South African Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Activation kinetics of biochars from peanut shells, cashew nut shells, and millet stalks under isothermal conditions in CO2 atmosphere","authors":"Philippe Bernard Himbane,&nbsp;Lat Grand Ndiaye","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the reactivity kinetics of biochar from biomass. The biochars were obtained by pyrolyzing peanut shells (PNS_800), cashew nut shells (CNS_800), and millet stalks (MS_800) at 800 °C in a fixed bed reactor. The chemical composition of the biochar samples shows that silicon (Si), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) are the major elements in the biochar of peanut shells (PNS_800) while potassium and magnesium are the major elements in the biochar of cashew nut shells (CNS_800) and millet stalks (MS_800). The biochars were activated in a CO₂ (200 Nml/min) atmosphere at temperatures 1123 K, 1173 K, and 1223 K under atmospheric pressure. The random pore model (RPM) and a modified random pore model (MRPM) were used to correlate the reactivity profiles versus carbon conversion and to determine the kinetic parameters. It was observed that biochar reactivity increases as the temperature increases, attaining at least three times at 1173 K than those corresponding to 1123 K. Furthermore, the increase in reactivity is more pronounced with the biochar MS_800. It was observed that the RPM model cannot follow the kinetic of the experimental reactivity of all biochar samples. However, a better fitting of the reactivity is obtained when using the MRPM model. The activation energies (E_a) are distributed in the range of 98.11–148.46 kJ/mol while the pre-exponential factors (k₀) are in the range of 19.31–249.53 s^-1. It was observed that for the MRPM model, the lower activation energy and the lower pre-exponential factor were obtained by the biochar CNS_800. However, E_a et k₀ are well evaluated for PNS_800 and MS_800 with a coefficient of determination of 99.76%. The proposed modified random pore model could be used to describe the reactivity of biochar from biomass as well as the reactivity of coal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 249-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000714/pdfft?md5=44e0e48000f5519c387ec31a42783633&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000714-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using of crushed glass supported Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles for remediation of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous solution","authors":"Noor Mazin Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Hanan Haqi Ismail ,&nbsp;Thura Azzam Abed ,&nbsp;Ouhood Hassan Saleh ,&nbsp;Maryam Jawad Abdulhasan","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combination of iron and copper (Fe/Cu) loaded on glass (G-Fe/Cu) has been developed for this study. The green synthesis was used to create bimetallic nanoparticles (G-Fe/Cu) using grape leaves extract, which employed as a natural reducing agent to easily produce nZVI from iron salts. The particle size, surface morphology, elemental composition and degree of crystallinity of the resulting nanocomposite have been analyzed by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). G-Fe/Cu nanocomposite were employed as adsorbent materials to eliminate ciprofloxacin (CIP) from polluted aqueous solution. Some factors affecting the adsorption function, in batch and continuous experimentations have been examined to select the optimum parameters that accomplish the maximum elimination ratio (99 %) and to investigate the efficiency of the nanoparticles as reactive bed materials. It was discovered that the ideal conditions were CIP concentration (50 ppm), pH 7, nanoparticles dosage (0.5 mg/ 50 mL) and 100 min of optimum contact time. In present paper, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied as statistical tool used to optimize and model complex systems for elimination of CIP antibiotic from aqueous solution with selection the same four factors that mentioned above. The best appropriate isotherm model was the Freundlich model in batch study. The findings imply that hazardous compounds can be successfully eliminated from aqueous solutions using the prepared nanocomposites. The model's predictions aligned well with experimental outcomes, and the G-Fe/Cu nanocomposite effectively removed CIP from the solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 233-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000684/pdfft?md5=aa57b91d0729e4029922e334880e253a&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000684-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in Artificial Neural Network (ANN), steady-state and transient modeling of gas-phase biofiltration process","authors":"Basil Mustafa,&nbsp;Zarook Shareefdeen","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofilter technology has played a significant role over several decades in providing clean air through removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and odor causing chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide from industrial polluted airstreams. Biofilters where biological oxidation process takes place are designed and installed in numerous industrial facilities including chemical manufacturing, food processing, solid waste recycling and wastewater treatment plants to control emissions of VOCs, and odors in order to comply with the air emission regulations and to provide clean breathable air. Biofilter mathematical models under steady-state and transient conditions are essential in order to design, scale-up and predict biofilter performance under different operating conditions. Similarly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) through the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling of biofiltration process is also becoming important. This research provides a detailed discussion and review of the recent (i.e., the last two decades) and important studies related to ANN, steady-state and transient biofilter models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000672/pdfft?md5=687250cbd6705bd5304db52e0644b092&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000672-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing dye wastewater treatment: The impact of operational flux in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor","authors":"Syed Saquib ,&nbsp;Helen Julian ,&nbsp;Sri Harjati Suhardi ,&nbsp;Takahiro Watari ,&nbsp;Takashi Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Tjandra Setiadi","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigated the effect of operational flux on the performance of hollow fiber anaerobic membrane bioreactors (HF-sAnMBR) during treatment of synthetic wastewater containing diazo dye. Two extreme operational flux value, which were 56.92 LMH and 3.21 LMH in reactor 1 (R-1) and reactor 2 (R-2), respectively, were chosen and the systems were operated at an extended time of 128 days. Under high initial flux, total chemical oxygen demand (t-COD) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (s-COD) removal in HF-sAnMBR reached an average of 76.27 ± 3.26 % and 77.20 ± 2.97 %, respectively. In contrast, the AnMBR operated at a lower flux exhibited 62.91 ± 3.10 % t-COD and 65.56 ± 1.74 % s-COD removal. The mean decolorization was 82.88 ± 7.20 % and 76.18 ± 13.96 % in R-1 and R-2, respectively. While R-1 showed excellent performance from the first day of operation, R-2 required 60 days to achieve comparable performance. However, biofouling was aggravated in R-1, which led to frequent membrane cleaning. Despite the operational hurdles, the fast deposition of biofoulants on R-1 might be responsible for its high COD and color removal, as the microorganisms on the membrane surface actively degraded organics and dyes. UV–visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated the breakdown of azo bonds and further confirmed the presence of benzene-based aromatic intermediates and several mineralized byproducts. Microbial analysis revealed a shift at the community level, as the inoculum was abundant in the phylum <em>Chloroflexi</em> (48 %), which shifted to <em>Firmicutes</em> (R1:49 %; R2:46 %), with <em>Clostridium</em> as the major genus, which is attributed to azo dye-degrading bacteria. Anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria may contribute significantly to aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and further dye mineralization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 210-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000659/pdfft?md5=e2a7d1aabbf3ac802841b0dbe9bc73da&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Surface functionalized plant residue in Cu2+ scavenging: Chemometrics of operational parameters for process economy validation”, [South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Volume 40, April 2022, Pages 144-153]","authors":"Adejumoke A. Inyinbor ,&nbsp;Folahan A. Adekola ,&nbsp;Olugbenga S. Bello ,&nbsp;Deborah T. Bankole ,&nbsp;Toyin A. Oreofe ,&nbsp;Adewale F. Lukman ,&nbsp;Gabriel A. Olatunji","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Page 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000647/pdfft?md5=8133d9655f2b0280a3e6441638146732&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000647-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141244395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of biofuel from Luffas cylindrical-Dennettia tripetala oil blend (BT40) using catalytic sweet corn stock acidified with iron (III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3)","authors":"F.C. Ozioko ,&nbsp;P.N. Onwuachi-Iheagwara ,&nbsp;A. Cyril ,&nbsp;K. Mabel ,&nbsp;R. Nwadiolu ,&nbsp;J.C. Oboreh ,&nbsp;T.F. Adepoju ,&nbsp;J.S. Oboreh","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an attempt to model and optimize the biodiesel production from the binary oil blends, a BTO₄₀ obtained from the mixture of Dennettia tripetala (DTO) and Luffas cylindrical (LCO) oilseeds was employed in a double-stage microwave-assisted batch process (DSMABP). The DTO₄₀ was esterified with iron (III) sulfate (Fe₂(SO4)₃) and then transesterified with catalyst selectivity between calcined fermented sweet corn stock (CFCS) and calcined non-fermented sweet corn stock (CNFCS). Catalyst characterization was carried out using analyzers, while process modeling and optimization were carried out using statistical tools. The produced biodiesel qualities were evaluated, and the catalyst potential was tested by a catalyst reusability test. Results show that a BTO₄₀ was suitable for maximum biodiesel yield of 98.92% (wt./wt.) with HHV of 43.84 MJ/kg, CN of 79.73, flash point of 120 °C, cloud point of -3 °C, pour point of -6 °C, cold filter plugging point of +2 °C, oxidative stability of 4.6 h, and carbon residue of 0.02% nm. The statistical modeling and optimization by RSM_I-Optimal predicted a mean value of biodiesel to be 99.28% (wt./wt.), the ANN_GA predicted a mean biodiesel yield of 99.78% (wt./wt.), and γ_GCFW predicted 99.82% (wt./wt.), respectively, at different variable conditions. These values were validated in triplicate, and the average means were obtained as 98.57% (wt./wt.), 99.69% (wt./wt.), and 99.71% (wt./wt.), respectively. Catalyst usability tests show DFSCS has high alkali potential as a base catalyst. The produced biodiesel properties are in total agreement with the recommended biodiesel standard. The study concluded that BTO₄₀ treated with a 0.1 M Fe₂(SO4)₃ solution in a base-catalyzed calcined fermented sweet corn stock for biodiesel synthesis can be used as an alternative fuel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000611/pdfft?md5=f484878343eab80f2b6c5a390bc2b7e7&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000611-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of novel green adsorbent (Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf powder) and evaluation of its dye (malachite green) removal capacity, mechanism, kinetics, and phytotoxicity","authors":"Md. Rajibul Akanda,&nbsp;Md. Sohrawordi,&nbsp;M. Aminul Haque,&nbsp;Md. Shajib Shahrear,&nbsp;Nafees Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel green adsorbent, <em>Tabernaemontana divaricata</em> leaf powder (TD), was prepared, and its efficacy in removing malachite green (MG) dye from water, along with the associated mechanism and kinetics, was systematically evaluated for the first time. Characterization of TD was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optimization of MG dye removal was conducted by varying parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and TD dosage. Results demonstrated that TD exhibited a high adsorption capacity for MG dye (5.2131 mg.g⁻¹), achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 89.5 % under optimized conditions: pH 7.0, initial dye concentration of 20 ppm, contact time of 120 min, TD dosage of 4 g/L, and temperature of 28.1 °C. Kinetic and isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data, revealing that the adsorption process most accurately followed Ho's pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.999). The high heats of adsorption observed in the isotherm study suggest prominent electrostatic interactions between adsorbate molecules and the surface, governing the chemisorption mechanism that dominates at the solid-liquid interface. This study underscores the potential of <em>Tabernaemontana divaricata</em> (jasmine) leaf powder as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient adsorbent for the remediation of MG dye-contaminated water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 178-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000635/pdfft?md5=37a38bdaebd61aeee599c3e8b83b98d8&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of environmental parameters for optimal cell density, biomass, lipid, and biodiesel production in scenedesmus: Focus on suspension and biofilm methods","authors":"Ammar Bagheri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Gholami Parashkoohi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Davood Mohammad Zamani","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study focused on investigating the impact of various environmental parameters on the production of Scenedesmus, a unicellular alga known for its industrial and food value. The parameters studied included production method, temperature, lighting period, light intensity, and pH, with a particular emphasis on suspension and biofilm production methods. The results highlighted optimal conditions for different aspects of production, such as cell density, biomass production, lipid production, and biodiesel production. Specifically, the findings indicated that the highest cell density was achieved at a temperature of 25 °C, light intensity of 3000 lux, lighting period of 16 h, and pH of 8. For biomass production, the optimal conditions were a temperature of 25 °C, light intensity of 3000 lux, lighting period of 18 h, and pH of 9. The greatest lipid production was observed at a temperature of 20 °C, light intensity of 4000 lux, lighting period of 18 h, and pH of 8. Moreover, the highest biodiesel production was recorded at a temperature of 25 °C, light intensity of 3000 lux, lighting period of 18 h, and pH of 8. Notably, the study found that the biofilm production method outperformed the suspension method across various parameters, including cell density, biomass production, lipid production, and biodiesel production. These results contribute to the existing knowledge of optimal conditions for microalgae production and underscore the potential of Scenedesmus in industrial and food applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000623/pdfft?md5=44ad7b01f2c9e892d3fb3d6f845e0459&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durian peel (Durio zibethinus) utilization as an adsorbent in the purification of acidified crude glycerol","authors":"Rondang Tambun,&nbsp;Bode Haryanto,&nbsp;Vikram Alexander,&nbsp;Daniel Reymondo Manurung,&nbsp;Adolf Parasian Ritonga","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Durian (<em>Durio zibethinus</em>) is highly consumed seasonal fruit that generates abundant waste in the form of peel. Durian peel can serve as an effective adsorbent because it is rich in cellulose–lignin. This waste has potential applications in the chemical industry, such as using durian peel to purify crude glycerol. This research studied durian peel as an adsorbent in the form of activated carbon in the purification of acidified crude glycerol. The purification process begins with the acidification process of crude glycerol using concentrated acid with a mole ratio of phosphoric acid:glycerol (n/n) of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, and 2.5:1. The adsorption process by carbonization and activated of durian peel using 0.1 N KOH as adsorbent with a mass percentage ratio of adsorbent:crude glycerol (%wt) of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 %, and stirred using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 250 rpm for 2 h. The adsorbent utilized has a carbon-rich content of as much as 80.6 % based on Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. The highest glycerol purity obtained at 96.26 % is achieved at phosphoric acid:glycerol mole ratio of 1:1 and adsorbent:glycerol mass ratio of 25 %. This result also matches the analysis by gas chromatography. Thus, the others test of the purified glycerol, such as density of 1.267 g/cm³, water content of 1.6 %, ash content of 0.2 %, and matter organic non-glycerol of 1.94 %, are in accordance with the glycerol standard BS 2621:1979.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S102691852400060X/pdfft?md5=97f8df06fe0cca90a379bc78576bb591&pid=1-s2.0-S102691852400060X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded polystyrene waste valorization as a hydrophobic coating II: packaging application","authors":"Abdul Halim ,&nbsp;Farah Layli Ramadhani ,&nbsp;Latif Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Roni Maryana ,&nbsp;Maya Ismayati ,&nbsp;Maktum Muharja ,&nbsp;Nanta Fakih Prebianto ,&nbsp;Edwin K. Sijabat ,&nbsp;Azmi Alvian Gabriel ,&nbsp;Surya Iryana Ihsanpuro","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of the expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste to the functional material is still a challenge. The hydrophobic property of polystyrene has a potential to create a superhydrophobic surface. Here, we use expanded polystyrene waste to coat surfaces in two different ways—spray coating and dip coating—to produce superhydrophobic surfaces for food packaging. The ZnO was employed to make the surface rougher. However, the combination of ZnO and EPS waste produces only a hydrophobic surface. For spray coating and dip coating, the maximum water contact angle is 119° and 125° respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture reveals many holes that increase the surface's roughness. The hydrophobic surface significantly cuts down on cleaning time. According to the food packaging parameter test mandated by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) (BPOM regulation No. 20, 2019), the coating complies with heavy metals and ethanol stimulant migration testing requirements for food packaging. However, the migration condition in acetic acid stimulant surpasses the maximum standard. The total migration in 3% acetic acid stimulant (40°C for 10 days) is 22.95 mg/dm² while the maximum value is 10 mg/dm².</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000593/pdfft?md5=d324ae03d661b12acbaefa5e527c95a7&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000593-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}