Coconut fiber and fly ash polymer hybrid composite treated silane coupling agent: Study on morphology, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties

Abstract

Composite materials made from natural ingredients are currently being developed by researchers as materials that are more environmentally friendly. Hybridization techniques used in making composite materials continue to progress, involving the combination of several raw materials with similar or different properties, such as organic/organic, organic/inorganic, and inorganic/inorganic. In this research, coconut fiber which is an organic material is combined with fly ash which is an inorganic material. The contrasting properties of these two raw materials prompted the evaluation of their combination by including a silane coupling agent, which facilitates the bonding of organic and inorganic components. The essence of this research is to test the effect of adding silane coupling material on several parameters, namely physical properties (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling), mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation, and flexural strength), and thermal properties. To prepare coconut fiber, alkaline treatment is used to remove hemicellulose and lignin. Then, the coconut fiber was soaked in a 5 % vinyltrimethoxysilane (TVS) solution by weight. The addition of silane coupling material affects the physical properties of the composite resulting in a decrease in water absorption by 33 % and a decrease in thickness swelling by 0.3 %. The inclusion of silane coupling agent led to an increase in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and flexural strength, while elongation decreased by 20 %. Thermal properties analysis showed that the silane treatment affected the decomposition of the composite material, reducing it by 2 % from 90 % without the coupling agent to 88 % with the coupling agent.