South African Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"The effect of zirconia as a promoter on Cu/MOF-5 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rise in carbon dioxide concentration is a primary anthropogenic source of severe climate change and ecological issues. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ into value-added chemicals and fuels including methanol is one of the attractive environmentally friendly ways to valorize carbon-containing feedstock and reduce global CO₂ emissions. However, enhancing catalytic activity to achieve high methanol yield and selectivity while maintaining stability remains a major challenge. This study investigated the promotion of Cu/MOF-5 catalysts with varying loadings of ZrO₂ to determine its effects on catalytic performance in CO₂ hydrogenation. The copper loading was kept constant while the ZrO₂ content on the MOF-5 support was varied via the impregnation method. The addition of ZrO₂ was found to influence the BET surface area, suggesting the presence of amorphous ZrO₂, as its crystalline phases were not detected in x-ray diffractograms. Catalytic results demonstrated that ZrO₂ addition enhanced the catalytic activity, with increased CO₂ conversion up to 13.2 %. The results showed a correlation between catalytic performance and the reducibility of the active metal, driven by the amount of ZrO₂ present. The catalyst with the highest ZrO₂ loading exhibited the best performance, attributed to its increased surface area and enhanced reducibility. Under optimized conditions (GHSV of 1350 h⁻¹, temperature of 200 °C, and pressure of 30 bar), the catalyst achieved 100 % methanol selectivity. This study underscores the significant role of ZrO₂ as a promoter in enhancing the activity and selectivity of Cu/MOF-5 catalysts, providing critical insights into the design of efficient catalytic systems for CO₂ hydrogenation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000921/pdfft?md5=edbedba8549ece5e2bb997cbd7b2d069&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000921-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of swelling operation parameters to improve the hierarchy of natural zeolite Lampung after synthesis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The swelling method constitutes a component of the hierarchical synthesis step of Natural Zeolite Lampung (NZL). The literature review results indicate that NZL swelling is a pretreatment integral to the synthesis process of NZL. The synthesis of Lampung natural zeolite (NZL) was conducted to form hierarchical zeolites. NZL, as a hierarchical zeolite, is defined as a system containing additional pores. The formation of secondary porosity distinguishes it, reduction of alkali and alkaline earth metals, removal of impurities, transformation of symmetric to asymmetric strains, increase in acidity, and most importantly, the occurrence of dealumination and desilication processes as the cause of the achievement of these indicators. Generally, the initial post-synthesis modification sequence, which typically involves acid and base treatment, is carried out separately. In this study, however, the dealumination and desilication modifications will be carried out simultaneously in a single process, namely by the swelling method. Consequently, it is essential to ascertain the optimal operating parameters at the requisite atmospheric pressure, thus enabling the simultaneous dealumination and desilication processes within the NZL swelling method. In this case, the swelling method is a pretreatment analogous to the initial zeolite activation conducted in previous studies. The swelling NZL method can potentially overcome the laborious and expensive synthesis procedures that currently limit the scale-up of this material into large-scale production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000933/pdfft?md5=5484cc82c5490a6fc53fb7882eb2596e&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000933-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of silica gel from Lapindo volcanic mud as fluorescent fingerprint powder based on methyl orange","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fingerprint powder remains one of the most effective techniques for identifying individuals from their latent fingerprints. Visualizing latent fingerprints requires powder with high color contrast and strong adhesive to be easily applied on various substrates. The utilization of silica gel extracted from local materials of Lapindo volcanic mud can be applied for fluorescent fingerprint powder based on methyl orange. The powder was synthesized by the sol-gel method, followed by the impregnation of methyl orange as a dye with varying loads. The powders exhibit an amorphous structure and nanoparticle size with an average particle diameter of 80.93 nm by spherical morphology interconnected to form agglomerations. The powder contains silanol, siloxane, azo, and carboxylate functional groups derived from its precursors. The dusting method proves the performance of fluorescent fingerprint powder on porous and non-porous substrates hereafter observed under white light and UV light. The powder containing 0.05 gs of methyl orange per gram of silica gel is the most effective in revealing fingerprint patterns on non-porous surfaces. It has mesoporous properties with a specific surface area of 7.95 m²g⁻¹ and a pore diameter of 23.14 nm. SiMO retained its full capability after two years of storage, indicating it is a great choice for forensic investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S102691852400091X/pdfft?md5=c00d6a3569aecdfc50f6670bfdcb28d2&pid=1-s2.0-S102691852400091X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy measures of dendrimers using degree based indices","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Topological indices play a crucial role as molecular descriptors in QSAR/QSPR research. Graph entropy measurements are of great importance in various fields like chemistry, discrete mathematics, and biology. Information-theoretic values derived from topological indices, influenced by Shannon’s entropy, are used to analyze the structural characteristics of chemical graphs and complex networks. We discuss the analysis of graph entropies obtained from a new information function. It is equivalent to both the total number of edges and the various degrees of vertices. The information function is also employed to compute the entropies of the system and build a connection between connectivity indices and degrees. This study examines the chemical graphs of Carboxylate-terminated Zinc Phthalocyanine (CtZP) and Nanostar (NS), using the function to connect degree-based topological indices like First Zegrab index, Second Zagreb index, Hyper Zagreb index, Forgotten index, First Redefined Zagreb index, The Second Redefined Zagreb index, The Third Redefined Zagreb index, and Somber index, to calculate the entropies of these structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S102691852400088X/pdfft?md5=d021e963d359fedc8806f5e7573cefa6&pid=1-s2.0-S102691852400088X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikuwa preservation by edible coating from a combination of young coconut shell liquid smoke and chitosan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to preserve the quality of chikuwa during storage through the application of an edible coating derived from a combination of liquid smoke extracted from young coconut shell pyrolysis and chitosan. Liquid smoke was obtained through pyrolysis at temperatures of 300 °C (T1), 340 °C (T2), 380 °C (T3), and 420 °C (T4), followed by distillation to remove tar and other contaminants. A solution comprising 2 % liquid smoke was utilized to dissolve chitosan (0.5–1.5 % w/w), creating an edible coating, which was then applied to chikuwa samples through a 15-minute immersion process. Throughout the storage period, the quality of the chikuwa was evaluated using total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), total plate count (TPC), most probable number (MPN) <em>Escherichia coli</em> testing, as well as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum killing concentration (MKC) tests against Gram-negative bacteria (<em>E. coli</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium</em>). Results from the TVB test indicated that chikuwa treated with an edible coating, particularly at T4, maintained freshness for up to 168 h. Microbiological analyses revealed that TPC and MPN <em>E. coli</em> values remained compliant with Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for up to 120 h of storage in T4-treated samples, with values of &lt;4.72 × 10⁴ CFU/g and 460 MPN/g, respectively. Furthermore, MIC and MKC values demonstrated the inhibitory and bactericidal effects of young coconut shell liquid smoke against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. typhimurium</em>. Overall, the findings suggest that the application of an edible coating effectively mitigates the deterioration of chikuwa quality during storage, extending up to 120 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000891/pdfft?md5=0cdc60e3f5a9f027e3ecd5966db3a729&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000891-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat and mass transfer conduct in an unsteady two- dimensional stream between parallel sheets","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present research, an effort has been made to analytically solve heat and mass linear/ nonlinear as well as steady/ unsteady equations in a viscous nanofluid squeezed between parallel sheets. Using Python and the SymPy library, the nanofluid with viscous properties between parallel sheets has been analyzed to symbolically solve flow, heat, and mass transfer effects equations through the Homotopy Perturbation Method and Akbari-Ganji Method approaches. The two nanofluids selected to conduct this study are Copper as well as <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, whose sizes are 29 nm and 47 nm respectively. The provided details encompass the outcomes of active variables on flow and the transfer of heat coupled with mass. The Homotopy Perturbation and Akbari-Ganji methods have resulted in top-of-the-line consequences compared to analytical and numerical approaches. This research study highlights a faster and more accurate computation to conduct the analytic section of the study. The outcome shows that the increase of the Prandtl number and the Eckert number will increase Nusselt. However, skin friction increases with the increase in the Schmidt number. Furthermore, a rise in Schmidt number and parameters related to chemical reactions leads to an elevated Sherwood number. The outcomes of the study presented here provide a more innovative and precise insight, and the comparison with the available literature also proves there is a well-agreed numerical calculation. Microchips in engineering and medical-related industries would enjoy the outcomes obtained from this study. This study proves that the maximum and minimum amounts of heat transfer in respect occur at <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span>0 and <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. Moreover, the maximum and minimum amounts of error are equal to 0.0001 and 0.00001, respectively. The maximum and minimum amounts of concentration occur at <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span>1 and <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> in order. Finally, the maximum and minimum amounts of error are equal to 0.000016 and 0.000002, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000878/pdfft?md5=be3f5a6c82475584490ffac3dcd8c929&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000878-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of empty fruit bunch ash as the catalyst for palm oil transesterification","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) resulted from oil palm plantations and mills can be converted into ash through open combustion. The EFB ash then treated by simple calcination and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. The characteristics of EFB ash were identified based on its elemental composition, porous structure, and active site size. The effectivity of the EFB ash as a catalyst was tested in a transesterification reaction of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) with excess methanol (30 %-w) in various catalyst loads (in%-wt). The lab-scale experiments were conducted in a three-neck glass reactor, which was put on the hot plate stirrer at 450 rpm. The EFB ash performed the best as a catalyst by attaining optimal conversion at 65 °C for 1 h with a 16 %-wt of catalyst load. In this condition, most of the standard quality of biodiesel were complied with total glycerol under 0.24% and ester methyl contents up to 98.9 %. The characteristics tests showed that the properties and active side of the EFB ash are excellent after calcination at 600 for 5 h. The recyclability test of EFB ash as a catalyst showed high performance in two repetition cycles, each showing an increase in the yield of biodiesel, which was 92.21 % in cycle 2 and 91.23 % in cycle 3.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000866/pdfft?md5=13b1b16ed835901299fca030ebe3e40a&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000866-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic cracking of crude palm oil into biogasoline over HZSM-5 and USY-Zeolite catalysts: A comparative study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study comprehensively evaluated HZSM-5 and USY-Zeolite as catalysts for producing biogasoline from crude palm oil through a catalytic cracking method, including uncertainty analysis. This study utilized HZSM-5 and USY-Zeolite as catalysts with crude palm oil (CPO) concentration ratios of 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, and 1:125. USY-Zeolite (19.06 %) exhibited a higher biogasoline yield than HZSM-5 (39.56 %) because of its optimal pore structure, as proven by N₂ physisorption characterization. Physicochemical characterization of biogasoline included flash point, viscosity, boiling point, and octane number measurements. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of biogasoline. An elevated catalyst ratio results in reduced liquid yields and biogasoline fractions. At a ratio of 1:125, the HZSM-5 catalyst produced the highest biogasoline yield (39.56 %). GC–MS analysis revealed that biogasoline contained various hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. Life cycle assessment (LCA) also demonstrated that this method can reduce the scarcity of mineral and fossil resources by 85 % and 35 %, respectively. Biogasoline's physical and chemical characteristics are significantly impacted by the type of catalyst and its various modifications. This study provides evidence that the catalytic cracking technique is suitable for producing biogasoline from CPO and yields positive results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000854/pdfft?md5=91e8adfa5a08f0cf08f16ae2196ee190&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000854-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coconut fiber and fly ash polymer hybrid composite treated silane coupling agent: Study on morphology, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite materials made from natural ingredients are currently being developed by researchers as materials that are more environmentally friendly. Hybridization techniques used in making composite materials continue to progress, involving the combination of several raw materials with similar or different properties, such as organic/organic, organic/inorganic, and inorganic/inorganic. In this research, coconut fiber which is an organic material is combined with fly ash which is an inorganic material. The contrasting properties of these two raw materials prompted the evaluation of their combination by including a silane coupling agent, which facilitates the bonding of organic and inorganic components. The essence of this research is to test the effect of adding silane coupling material on several parameters, namely physical properties (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling), mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation, and flexural strength), and thermal properties. To prepare coconut fiber, alkaline treatment is used to remove hemicellulose and lignin. Then, the coconut fiber was soaked in a 5 % vinyltrimethoxysilane (TVS) solution by weight. The addition of silane coupling material affects the physical properties of the composite resulting in a decrease in water absorption by 33 % and a decrease in thickness swelling by 0.3 %. The inclusion of silane coupling agent led to an increase in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and flexural strength, while elongation decreased by 20 %. Thermal properties analysis showed that the silane treatment affected the decomposition of the composite material, reducing it by 2 % from 90 % without the coupling agent to 88 % with the coupling agent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000842/pdfft?md5=229f30345b7cc5ace2d0fb229a493035&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000842-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of ecofriendly L-Fe/Ni nanoparticles prepared using extract of black tea leaves for removal of tetracycline antibiotics from groundwater by response surface methodology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article focuses on employment of nanotechnologies in remediation of tetracycline antibiotics (TC) from groundwater by green synthesized bimetallic Fe/Ni supported by limestone particles. An in-situ green synthesis nanoparticles was prepared using black tea leaves extract to generate a L-Fe/Ni nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using several techniques, such as, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), FTIR (Fourier Transform-Infra Red) spectroscopy and surface area. We then use response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the synthesis process and evaluate the effectiveness of the prepared nanocomposite for tetracycline remediation. We took different simulated concentrations of the TC contaminant without relying on actual TC concentrations in grounwater, the best removal of the TC contaminant in batch study was investigated with relying on the initial concentrations of TC and other experimental factors such as pH, adsorbent nanomaterial concentration and time. A pilot plant was then constructed to eliminate the TC contaminant from groundwater in different concentrations, where the removal efficiency was found decreased with increasing in the concentration of the TC Many parameters affecting the removal mechanisms in statistical and continuous systems were examined to select the best results that accomplish the maximum elimination rate. With the improved operating conditions, (L-Fe/Ni concentration: 1500 mg/L; concentration of TC: 20 mg/L; pH: 7.2; contact time: 128 min), removal percent of TC was found 87 % based on RSM system. The L-Fe/Ni reactive medium of continuous column has a main role in slowing down the movement of the TC plume. This study showed that the ecofriendly nanocomposite could be an appropriate and novel method for remediation of antibiotics and other contaminants in groundwater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918524000829/pdfft?md5=67ec0b60481e51936d04432b2ad554bb&pid=1-s2.0-S1026918524000829-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}