South African Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of selected metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction activity: Advances in synthesis, durability, and efficiency","authors":"Bayisa Dame Tesema,&nbsp;Alemu Gizaw,&nbsp;Jibril Goli Buta,&nbsp;Hunegnaw Baylie","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progress of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) over the last few decades indicates that the cell has faced challenges in terms of commercialization and sustainability. These challenges are primarily attributed to the high cost of catalysts and durability issues. Reducing the amount of platinum is the key finding that can solve the catalyst's cost problem. The platinum load can be reduced or eliminated either by alloying with transition metals or substituting with other non-platinum metals. This review work has focused on the synthesis of catalysts using platinum metal catalysts alloyed with transition metals, as well as non-platinum metal catalysts supported on nitrogen doped carbon. It was observed that the synthesis method plays a crucial role in determining the durability and efficiency of the catalyst. From the transition metals, Pd showed excellent electrocatalytic activity similar to that of Pt metal. The study indicates that the preparation of the catalyst is challenging, resulting in rapid degradation and a short durability time. It was demonstrated that a novel synthetic strategy possesses a catalyst with strong durability, efficiency, and enhanced intrinsic activity. This review highlights the current progress of the catalyst and suggests future research directions for the scientific community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 365-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved mechanical and thermal performance of bacterial cellulose paper through cationic cassava starch addition","authors":"Sri Rahayu ,&nbsp;Basuki Wirjosentono ,&nbsp;Evi Oktavia ,&nbsp;Cut Fatimah Zuhra ,&nbsp;Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang ,&nbsp;Khatarina Meldawati Pasaribu ,&nbsp;Riahna Arih Bibina ,&nbsp;Ronn Goei ,&nbsp;Alfred Iing Yoong Tok ,&nbsp;Dellyansyah ,&nbsp;A.Muhammad Afdhal Saputra ,&nbsp;Saharman Gea","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cationic particles are commonly used as wet-end additives in papermaking processes. This study evaluates the effects of cationic cassava starch (CCS) on the mechanical strength of paper made from bacterial cellulose (BC). <em>Acetobacter xylinum</em> was utilised in the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) paper, whereas 3‑chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) was employed in the etherification process of cassava starch to synthesize CCS. Papers containing CCS displayed a more compact surface structure compared to traditional wood-based papers, reaching a brightness level of 97.3 and improving thermal and mechanical characteristics, such as higher tensile strength and is suitable for use as a separator in battery fabrication processes. The results emphasise the possibility of using CCS as a sustainable option in paper production, offering enhanced environmental and mechanical efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 379-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of fabrication methods for biodegradable pH-Responsive nanocomposite microgels and their performance in enhanced oil recovery","authors":"Mohsen Koolivand ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shokouhi ,&nbsp;Morteza Esfandyari ,&nbsp;Mahdi Koolivand salooki ,&nbsp;Masoud Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil fuels continue to be the predominant source of energy globally, and with many of the world's oil reserves expected to remain productive for extended periods, there is a pressing need for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods to satisfy the surging demand for oil. Iran plays a pivotal role in the global oil landscape, making EOR particularly vital, as more than 50 % of oil in carbonate reservoirs remains trapped. Reservoir conformance control techniques are essential for facilitating hydrocarbon flow from the reservoir to the wellbore, especially in challenging displacement scenarios. Achieving uniform sweep efficiency and maximizing hydrocarbon production requires addressing a prevalent issue in the oil industry: excessive water production from oil wells. This phenomenon not only diminishes hydrocarbon output but also curtails reservoir productivity and economic viability while posing severe environmental risks. Among various strategies to mitigate water production, chemical solutions like polymer gel injection have emerged as effective methods for water control. Recently developed techniques, such as the injection of pH-responsive microgels, offer innovative solutions for water blocking and conformance control at reservoir depths. Microgels present several notable advantages over traditional gel injection methods. These include lower operational costs due to reduced injection pressure, which minimizes mechanical damage to the reservoir. Additionally, microgels offer lower material costs and the benefit of reversible swelling, allowing for adjustments through acid washing. However, the successful application of microgels does necessitate an initial acid pre-flush step to lower the pH of the porous medium, which can escalate operational costs. Furthermore, the effective deployment of microgels is contingent upon various factors, including the site and timing of their application, the design of the injection strategy, the parameters governing the injection process, and the microgels' performance under diverse reservoir conditions. These considerations are crucial for optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of microgel-based interventions in EOR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 340-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001069/pdfft?md5=63b99e6a7e08b51cf454164db8c5c6f8&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium-ion battery fundamentals and exploration of cathode materials: A review","authors":"Alex K. Koech ,&nbsp;Gershom Mwandila ,&nbsp;Francis Mulolani ,&nbsp;Phenny Mwaanga","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advances in cathode materials continue to drive the development of safer, more efficient, and sustainable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for various applications, including electric vehicles (EVs) and grid storage. This review article offers insights into key elements—lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and aluminium—within modern battery technology, focusing on their roles and significance in Li-ion batteries. The review paper delves into the materials comprising a Li-ion battery cell, including the cathode, anode, current concentrators, binders, additives, electrolyte, separator, and cell casing, elucidating their roles and characteristics. Additionally, it examines various cathode materials crucial to the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries, such as spinels, lithium metal oxides, and olivines, presenting their distinct advantages and challenges for battery applications. Lithium manganese (Li-Mn-O) spinels, like LiMn₂O₄, offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option with good thermal stability despite challenges such as capacity fading, which necessitate innovative approaches like dual-doping strategies. Nickel-rich lithium metal oxides like LiNi_xMn_yCo_1-x-yO₂ provide high specific energy but face/encounter issues with cobalt reliance and stability, prompting research to reduce cobalt content and increase nickel content. Olivine-based cathode materials, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), prioritize safety and stability but exhibit lower energy density, leading to exploration into isomorphous substitutions and nanostructuring to enhance performance. Safety considerations, including thermal management and rigorous testing protocols, are essential to mitigate risks of thermal runaway and short circuits. Thus, this review scrutinizes recent advancements in Li-ion battery cathode materials, delving into strategies aimed at mitigating associated drawbacks and identifying suitable electrode materials based on their electrochemical performance and capacity during operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 321-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001100/pdfft?md5=d8ede521e27e7b38216d3ed3ef40f20f&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combine calculation and experiment to study the undesired polymerization of styrene for screening of effective inhibitors","authors":"Ali Darvishi ,&nbsp;Razieh Davand ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Rahimpour ,&nbsp;Shahin Hosseini ,&nbsp;Akbar Bolhasani ,&nbsp;Ourmazd Dehghani ,&nbsp;Soroush Karamian ,&nbsp;Reza Adhamdoust","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regarding undeniable formation of the undesired polymer (UP) in the styrene purification process, it is of vital importance to inhibit its production. To address the mentioned issue, effects of injecting antipolymers (e.g., stable nitroxide radicals (i.e., SNRs) and antioxidants (e.g., alkylhydroxylamines (AHA)) on the controlling the UP formation have been studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations as well as experimental method in this study. In fact, electrophilicity and growth percentage were evaluated by DFT calculations and experimental approach, correspondingly. Accordingly, it was revealed that the best antipolymers in terms of inhibiting performance were 4‑hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine 1-Oxyl (4‑hydroxy-TEMPO) and 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-Oxyl (4-oxo-TEMPO), and from the antioxidants, N-Ethyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine (EPHA) and N-Benzyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine (BPHA) exhibited the best performance. In addition, the growth percentage of 18.70, 20.55, 24.85 and 46.8, were obtained for the EPHA, BPHA, 4‑hydroxy-TEMPO, and 4-oxo-TEMPO after 4 hrs of operation, correspondingly. Besides, the synergetic effects of the used inhibitors were determined experimentally. Among the evaluated inhibitors, EPHA/4‑hydroxy-TEMPO demonstrated the best synergetic effects over the control of UP formation. Finally, the blend of 4‑hydroxy-TEMPO (40 wt.%) and EPHA (60 wt.%) was obtained to be the optimum (best) inhibitor with 7.2 % polymer growth after 4 hrs of operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 353-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System identification of a nonlinear continuously stirred tank reactor using fractional neural network","authors":"Meshach Kumar ,&nbsp;Utkal Mehta ,&nbsp;Giansalvo Cirrincione","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical processes are vital in various industries but are often complex and nonlinear, making accurate modeling essential. Traditional linear approaches struggle with dynamic behaviour and changing conditions. This paper explores the advantages of the new theory of fractional neural networks (FNNs), focusing on applying fractional activation functions for continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) modeling. The proposed approach offers promising solutions for real-time modeling of a CSTR. Various numerical analyses demonstrate the robustness of FNNs in handling data reduction, achieving better generalization, and sensitivity to noise, which is crucial for real-world applications. The identification process is more generalized and can enhance adaptability and improve industrial plant management efficiency. This research contributes to the growing field of real-time modeling, highlighting its potential to address the complexities in chemical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 299-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001070/pdfft?md5=f48c16e4365855aab9514acce4008efb&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of deodorizer distillate-derived silver nanoparticles","authors":"Hadia Shoaib ,&nbsp;Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ,&nbsp;Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi ,&nbsp;Saba Naz ,&nbsp;Hamide Filiz Ayyildiz ,&nbsp;Sirajuddin ,&nbsp;Hina Daud Memon ,&nbsp;Ahmed Raza Sidhu","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a sustainable green approach utilizing deodorizer distillates of canola (CODD) and soybean oil (SODD) as both reducing and capping agents. This synthesis approach resulted in the formation of pale-yellow colored CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs, which was confirmed by distinctive absorption peaks at 420 nm and 408 nm, respectively via Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis provided insights into the functional group interactions between CODD and SODD with their AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the face-centered cubic lattice structure of both CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs. Further characterization via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies of CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs. Assessment of antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method demonstrated superior radical scavenging efficacy by CODD-AgNPs (IC₅₀ value 1.07±0.04 µg/mL) and SODD-AgNPs (IC₅₀ value 1.14±0.23 µg/mL) compared to CODD and SODD. Evaluation of antibacterial properties against <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em> via disc diffusion method revealed potent antibacterial activities of CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs at 100 µg/mL concentration, surpassing the antibacterial efficacy of CODD and SODD. Furthermore, CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs exhibited significant anti-inflammatory potential at 500 µg/mL concentration, with IC₅₀ values of 187.2 ± 1.28 µg/mL and 203.9 ± 2.08 µg/mL, respectively, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effective utilization of CODD and SODD in synthesizing AgNPs with enhanced biological functionalities, making them promising candidates for various biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001045/pdfft?md5=ca1183fbc549041d0d0b5fd74218f3dd&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating groundwater vulnerability and assessing its quality for sustainable management","authors":"Hadeel Ali A. Al Saleh ,&nbsp;Sundus Saleh Nehaba","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Areas with a dry climate constitute about 15% of the Earth's surface, so groundwater can be considered a safe alternative available for people who are living in these areas. Groundwater has special advantages compared to surface water in terms of spatiotemporal presence, high stability, easy access, and often of high quality and capable of resisting pollution and could be the alternative to solve the problem of water shortage.</p><p>The current study evaluated Irrigation Water Quality Indices (WQIs) as well as the predicting of GIS maps to evaluate groundwater resources for agricultural uses in Al-Najaf city. 24 samples were taken from the existing wells and examined for the characteristics relating the groundwater quality. Total hardness (TH), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Permeability Index (PI), and Kelley's Index (KI) were among the irrigation indices that were assessed and evaluated. The results showed that 95.8% of sites fall within the region of extremely high salinity danger /low sodium, and 4.2% of sites fall onto the medium sodium water class, Concerning SSP and RSC all samples are considered of good quality, 95.8% of samples are suitable for irrigation based on Kelly's Ratio index, while only 4.2% regarded unsuitable. The final WQIs values were exported to the ArcMap software to create the final study area's water quality indices maps. Conducting spatial variability of groundwater quality is essential for making reliable groundwater quality interpretations and for making accurate predictions of quality at any particular site, there must be a continuous salinity and contaminants concentrations checking up calculations in case there were a need for groundwater desalination process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001033/pdfft?md5=8f3ee7a80fa09eafc569f33861b7e99c&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing photocatalytic activity of Fe2O3/TiO2 with gelatin: A fuzzy logic analysis of mesoporosity and iron loading","authors":"Maria Ulfa ,&nbsp;Nina ,&nbsp;Indriyani Pangestuti ,&nbsp;Holilah ,&nbsp;Hasliza Bahruji ,&nbsp;Yetria Rilda ,&nbsp;Siti Hajar Alias ,&nbsp;Hadi Nur","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis of mesoporous Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ heterostructures using a P123-Gelatin hybrid template has been investigated for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light. The study focused on the effect of gelatin concentration on mesoporosity, iron content, particle size, and surface area of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂. The results showed that the Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ composites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to individual TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃. This enhancement was attributed to the optimized gelatin concentration, which increases mesoporosity and Fe₂O₃ incorporation, facilitating efficient electron transfer and photo-electron conversion for methylene blue oxidation. Additionally, a fuzzy logic analysis was conducted to correlate the physicochemical properties of the composites with their photocatalytic activities. This analysis identified iron loading and mesoporosity as theion dominant factors affecting photocatalytic efficiency, with a high correlation coefficient. The study concluded that mesoporous Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ synthesized with the P123-Gelatin template significantly improves methylene blue degradation. This improvement is primarily due to the synergistic effect of large pore diameter and Fe³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ interaction. The fuzzy logic model provided accurate predictions, confirming the critical role of iron loading and mesoporosity in enhancing photocatalytic performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 245-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001008/pdfft?md5=856e5aa1e2204f5f4921cf0034de1b06&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001008-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug loading methods and kinetic release models using of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a drug delivery system: A review","authors":"Ali H. Khalbas ,&nbsp;Talib M. Albayati ,&nbsp;Nisreen S. Ali ,&nbsp;Issam K. Salih","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oral drug administration remains one of the most convenient routes due to its Simplicity, high patient compliance, and cost-effectiveness. However, many medicinal products available on the market exhibit poor water solubility, which adversely affects the dissolution rate of drugs in biological fluids. Drug loading is a promising strategy to produce highly stable amorphous drugs with improved dissolution rates, solubility, and bioavailability. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are particularly advantageous due to their tunable surface area, pore size, and pore volume, making them suitable to load various molecules such as drugs, genes, and proteins. The use of mathematical models is crucial for predicting and analyzing the release profile of active molecules and diffusion patterns within delivery systems. This enables the design and development of new systems with more desirable release patterns. This review provides an overview of MSNs and drug loading methods, discusses the mechanisms of drug release and release kinetic models using mesoporous carriers, and highlights critical considerations in designing MSNs, such as particle stability and cytotoxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 261-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001021/pdfft?md5=3a307555083b49f747b33565ee046c0d&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}