Alex K. Koech , Gershom Mwandila , Francis Mulolani , Phenny Mwaanga
{"title":"锂离子电池基础知识和正极材料探索:综述","authors":"Alex K. Koech , Gershom Mwandila , Francis Mulolani , Phenny Mwaanga","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advances in cathode materials continue to drive the development of safer, more efficient, and sustainable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for various applications, including electric vehicles (EVs) and grid storage. This review article offers insights into key elements—lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and aluminium—within modern battery technology, focusing on their roles and significance in Li-ion batteries. The review paper delves into the materials comprising a Li-ion battery cell, including the cathode, anode, current concentrators, binders, additives, electrolyte, separator, and cell casing, elucidating their roles and characteristics. Additionally, it examines various cathode materials crucial to the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries, such as spinels, lithium metal oxides, and olivines, presenting their distinct advantages and challenges for battery applications. Lithium manganese (Li-Mn-O) spinels, like LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option with good thermal stability despite challenges such as capacity fading, which necessitate innovative approaches like dual-doping strategies. Nickel-rich lithium metal oxides like LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> provide high specific energy but face/encounter issues with cobalt reliance and stability, prompting research to reduce cobalt content and increase nickel content. Olivine-based cathode materials, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), prioritize safety and stability but exhibit lower energy density, leading to exploration into isomorphous substitutions and nanostructuring to enhance performance. Safety considerations, including thermal management and rigorous testing protocols, are essential to mitigate risks of thermal runaway and short circuits. Thus, this review scrutinizes recent advancements in Li-ion battery cathode materials, delving into strategies aimed at mitigating associated drawbacks and identifying suitable electrode materials based on their electrochemical performance and capacity during operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001100/pdfft?md5=d8ede521e27e7b38216d3ed3ef40f20f&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001100-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Lithium-ion battery fundamentals and exploration of cathode materials: A review\",\"authors\":\"Alex K. Koech , Gershom Mwandila , Francis Mulolani , Phenny Mwaanga\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.008\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Advances in cathode materials continue to drive the development of safer, more efficient, and sustainable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for various applications, including electric vehicles (EVs) and grid storage. This review article offers insights into key elements—lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and aluminium—within modern battery technology, focusing on their roles and significance in Li-ion batteries. The review paper delves into the materials comprising a Li-ion battery cell, including the cathode, anode, current concentrators, binders, additives, electrolyte, separator, and cell casing, elucidating their roles and characteristics. Additionally, it examines various cathode materials crucial to the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries, such as spinels, lithium metal oxides, and olivines, presenting their distinct advantages and challenges for battery applications. Lithium manganese (Li-Mn-O) spinels, like LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option with good thermal stability despite challenges such as capacity fading, which necessitate innovative approaches like dual-doping strategies. Nickel-rich lithium metal oxides like LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> provide high specific energy but face/encounter issues with cobalt reliance and stability, prompting research to reduce cobalt content and increase nickel content. Olivine-based cathode materials, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), prioritize safety and stability but exhibit lower energy density, leading to exploration into isomorphous substitutions and nanostructuring to enhance performance. Safety considerations, including thermal management and rigorous testing protocols, are essential to mitigate risks of thermal runaway and short circuits. Thus, this review scrutinizes recent advancements in Li-ion battery cathode materials, delving into strategies aimed at mitigating associated drawbacks and identifying suitable electrode materials based on their electrochemical performance and capacity during operation.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":21926,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001100/pdfft?md5=d8ede521e27e7b38216d3ed3ef40f20f&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524001100-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001100\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Social Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524001100","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium-ion battery fundamentals and exploration of cathode materials: A review
Advances in cathode materials continue to drive the development of safer, more efficient, and sustainable lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for various applications, including electric vehicles (EVs) and grid storage. This review article offers insights into key elements—lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and aluminium—within modern battery technology, focusing on their roles and significance in Li-ion batteries. The review paper delves into the materials comprising a Li-ion battery cell, including the cathode, anode, current concentrators, binders, additives, electrolyte, separator, and cell casing, elucidating their roles and characteristics. Additionally, it examines various cathode materials crucial to the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries, such as spinels, lithium metal oxides, and olivines, presenting their distinct advantages and challenges for battery applications. Lithium manganese (Li-Mn-O) spinels, like LiMn2O4, offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option with good thermal stability despite challenges such as capacity fading, which necessitate innovative approaches like dual-doping strategies. Nickel-rich lithium metal oxides like LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 provide high specific energy but face/encounter issues with cobalt reliance and stability, prompting research to reduce cobalt content and increase nickel content. Olivine-based cathode materials, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), prioritize safety and stability but exhibit lower energy density, leading to exploration into isomorphous substitutions and nanostructuring to enhance performance. Safety considerations, including thermal management and rigorous testing protocols, are essential to mitigate risks of thermal runaway and short circuits. Thus, this review scrutinizes recent advancements in Li-ion battery cathode materials, delving into strategies aimed at mitigating associated drawbacks and identifying suitable electrode materials based on their electrochemical performance and capacity during operation.
期刊介绍:
The journal has a particular interest in publishing papers on the unique issues facing chemical engineering taking place in countries that are rich in resources but face specific technical and societal challenges, which require detailed knowledge of local conditions to address. Core topic areas are: Environmental process engineering • treatment and handling of waste and pollutants • the abatement of pollution, environmental process control • cleaner technologies • waste minimization • environmental chemical engineering • water treatment Reaction Engineering • modelling and simulation of reactors • transport phenomena within reacting systems • fluidization technology • reactor design Separation technologies • classic separations • novel separations Process and materials synthesis • novel synthesis of materials or processes, including but not limited to nanotechnology, ceramics, etc. Metallurgical process engineering and coal technology • novel developments related to the minerals beneficiation industry • coal technology Chemical engineering education • guides to good practice • novel approaches to learning • education beyond university.