristics. We then analyze how biomechanical models represent human locomotion. The spring-mass model explains key features of high-speed, elastic-driven running but becomes progressively limited as speed decreases. Actuator-based models incorporating active work and dissipation provide a more comprehensive account of endurance locomotion. From this modeling perspective, running mechanics are interpreted as a speed-dependent continuum from elastic-driven strategies at sprinting speeds to more muscle-driven strategies at slower speeds. Running speed is identified as the primary independent variable structuring these trends, while individual responses introduce variability around group-level norms. Translating this framework into practice requires individualized assessment rather than prescriptive technique modification. We present the PIMP method (Preferred running form assessment, Identification of inefficiencies in vertical load management, and Movement Plan individualization) as a structured approach to intervention. Central to this framework is the \"Mind to Move\" principle, in which outcome-focused imagery promotes biomechanical coherence between intrinsic capacities and external demands. The bouncy spring metaphor reinforces short elastic actions, whereas the rolling wheel metaphor supports prolonged, muscle-driven efforts. Performance optimization thus depends on context-sensitive, individualized strategies rather than replication of idealized forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2121-2138"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Games Missed for Rest or Load Management and Injury in the National Basketball Association, 2014-15 Through 2022-23.","authors":"Mackenzie M Herzog, Alexandra Brink, Rahul Gondalia, John P DiFiori, Christina D Mack","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02457-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02457-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One often-stated aim of load management in elite athletes is injury reduction. However, current literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of specific load management strategies to reduce injury risk is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between missing regular season games for rest or load management and subsequent injury in the National Basketball Association (NBA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 9-year observational analysis of a select group of NBA players participating in each of the 2014-15 through 2022-23 seasons was conducted using the NBA Injury and Illness Database. Standardized, league-wide player participation and health information rules require reporting of any game missed due to injury, illness, rest, or load management. The main outcome was a game injury that resulted in two or more games missed consecutively. Hazard ratios were calculated using the Anderson-Gill modification of the Cox proportional hazards model. Injury rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, number of prior injuries, games missed due to injury or other reasons, and average minutes played per regular season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1233 player-seasons contributing 1,538,917 player-minutes of NBA game play were included. From 2014-15 to 2022-23, games missed for rest, load management, or 1-game absences increased by 125% (+ 211 games), and 2+ consecutive games missed injuries increased by 43% (+ 61 injuries). Among players who missed games for rest or load management (n = 129,578 player-minutes), there was no significant difference in injury risk compared with players who did not miss games for rest or load management (n = 1,409,339 player-minutes; 1-2 games missed: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.65; 3-5 games missed: HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.39-1.80; 6 or more games missed: HR = 2.16, 95% CI 0.53-5.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NBA players who missed regular season games for rest or load management did not have a decreased risk of subsequent injury in the same season. Further studies that add assessment of training and internal loads will offer additional insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2313-2323"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Uptake of Preregistration, and Its Impact on the Proportion of Supported Hypotheses, in Sports Science.","authors":"Hunter Bennett, Henry Blake, Noah d'Unienville, James Murray, Jordan Fox","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02451-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02451-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The proportion of studies with results supporting their hypotheses has been implausibly high in sports science, suggesting the widespread presence of questionable research practices (QRPs). Preregistration is recommended to mitigate QRPs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of preregistration in sports science journals, and its association with the proportion of supported hypotheses. The influence of journal quartile on these factors was also examined. Differences in hypothesis reporting between published manuscripts and original preregistrations were also explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2006 original research articles published from 19 journals in 2024 were included, of which 201 (10.0%) were preregistered, and 1205 provided a hypothesis (60.0%). Logistic regression analyses assessed whether preregistration frequency and the proportion of supported hypotheses varied across journal quartiles (i.e., quartile 1, 2, 3, and 4, as ranked by SCImago).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of preregistered studies that had results supporting their hypotheses (45%) were significantly lower than non-preregistered studies (56%) (X² (1) 5. 5978; P = 0.018), although the effect size was negligible (V = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.13). Quartile 3 and 4 journals had less preregistrations (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.41) and supported hypotheses (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55, 0.97) than quartile 1 journals. Of 134 preregistered papers with a hypothesis, 93 (69.4%) either did not have a hypothesis in their original preregistration or presented a different hypothesis from what was reported in the preregistration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The uptake of preregistration in sports science is low, and its effectiveness is limited, possibly owing to researchers not adhering to preregistered research plans and adopting QRPs.</p><p><strong>Preregistration: </strong>This study was prospectively preregistered on the Open Science Framework https://osf.io/c8jfm/files/osfstorage ).</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2283-2293"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Climb or Not to Climb: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Risks and Benefits During Pregnancy and Postpartum.","authors":"Margie H Davenport, Laura Osachoff, Lauren Ray, Joy Black, Nicholas K Y Cheung, Tara-Leigh McHugh","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02452-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02452-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current physical activity guidelines for pregnancy recommend avoiding climbing owing to the increased risk of falling, which are based on opinion owing to limited empirical data. This cross-sectional study examined climbers' perceptions of climbing during pregnancy, safety, falls, exposure of climbing during the pregnancy and postpartum period, and the impact of participation in climbing during pregnancy has on maternal and fetal health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Climbers aged ≥ 18 years completed an online questionnaire between May and October 2024 based on the pregnancy where they had the highest engagement in climbing. Questions related to maternal demographics, training and competition patterns, health outcomes during and following pregnancy, and returning to climbing postpartum. Hard falls were subjectively defined as falls or catches that were hard enough to remember/cause concern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 692 participants (34.7 ± 3.8 years) completed the survey. Respondents were primarily located in the USA (34.2%), Germany (14.1%), and the UK (13.3%). The cumulative total of falls between participants was 155 across 63,972 h of climbing. Rates of adverse events was 0.03 per 1000 h of exposure. While most participants had concerns about climbing during their pregnancy, 96% felt \"happy\" or \"very happy\" that they continued to climb. Mental and emotional health outcomes were improved or unchanged by those who continued to participate. There was no significant difference in pregnancy health outcomes between groups who stopped climbing ≤ 27 weeks gestation and those who continued to climb. Participants returned to climbing at 2.7 months postpartum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continued participation in climbing into the third trimester was not associated with increased odds of self-reported pregnancy complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2295-2311"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greatest of All Time: Development of a Ranking System to Determine the Most Successful Olympic and World Championship Runners Since 1896.","authors":"Brian Hanley, Carl Foster, Arturo Casado, David B Pyne, Andrew M Jones, Renato Barroso, Daniel Boullosa, Jos J de Koning, Thomas Haugen, Florentina J Hettinga, Andrew Renfree, Stephen Seiler, Alan St Clair Gibson, Philip Skiba, Christian Thiel, Randall Wilber","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02443-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02443-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to identify the Greatest of All Time (GOAT) athlete in running events held at the Olympic Games and World Athletics championships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The achievements of 1294 men and 824 women who won at least one medal in any sprint, hurdles, or distance event at major global championships since 1896, or set a World Record (WR) since 1912, were collated. A scoring system was used to award points, with Olympic gold medals and WRs ranked joint highest. Fewer points were awarded for Olympic silver and bronze medals and for medals in World Championships (outdoor, indoor, and cross-country). Bonus points were awarded for WR longevity and the setting of WRs during Olympic finals. Athletes were also ranked by event and within historical eras.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As of March 2026, Usain Bolt (Jamaica) was ranked as the male GOAT, and the highest-scoring woman was Faith Kipyegon (Kenya). Both athletes notably won \"doubles\" during their careers (over 100/200 m and 1500 m/5000 m, respectively) and set WRs over both distances. Marathon, steeplechase, and hurdle specialists usually competed in one event only. In an earlier era, Paavo Nurmi (Finland) had the highest combined Olympic Games/WR score across a range of distances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Athletes who successfully competed over physiologically and tactically similar events (\"doubles\"), such as Bolt and Kipyegon, had a greater opportunity to become the GOAT. An increase in global competition since 1972 meant greater opportunities for winning medals, especially for women. This study provides a foundation on which future performances could be evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2267-2282"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}