Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"An optimised molecular-based method for ecological study of tardigrades in soils","authors":"Zi-Yang He ,&nbsp;Hang-Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Keren Wu ,&nbsp;Li Bi ,&nbsp;Shuo Na ,&nbsp;Anthony Weatherley ,&nbsp;Michael Nash ,&nbsp;Ji-Zheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve approaches for studying soil tardigrades, we compared three tardigrade extraction methods, including centrifugal flotation, Baermann funnel, and Whitehead tray, and found that the Whitehead tray method outperformed the two others. We optimised the Whitehead tray extraction condition under various soil pre-treatment processes, sample sizes, light exposure, and extraction time. We found that extending light exposure of non-sieved soils facilitates the extraction of tardigrades. We sequenced the DNA extracted from isolated tardigrade individuals and environmental soil samples, and found that tardigrade DNA extracts yielded a 173-fold increase in the proportion of tardigrade sequences and a 12-fold improvement in the estimation of tardigrade diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109597"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071724002864/pdfft?md5=026f1adebf09d2394bafc868ddb01410&pid=1-s2.0-S0038071724002864-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of soil heterotrophic respiration as a function of soil moisture under different land covers","authors":"Nishadini Widanagamage,&nbsp;Eduardo Santos,&nbsp;Charles W. Rice,&nbsp;Andres Patrignani","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between soil heterotrophic respiration (<em>R</em>_<em>h</em>) and soil moisture has been often studied using disturbed soil samples and simple gravimetric and volumetric soil moisture indicators. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between <em>R</em>_<em>h</em> and soil moisture in terms of water-filled porosity (WFP), matric potential (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ψ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), and relative soil gas diffusivity (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) using undisturbed soil cores obtained under different land covers. Soil CO₂ efflux, WFP, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ψ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> were measured in undisturbed soil samples (250 cm³) collected in the 0–5 cm soil layer (without any vegetation or living roots) under laboratory conditions by combining a CO₂ gas analyzer, a scale, and precision mini-tensiometers. For each site and land cover, we also measured soil chemical properties, soil physical properties, and soil microbial composition using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Grassland soils had the largest total microbial biomass (6275 ng g⁻¹), followed by soils from riparian (5327 ng g⁻¹), and cropland (2745 ng g⁻¹) sites. Bacteria were the dominant group representing 46% (SD = 5%) of the total microbial biomass across all sites and land covers. Maximum <em>R</em>_h was 1.88 (SD = 0.40) μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in grassland, 1.64 (SD = 0.82) μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in riparian, and 0.94 (SD = 0.56) μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in cropland soils. Considering all land cover and soil types, our observations revealed that peak <em>R</em>_<em>h</em> occurred at mean WFP = 0.81 <span><math><mrow><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>Ψ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = −6 kPa, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0.003. Thus, we recommend avoiding the traditional field capacity definition of −33 kPa for representing peak microbial activity. Water-filled porosity was a more consistent predictor of <em>R</em>_<em>h</em> than <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ψ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> or <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> across soils with contrasting organic matter content, total microbial biomass, soil texture, and soil structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109593"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthworms in an enhanced weathering mesocosm experiment: Effects on soil carbon sequestration, base cation exchange and soil CO2 efflux","authors":"Arthur Vienne ,&nbsp;Patrick Frings ,&nbsp;Sílvia Poblador ,&nbsp;Laura Steinwidder ,&nbsp;Jet Rijnders ,&nbsp;Jonas Schoelynck ,&nbsp;Olga Vinduskova ,&nbsp;Sara Vicca","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its attractiveness for long-term carbon dioxide removal (CDR), quantifying weathering and CDR rates for enhanced weathering is a significant challenge. Moreover, the role of soil organisms, such as earthworms, in enhancing silicate weathering (both physically and chemically) has been suggested, but there is limited quantitative data on how biota, especially earthworms, contribute to inorganic carbon sequestration. To address these gaps, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with earthworms and basalt.</div><div>Results indicate increases in clay and cation exchange, causing a weathering rate of over 10⁻¹² mol total alkalinity m² s⁻¹, in range with other basalt experiments. Basalt amendment increased dissolved inorganic carbon export by only 4 g CO₂ m⁻². During the 4.5-month experiment, we observed neither a change in organic nor in inorganic carbon content.</div><div>In soils without earthworms, basalt amendment reduced soil CO₂ efflux by approximately 0.2 kg CO₂ m², suggesting considerable CDR. This decrease was about two times larger than calculated inorganic CDR equivalents, suggesting changes in soil organic matter dynamics.</div><div>Interestingly, earthworms reversed the basalt-induced reduction in soil CO₂ efflux. This reversal was partly due to reduced export of dissolved inorganic carbon but mainly driven by increased organic matter decomposition. Our study highlights the importance of including organic carbon dynamics when evaluating the CDR potential of enhanced weathering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109596"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought impairs detritivore feeding activity more strongly in northern than in southern European latitudes","authors":"María Pilar Gavín-Centol ,&nbsp;Diego Serrano-Carnero ,&nbsp;Marta Montserrat ,&nbsp;Iñaki Balanzategui ,&nbsp;Stefan Scheu ,&nbsp;Jaak Truu ,&nbsp;Klaus Birkhofer ,&nbsp;Sara Sánchez-Moreno ,&nbsp;Jordi Moya-Laraño","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil detritivores play key roles in decomposition processes closely related to ecosystem services. Drought and soil organic carbon depletion due to agricultural management are detrimental to soil biodiversity, but their interactive effects on soil biota and associated processes have not been thoroughly investigated. In 2018, we used rain-out shelters to experimentally induce drought in wheat fields of contrasting levels of organic carbon in Sweden, Germany and Spain. That year Europe experienced a climatic dipole, with exceptionally severe droughts in northern latitudes. We assessed the feeding activity of soil detritivores by bait-lamina tests, and measured several abiotic and biotic soil parameters. In the peak of the dipole drought (summer) southern fields had the driest soils. Nonetheless, detritivore feeding activity responded to the experimental drought by shifting to deeper soil layers there. Low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels exacerbated the latter effect. However, in this same period, feeding activity in northern and central Europe was two orders of magnitude lower than in the south, and failed to respond to either the experimental treatment and/or SOC levels. Using mixed-effects longitudinal random forests, we detected various candidate drivers of detritivore feeding activity: soil moisture, phosphorus content, bacteria and nematodes. Different bacterial taxa were associated to detritivory in each country, but their potential influence was pervasive. Thus, our results suggest that drought had adverse effects on detritivore feeding, which were exacerbated northwards due to the climatic dipole. Increased SOC levels mitigated drought effects only in southern soils. Regional adaptation of soil biota to aridity could explain the response of detritivores in southern Europe to drought. Machine learning algorithms arise as useful tools for exploring potential drivers relating biodiversity to soil processes. Overall, future research on the effects of drought on soil biodiversity and processes will be key for tackling climate change impacts in terrestrial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109594"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in agricultural fields is explained by the historical proximity to natural habitats","authors":"Oscar Zárate Martínez ,&nbsp;Inga Hiiesalu ,&nbsp;Siim-Kaarel Sepp ,&nbsp;Kadri Koorem ,&nbsp;Martti Vasar ,&nbsp;A.Y. Ayesh Piyara Wipulasena ,&nbsp;Siqiao Liu ,&nbsp;Alar Astover ,&nbsp;Maarja Öpik ,&nbsp;Meelis Pärtel ,&nbsp;Tanel Vahter","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil microbes are essential to maintain terrestrial ecosystem functionality. However, their diversity is threatened by land-use change, such as agricultural expansion and intensification. One important microbial group mediating the exchange of nutrients between plants and soil is arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The response of microorganism diversity to present and past habitat amount has been poorly studied. Here, we evaluate the potential role of current and historical natural habitat availability in explaining the diversity of AM fungi in arable fields. We conducted a spatially intensive sampling of three agricultural fields in Estonia. Soil AM fungal diversity was determined by soil DNA metabarcoding. We related AM fungal species richness, along with beta diversity components (turnover and nestedness), to abiotic conditions and natural habitat area availability at different spatial scales and time periods. Our findings showed a positive relationship between AM fungal richness and the amount of natural habitat area. Specifically, current AM fungal species richness was best explained by the amount of natural habitat from 130 years earlier, indicating a legacy effect of past land use on current soil biodiversity. The amount of past natural areas was negatively related to the beta diversity turnover component, indicating a replacement of AM fungal species in disturbed sites. While biodiversity-friendly farming is useful in promoting diverse soil biota, historical legacies can be persistent. Maintaining natural habitats around agricultural fields can further promote soil AM fungal diversity for future generations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109591"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering the role of fairy ring fungi in accelerating nitrogen cycling to promote plant productivity in grasslands","authors":"Mohan Liu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Wei ,&nbsp;Lu Lian ,&nbsp;Junling Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Gail W.T. Wilson ,&nbsp;Matthias C. Rillig ,&nbsp;Shangang Jia ,&nbsp;Gaowen Yang ,&nbsp;Yingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil microorganisms play a key role in the provision of plant-bioavailable nutrients, which is crucial for ecosystem functioning and plant productivity. Fairy rings are widespread features in grasslands accompanied by lush dark-green vegetation bands. This enigmatic feature is caused by increased soil bioavailable nitrogen (N) due to the expansion of fairy ring fungi (FRF). However, little is known about how FRF enhance soil bioavailable N concentrations. Here, we conducted a survey of 35 fairy rings in temperate grasslands to reveal the role of FRF in regulating soil microorganisms and N cycling using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. The presence of FRF accelerated organic N mineralization via promoting extracellular enzyme (β-1,4-<em>N</em>-acetylglucosaminidase) activity, leading to a 455% increase in ammonium-N. This further stimulated nitrification to enhance nitrate-N concentration by favoring ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Concomitantly, the increased nitrate-N did not promote denitrification or affect the potential risk of N loss. Furthermore, the relative abundance of other saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungi was significantly reduced by FRF but the changes in these fungi did not affect the activity of extracellular enzymes involved in N mineralization. Our results suggest that FRF can act as ecosystem engineer species shaping fairy rings by driving soil N cycling without the involvement of other microbial functional groups of saprotroph and symbiotroph to boost plant productivity. Thus, due to the stronger N mobilizing ability, FRF show great potential to be exploited as beneficial microorganisms in plant production and sustainable agricultural development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109595"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest floor nematode communities and associated tree canopies: Is there an ecological linkage?","authors":"Dan Gafta ,&nbsp;Marcel Ciobanu ,&nbsp;Adrian-Ilie Stoica","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We searched for patterns supporting the hypothesis of compositional and functional linkage between forest floor nematode communities and dominant tree canopies, while controlling for some relevant soil and climate variables. Twenty-one forest sampling sites scattered throughout the South-Eastern Carpathian basin were selected under spruce, beech, and hornbeam-oak canopies. The relative contribution of forest canopy type to nematode assemblage differentiation was estimated through nematode taxonomic composition and feeding guild structure. The forest canopy type had a significant effect on nematode taxon/feeding guild composition and diversity at stand level. Several (diagnostic) nematode taxa and feeding guilds were positively associated with and accurately predicted the forest canopy types considered. Apart from the herbivorous nematodes, all the other trophic guilds were significantly related, in terms of their relative abundance, to the forest canopy type. Both nematode taxonomic and trophic diversity were significantly higher under beech canopy compared with its two counterparts. The highest total nematode beta diversity, either taxonomic or trophic, was attained between hornbeam-oak and spruce canopies. Nematode taxonomic and trophic beta diversity between forest canopy types were largely determined by taxon replacement and respectively, by a nested trophic structure. Overall, four concordant and two discordant patterns were revealed between nematode taxon and feeding guild composition with respect to overlying forest canopy, all underpinning the addressed ecological linkage. The present results bring evidence regarding the important contribution of the forest canopy, along with climatic variables, in driving the taxonomic and functional composition/diversity of nematode communities from the soil organic horizon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109592"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071724002815/pdfft?md5=b05626ee50deb739834667ffee6fdfe2&pid=1-s2.0-S0038071724002815-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miscanthus litter additions induce a successional change in the soil micro-food web with apparent decreases in soil nitrogen","authors":"Krisztina Mosdossy ,&nbsp;Cynthia M. Kallenbach ,&nbsp;Jacynthe Masse ,&nbsp;Benjamin Mimee","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid loss of soil carbon (C) from cultivated peatland soils is leading to the use of high lignin, C-rich litter amendments as a potential solution to slow C losses. These chemically recalcitrant litter inputs are expected to cause microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization as a result of changes in the soil micro-food web, but whether bioavailable N is altered by litter as it is decomposed by the micro-food web remains unclear. We monitored changes in the soil nematode, fungal, and bacterial communities over time and across space (the rhizosphere and bulk soil) after field-applying different types of ligneous litter from miscanthus, ash, willow, or larch to a cultivated peatland soil. We found that miscanthus grass (C:N = 118) induced succession from fast-growing nematodes (cp-1) to slower-growing, cp-3 and cp-4 nematodes and this corresponded to reduced N availability. This lower soil N was likely due to relatively higher microbial biomass we observed with miscanthus, combined with a decrease in fast-growing bacterivores, limiting N mineralization from nematode grazing. We did not observe strong effects on the soil micro-food web or microbial biomass N for the other woody litters that had much higher C:N. This indicates that the changes in nematode community composition following ligneous litter inputs and subsequent impacts on soil N depend on litter type but are independent of litter C:N. Miscanthus amendments also corresponded to the lowest lettuce yield of all the amendments and thus caution is raised when using miscanthus straw as a widely-applied litter. Our results provide a useful reference to predict the effect of litter amendments on cultivated peatland soils through soil micro-food web dynamics, and bioavailable N for the crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109589"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term soil fungal community dynamics following fire in mediterranean climate-type banksia woodlands","authors":"Aaron J. Brace ,&nbsp;Katinka X. Ruthrof ,&nbsp;Ben P. Miller ,&nbsp;Joseph B. Fontaine ,&nbsp;Anna J.M. Hopkins","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire is a dominant ecosystem process in many Mediterranean climate type ecosystems, and is predicted to increase in severity and frequency, shifting away from previous regimes in many regions. Responses of flora and fauna to fire are relatively well studied, but less is known about the responses of belowground microbiota. We quantified soil fungal dynamics over the first 12–15 months after fire, focusing on attributes of the fire regime (season, interval, severity). Soil samples were collected from three sites in a threatened woodland ecosystem in southwestern Australia, a Mediterranean-type climate region. Fungal taxa were identified via high throughput sequencing of the ITS subregion and taxonomy assigned using reference databases. Richness, diversity, abundance, community composition, and functional groups were quantified. Over the post-fire sampling period, richness and diversity declined and soil fungal community composition changed significantly throughout the sampling period, with family level taxa and functional groupings experiencing the most change. Through the sampling period, an increase in saprotrophic and endophytic fungi was observed, along with a decrease in all pathogenic fungi. We found that the post-fire fungal community is quite dynamic in the first 12–15 months after fire. We found little effect of fire interval or fire season, though our inference was limited. Our work contributes to putting belowground biota into the same conceptual frameworks as aboveground taxa and serves to inform fire managers in fire-prone Mediterranean climate type regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109579"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon flow from roots to rhizobacterial networks: Grafting effects","authors":"He Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Ruan ,&nbsp;Yakov Kuzyakov ,&nbsp;Yizhu Qiao ,&nbsp;Qicheng Xu ,&nbsp;Qiwei Huang ,&nbsp;Qirong Shen ,&nbsp;Ning Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants recruit microorganisms from bulk soil by secreting easily available organic carbon into the rhizosphere. Grafting often increases the disease resistance of agricultural plants by modifying this carbon flow from roots into rhizosphere and by recruiting active microorganisms that suppress pathogens. Here, we continuously labeled grafted and ungrafted watermelon plants in a ¹³CO₂ atmosphere to identify the active microorganisms assimilating root exudates. Multi-omics associated technologies (amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and metabolomics) combined with ¹³C tracing were used to examine the carbon flows, microbial utilization and transformation in the rhizosphere. The number of potentially active bacterial species recruited in the rhizosphere of grafted plants and utilizing root exudates was four times more than in ungrafted plants. These potentially active species matched to metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) mainly belonging to <em>Sphingomonas</em> in the rhizosphere of ungrafted plants, and to <em>Sphingomonas, Chitinophaga, Dyadobacter</em> and <em>Pseudoxanthomonas</em> in the rhizosphere of grafted plants. <em>Sphingomonas</em> possesses the functional potential to metabolize a plant self-toxic substance, namely 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Furthermore, grafting shaped the complex metabolic interactions and changed the original metabolic dependence between the potentially active bacterial species. Grafting plants diversified belowground carbon flows, activating a greater number of beneficial microbes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109580"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}