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Research of the Annealing Process of Capillary Tubes for the Manufacture of Medical Syringes 医用注射器毛细管退火工艺研究
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700055
B. P. Yurev, V. A. Dudko
{"title":"Research of the Annealing Process of Capillary Tubes for the Manufacture of Medical Syringes","authors":"B. P. Yurev, V. A. Dudko","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700055","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>At the Pervouralsk New Pipe Plant, in collaboration with the staff of the Ural Federal University, a technological scheme for the production of capillary tubes used for manufacturing disposable medical syringes was developed and implemented. To achieve the desired tube size, the tubes undergo drawing, followed by annealing in a continuous electric furnace with a protective atmosphere to relieve stress. To optimize the annealing process of the tubes, thermal losses were determined based on heat engineering calculations, which allowed for the optimization of furnace power. A calculation of heating elements was performed, determining the diameter and total length of the wire heaters. A method for calculating the heating time of thin bodies for capillary tubes of a given size was substantiated. Based on the constancy of the temperature in the furnace’s working space and heat transfer primarily by radiation, the heating time for capillary tubes of different diameters was determined. When blowing tubes with various gases, pressure losses were calculated for tubes of different diameters and lengths. Temperature fields inside the muffles, through which the capillary tubes move, were investigated. The obtained results are of interest to technologists and can be useful in developing technological schemes for the production of capillary tubes for manufacturing medical needles.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increase in Process Mode Stability by Determining Hot Areas of Steel Ladle 通过确定钢包的热区提高工艺模式的稳定性
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700018
S. S. Belonozhko, D. V. Dmitriev, I. S. Murzin, V. V. Emelyanov, A. A. Meshcheryachenko
{"title":"Increase in Process Mode Stability by Determining Hot Areas of Steel Ladle","authors":"S. S. Belonozhko, D. V. Dmitriev, I. S. Murzin, V. V. Emelyanov, A. A. Meshcheryachenko","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700018","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article considers suggestions about strengthening the resistance of refractory facing of steel-teeming ladles by applying magnesia fluxes and optimizing the temperature mode control of steel ladle casing with the help of specialized equipment. An algorithm of determining the tentative content of main oxides in slag at secondary steelmaking is developed. A possibility of using the equipment for determining hot areas of steel ladles is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reduction of Active Resistance in the Bath of a Ferroalloy Electric Furnace and Energy-Technological Parameters of Smelting 降低铁合金电炉熔池中的活性电阻和冶炼的能源技术参数
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700043
A. P. Shkirmontov
{"title":"Reduction of Active Resistance in the Bath of a Ferroalloy Electric Furnace and Energy-Technological Parameters of Smelting","authors":"A. P. Shkirmontov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700043","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An analysis of the energy-technological parameters of ferroalloy smelting is presented in the context of enlarging furnaces and increasing the power of furnace transformers with the aim of identifying factors that enhance operational efficiency. The increase in furnace power is characterized by a rise in the ratio of electrode current to working voltage, which consequently leads to a decrease in the active resistance of the bath in a ferroalloy electric furnace. This results in an increase in the electrical losses of the furnace. Consequently, the gap between the power of the transformers and the active power in the furnace bath widens, adversely affecting productivity. Options for technical solutions to improve the efficiency of ferroalloy electric furnaces are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of Anticorrosive Action of Alkylphosphonic Acid Solutions in Monoethanolamine Based on the Formation of Chelate Complexes With Iron Ions 基于与铁离子形成螯合物的单乙醇胺中烷基膦酸溶液的防腐作用研究
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091224700116
V. S. Zimovets, I. N. Kravchenko, N. V. Danyakin, S. N. Solovykh, N. N. Bogdashev, M. A. Smagin
{"title":"Study of Anticorrosive Action of Alkylphosphonic Acid Solutions in Monoethanolamine Based on the Formation of Chelate Complexes With Iron Ions","authors":"V. S. Zimovets, I. N. Kravchenko, N. V. Danyakin, S. N. Solovykh, N. N. Bogdashev, M. A. Smagin","doi":"10.3103/s0967091224700116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091224700116","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A study was carried out of the anti-corrosion effect of two acids on St3 steel: nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic (NTP) and oxyethylidenediphosphonic (OEDPA), in combination with monoethanolamine. The dependence of the inhibitory effect of NTP and OEDPA complexes with monoethanolamine on their concentration in solution was studied. The possibility of their use as corrosion inhibitors of low-carbon steel has been shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhibitors: Classification and Mechanism of Corrosion Protection (Literature Review) 抑制剂：腐蚀防护的分类和机理（文献综述）
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091224700128
I. S. Makushchenko, D. N. Smirnov, I. A. Kozlov
{"title":"Inhibitors: Classification and Mechanism of Corrosion Protection (Literature Review)","authors":"I. S. Makushchenko, D. N. Smirnov, I. A. Kozlov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091224700128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091224700128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This work considers corrosion processes as one of the main causes of destruction of materials and structures. Anti-corrosion protection is of great importance in ensuring the maximum service life of structural elements. Today, various methods of anti-corrosion protection are used, including coating with materials containing corrosion inhibitors. The article provides information about corrosion inhibitors. A classification is given by the inhibition mechanism: passivation (anodic protection) and cathodic protection; classification by the inhibitor nature, and the main groups of inhibitors are described. The conditions for the adsorption of inhibitory components onto a metal surface are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140205676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulations of the Drawing Process in a System of Pressure Dies and Work Dies 压模和工模系统中的拉拔过程模拟
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700067
S. A. Kuznetsov
{"title":"Simulations of the Drawing Process in a System of Pressure Dies and Work Dies","authors":"S. A. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700067","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It is suggested to improve the drawing process in terms of reducing the energy costs for drawing and increasing the process speed and productivity. A general picture of the hydrodynamic modes of lubricant flow in the pressure gaps with their dependences on the main design parameters of the prefabricated drawing tool has been presented. Based on this, the task is to develop the designs of prefabricated drawing tools, where the conditions of hydrodynamic friction and lubricant injection into the deformation zone are guaranteed to be met. The design should be universal, i.e., satisfy the conditions for the exact and specific sizes of draw dies, dies, and the whole drawing unit as well as for the expected dimensions of a finished product and a deviation in the workpiece diameter including the wire and cylindrical workpieces. The task was to develop a simplified method to select a set of draw dies of the pressure section and dies of the working group for the subsequent production of a drawing tool using a hydrodynamic mechanism for capturing and injecting technological lubricant into the deformation zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Porosity of Iron-Ore Pellets at Different Stages of Roasting and Reduction 不同焙烧和还原阶段铁矿石颗粒的孔隙率
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s096709122370002x
I. S. Bersenev, I. S. Vokhmyakova, N. K. Ozornin, S. I. Pokolenko, E. R. Sabirov, N. A. Spirin
{"title":"Porosity of Iron-Ore Pellets at Different Stages of Roasting and Reduction","authors":"I. S. Bersenev, I. S. Vokhmyakova, N. K. Ozornin, S. I. Pokolenko, E. R. Sabirov, N. A. Spirin","doi":"10.3103/s096709122370002x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s096709122370002x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Metallurgical properties are determined by the structure of pellets at the macrolevel as well as at the level of minerals and elements. The goal of this work is to analyze changes in the porosity of iron-ore pellets during their lifecycle, from pelletizer to full reduced state. The model used in this work relies on several assumptions: (1) the primary porosity of pellets is built in at crude nodulizing in which case the porous space is partially filled with water and partially with air (when the water evaporates, the space remains air-filled and the dimensions of pellets remain unchanged); (2) at high-temperature firing and baking the porous space volume changes due to the removal of gaseous products of chemical decarbonization, dewatering, oxidation, and baking (as a rule, the volume contraction at baking does not exceed 2–5%); (3) the reduction of pellets makes them more porous as a result of an increase in volume, so-called swelling, which occurs in parallel with the contraction in the volume of the mineral part of pellets at the reduction of iron oxides. Eventually, the reduced pellets are more porous than the oxidized pellets by 100–200% (the porosity of the former is 46–60%). A test data analysis has confirmed the performability of this model. The model can be used for calculating pellet porosity. It is proven that, during their lifecycle, the porosity of pellets undergoes predictable transformation in which case oxidative roasting can either increase or decrease porosity, depending on the furnace charge composition. The reduction of pellets always results in a two-to-threefold increase in porosity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Phase Composition and Aging on Hydrogen Brittleness of High-Pressure Pipelines 相组成和老化对高压管道氢脆性的影响
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700080
S. V. Kuberskii, S. A. Sbitnev, R. E. Velikotskii, V. V. Dolzhkov
{"title":"Influence of Phase Composition and Aging on Hydrogen Brittleness of High-Pressure Pipelines","authors":"S. V. Kuberskii, S. A. Sbitnev, R. E. Velikotskii, V. V. Dolzhkov","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700080","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It is shown on the basis of developing hydrogen brittleness ideas that this parameter is influenced mainly by flawed cavities formed at the ferrite-cementite phase boundary and not by crystal lattice defects and other discontinuities of metal. The influence of antiflaking heat treatment (AFHT) on hydrogen flawed cavity formation is established as well as nonlinear changes in cold resistance at the aging of metal not exposed to AFHT. The influence of microstructural and phase composition and phase formation pattern on the cold resistance of steel is considered. The most pronounced negative effect on cold resistance is produced by all the phases formed by shearing. The influence of the final temperature of the finishing rolling stage on cold resistance is substantiated depending on the critical temperature interval.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of an Automatic Anode Production Line 开发自动阳极生产线
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.3103/s0967091223700079
K. V. Litsin, D. V. Belykh
{"title":"Development of an Automatic Anode Production Line","authors":"K. V. Litsin, D. V. Belykh","doi":"10.3103/s0967091223700079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0967091223700079","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>To modernize the existing manual control copper powder workshop anode production line and achieve superior technological outcomes, researchers designed an operational algorithm for an automated complex within the copper powder project workshop. The team selected equipment for an effective anode production line automation system. They wrote the software code in TIA Portal 16v and implemented a system to visualize the technological process at each stage of the line’s operation. The developed automation system simplifies the control process of the anode production line and enhances its operational reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconditioning of Engine Crankshafts 发动机曲轴翻新
Steel in Translation Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.3103/s096709122311030x
V. A. Skryabin
{"title":"Reconditioning of Engine Crankshafts","authors":"V. A. Skryabin","doi":"10.3103/s096709122311030x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s096709122311030x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article presents technology and equipment for repairing engine crankshafts. Various options for repairing crankshafts are considered. Typical shaft malfunctions, causes and methods for eliminating them are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":21903,"journal":{"name":"Steel in Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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