Soil Biology & Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Soil function-microbial diversity relationship is impacted by plant functional groups under climate change","authors":"Ramesha H. Jayaramaiah ,&nbsp;Catarina S.C. Martins ,&nbsp;Eleonora Egidi ,&nbsp;Catriona A. Macdonald ,&nbsp;Jun-Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Liu ,&nbsp;Peter B. Reich ,&nbsp;Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ,&nbsp;Brajesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the interactions between plant and soil microbial diversity is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. While the individual roles of plant and microbial diversity in driving ecosystem functions have been widely investigated, their interplay especially under stress conditions remains largely underexplored. This study investigated how interactions between plant and microbial diversity affect key soil functions during and after drought. We simultaneously manipulated soil microbial diversity and plant species richness, while also considering the influence of plant functional groups (PFGs), to investigate their interactions and effects on key soil functions. Our results revealed independent and interactive effects of plant and microbial diversity in shaping soil functions. Microbial diversity loss significantly altered microbial community structure and impacted microbially-driven soil N and P pools and processes such as N-mineralization. These effects were modulated by plant species richness and varied across different PFGs. The relative influence of plant and microbial diversity on soil functions was context-dependent. Microbial diversity showed stronger effects on specific functions, such as phosphatase activity, and under the drought condition. Plant diversity, particularly through PFGs (e.g. legumes), played an independent role in shaping the microbial-driven soil functions. These findings advance mechanistic insights and highlight the importance of considering both above- and belowground biodiversity, along with their interactions, in shaping soil functions and ecosystem resilience, particularly under environmental stress. Further, it emphasizes the need to explicitly consider PFGs, along with above- and belowground biodiversity, as a strategy for preserving essential belowground functions in the face of ongoing environmental changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109623"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture-mineral interactions drive bacterial and organic matter turnover in glacier-sourced riparian sediments undergoing pedogenesis","authors":"A. Peyton Smith ,&nbsp;Kenton A. Rod ,&nbsp;Tayte Campell ,&nbsp;Kaizad F. Patel ,&nbsp;Alice Dohnalkova ,&nbsp;Malak Tfaily ,&nbsp;Lupita Renteria ,&nbsp;Vanessa L. Bailey ,&nbsp;Ryan Renslow","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glacial recession is occurring at unprecedented rates resulting in increased sediment accumulations in some riverine ecosystems providing new mineral surfaces for soil formation. Soils and sediments have an enormous potential to retain carbon (C), predominantly due to sorption to mineral surfaces. However, C persistence may be sensitive to climate-change induced temperature and moisture variations. We coupled ultrahigh resolution organic matter composition classification with bacterial characterization and respiration measurements to test the combined pedogenic effects of temperature (4 vs 20 °C) and moisture (50 vs 100% water-filled pore space) on C turnover in sediments maintained under different mineralogical conditions (illite-amended vs non-amended). Here we show that the inhibition of CO₂ emissions from the combined effect of increased moisture content and illite was reflected in the turnover of key molecular signatures, such as the nominal oxidation state of C, often irrespective of temperature. However, shifts in bacterial communities from a coupled moisture-mineral interaction, were temperature-dependent. Our results highlight the importance of moisture in driving mineral-organic interactions and suggest that C in clay-rich, water-saturated sediments is both thermodynamically unfavorable and mineral-protected from microbial consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109617"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up taxon-specific microbial traits to predict community-level microbial activity in agricultural systems","authors":"Jeth G. Walkup ,&nbsp;Ember M. Morrissey","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microorganisms perform many important ecosystem functions including nitrogen (N) cycling which dictates plant productivity in agricultural ecosystems. Despite the importance of these communities, connecting microbial composition with ecosystem function has been a long standing challenge. Taxon-specific substrate assimilation traits, measured with quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP), may provide a means to scale from microbial community composition to community-level process rates. To test the potential for scaling up taxon-specific N assimilation to predict community-level rates of carbon mineralization, N mineralization, and N immobilization we measured soil properties, microbial activity, and N assimilation using ¹⁵N qSIP in soils from six distinct farm systems. N assimilation, measured as DNA ¹⁵N enrichment, varied among taxa and within taxa across farms. Taxon specific N assimilation was aggregated to calculate a community-weighted mean, which when combined with measures of microbial biomass was used to estimate new microbial biomass N production. This estimate of new microbial biomass production reflects the growth of active microbes over the incubation period and related to microbial activity. The new microbial biomass N produced was predictive of soil C and N mineralization rates, explaining 37–47% of the observed variation across the six farming systems. This approach highlights the ability of trait-based methods to relate microbial community structure data to microbially mediated functional process rates. Such advances may enhance our ability to understand and manage microbially mediated processes, such as N cycling, in both natural and agricultural ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109622"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The divergent role of straw return in soil O2 dynamics elucidates its confounding effect on soil N2O emission","authors":"Huanhuan Wei ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Kun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaotang Ju ,&nbsp;Di Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The divergent effects of straw returns on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soil require elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and factors that explain the inconsistency in <em>in-situ</em> conditions. We conducted a field experiment based on a long-term trial under different regimes of nitrogen (N) fertilization and straw management, complemented by laboratory incubation experiments involving visualized O₂ dynamics imaging. In the field trial, we performed hourly basis high-time-resolution measurements of soil matrix oxygen (O₂), N₂O concentrations and fluxes during N₂O “hot moment” events. We found that straw return increased cumulative N₂O emissions by 32.7% under conventional high N input (N_con), but showed no effect on N₂O emission under optimized N input (N_opt). <em>In situ</em> O₂ content and further microcosm experiments with visualized O₂ spatiotemporal distribution suggested that long-term straw return increases porosity and soil O₂ content, which reduced N₂O emission under low N substrate conditions by improving soil pore structure and aeration during “hot moment” events. By contrast, straw return increased N₂O emission via creating short-term O₂ depletion zone and triggering denitrification in anoxic microsites when excess N substrate was available. Although straw return showed inconsistent effects on N₂O emission under different N application rates, it consistently decreased N₂O concentration in the soil matrix during the \"hot moment\" events, suggesting that straw return increases the transport of the produced N₂O in soil matrix to the soil surface. Our study underscores the multifaceted role of straw return in soil O₂ dynamics, i.e., stimulating O₂ consumption in a short-term microscale of soil, but increasing soil porosity in a long-term mesoscale of soil. This explains the confounding effects of straw management on the production and transportation of soil N₂O <em>in situ</em> and emphasizes the importance of optimized N fertilization for reducing the “hot moment” N₂O emissions when straw is incorporated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109620"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant organ rather than cover crop species determines residue incorporation into SOC pools","authors":"Tine Engedal ,&nbsp;Veronika Hansen ,&nbsp;Jim Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Jakob Magid ,&nbsp;Carsten W. Mueller ,&nbsp;Sune Tjalfe Thomsen ,&nbsp;Helle Sørensen ,&nbsp;Lars Stoumann Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of cover crops has emerged as a promising approach to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, with particular emphasis on the perceived higher carbon use efficiency displayed by high-quality residues such as from leguminous plants. In this study, we explored how different cover crop residues, specifically from a legume and a grass cover crop, affects SOC formation and its distribution across various soil carbon pools. Over a 7-month period, we incubated ¹⁴C-labeled winter rye and hairy vetch residues in microcosms containing soils of varying soil fertility levels from a long-term field trial. We tracked the fate of carbon into free and occluded particulate organic matter (fPOM, oPOM), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), and carbon deposited outside the detritusphere.</div><div>Despite notable differences in C:N ratio, chemical composition, and turnover rate, similar SOC formation efficiency between vetch and rye within each plant organ (shoots and roots) was observed. Interestingly, the plant organ appeared to exert a greater influence on the fate of cover crop carbon than whether the crop was leguminous or non-leguminous. This phenomenon seemed to be closely related to the lignin content.</div><div>At medium soil fertility, we found that the largest proportion of cover crop residue C remained as MAOM (20% for shoots, 15–18% for roots), followed by fPOM (5–6% for shoots, 10–12% for roots) and oPOM (2.7–3.0% for shoots, 1.5–1.6% for roots). Notably, fPOM and oPOM exhibited opposite responses to residue quality, indicating functional distinctions between these often-pooled POM pools.</div><div>Soil fertility exerted minimal influence on overall respiration rate patterns or SOC formation, although it did affect oPOM formation efficiency, likely due to differences in soil aggregation.</div><div>In conclusion, our findings challenge the assumption regarding the superiority of N rich leguminous cover crop residues for enhancing SOC accrual in C pools believed to have longer persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109616"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere priming and effects on mobilization and immobilization of multiple soil nutrients","authors":"Jiayu Lu ,&nbsp;Jiangping Cai ,&nbsp;Feike A. Dijkstra ,&nbsp;Liming Yin ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Weixin Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Living roots and their rhizodeposition play a vital role in mediating soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and nutrient mobilization. It is virtually unknown how the rhizosphere effects on soil nutrient mobilization are connected with the rhizosphere priming on SOC decomposition. Here we investigated the rhizosphere effects of six grassland species (four grasses and two legumes) on soil nutrient mobilization and SOC decomposition with and without nitrogen (N) fertilization in a 95-day pot experiment. Plant nutrient acquisition, soil extractable nutrients, and net nutrient mobilization or immobilization were determined to evaluate the rhizosphere effect on soil nutrient dynamics. Primed SOC decomposition was measured as the difference in soil-derived CO₂–C between planted and unplanted treatments. Without N fertilization, all species consistently increased net phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) mobilization and most species increased net N, sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn) mobilization and net potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) immobilization compared to the unplanted soil. These results suggest that grassland species could induce both positive and negative rhizosphere effects on soil nutrient mobilization with different magnitude. With N fertilization, plant-induced net N mobilization increased, while plant-induced net P and S mobilization decreased. Further, plant biomass, plant N, P, and S acquisition, and plant-induced net N, P, and S mobilization (<em>i.e.</em>, net nutrient mobilization in excess of the unplanted control), were positively correlated with primed SOC decomposition across six species, indicating that the mobilization of organically bound nutrients (N, P, and S) was connected with the rhizosphere priming on SOC decomposition. In contrast, plant-induced net nutrient mobilization of base cations and micronutrients was not related to primed SOC decomposition. Overall, our results demonstrate that a substantial portion of nutrient availability stems from rhizosphere processes and is plant species-specific, and that nutrient release of N, P and S are closely connected with rhizosphere priming on SOC decomposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109615"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrinsic rather than intrinsic factors determine microbial colonization of deadwood","authors":"Julia Moll ,&nbsp;Claus Bässler ,&nbsp;François Buscot ,&nbsp;Björn Hoppe ,&nbsp;Nico Jehmlich ,&nbsp;Harald Kellner ,&nbsp;Sarah Muszynski ,&nbsp;Matthias Noll","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deadwood decomposition is primarily attributed to wood-colonizing fungi and bacteria, driven mainly by intrinsic (e.g. tree species identity) rather than by extrinsic factors. A recent cross-ecosystem study, using gamma-sterilized wood blocks of different coniferous and deciduous tree species placed at 150 forest and 150 grassland sites, revealed that intrinsic factors most strongly influenced rate of decomposition. These results raised the question of whether the wood-colonizing microbial biodiversity follows similar assembly patterns. For this purpose, we used metabarcoding to analyse the fungal and bacterial communities colonizing the wood blocks. We discovered that the wood-colonizing communities were more strongly determined by extrinsic factors such as the ecosystem type and microclimate (air humidity, soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature) than by intrinsic factors (tree species identity, wood pH, wood mass loss). Although overall these results seem to be more pronounced for fungi, both communities comprised highly specialized wood colonizers in both ecosystems. For instance, the fungal genus <em>Mycena</em> and the bacterial genus <em>Granulicella</em> were detected more frequently in forests, whereas <em>Exophiala</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em> were more abundant in grasslands. Wood mass loss exhibited a stronger correlation with reduced fungal diversity, while bacterial richness displayed no association with mass loss, both within and across forest and grassland sites. However, the composition of both colonizers’ communities was consistently linked to wood mass loss. Our study suggests that the environment selects distinct wood-colonizing communities that differ greatly in their decomposition efficiency; this result highlights the importance of cross-ecosystem analyses to assess ecological patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109608"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil nematode community profiling using reference-free mito-metagenomics","authors":"Xue Qing ,&nbsp;Michał Karlicki ,&nbsp;Fan Guo ,&nbsp;Anna Karnkowska ,&nbsp;Hongmei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nematodes are ubiquitous and diverse components of soil ecosystems worldwide. The 18S-based metabarcoding is known to have low species-level resolution and introduce bias in PCR. The mito-metagenomics (MMG) approach involves directly sequencing pooled samples, yields numerous mitochondrial reads that can be assembled into full or partial mitogenomes. This method circumvents the challenges associated with PCR-based metabarcoding and hold significant promise in biodiversity and phylogeny study. However, a reference database is typically required to extract mito-reads/contigs and provide taxonomic or phylogenetic context, thereby limiting its applicability. In this study, we introduced a novel reference-free pipeline for MMG assembly and diversity estimation. This pipeline has been integrated into a snakemake workflow, enabling the generation of output that is readily useable for phylogeny reconstruction in a single run. The performance tests have indicated that this new approach surpasses reference-based methods in soil nematode community profiling. We demonstrated that assembly quality improves with increasing sequencing depth, recommending an average of 1–2 Gb per species to achieve acceptable MMG assembly. Our pipeline presents an opportunity to create high-resolution phylogenies and assess diversity for poorly understood taxa, including neglected microscopic eukaryotes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109613"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Very fine roots differ among switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars and differentially affect soil pores and carbon processes","authors":"Jin Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Tayler C. Ulbrich ,&nbsp;Maik Geers-Lucas ,&nbsp;G. Philip Robertson ,&nbsp;Andrey K. Guber ,&nbsp;Alexandra N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.) is a promising feedstock for biofuel production, with diverse cultivars representing several ecotypes adapted to different environmental conditions within the contiguous USA. Multiple field studies have demonstrated that monoculture switchgrass cultivation leads to slow to negligible soil carbon (C) gains, an outcome unexpected for such a deep-rooted perennial. We hypothesize that different switchgrass cultivars have disparate impacts on soil C gains, and one of the reasons is variations in physical characteristics of their roots, where roots directly and indirectly influence formation of soil pores. We tested this hypothesis at Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center's research site in Michigan using two lowland cultivars (Alamo and Kanlow) and four upland cultivars (Southlow, Cave-in-Rock, Blackwell, and Trailblazer). Three types of soil samples were collected: 20 cm diameter (Ø) intact cores used for root analyses; 5 cm Ø intact cores subjected to X-ray computed tomography scanning used for pore characterization; and disturbed soil samples used for microbial biomass C (MBC) and soil C measurements. Path analysis was used to explore interactive relationships among roots, soil pores, and their impact on MBC, and ultimately, on soil C contents across six cultivars. The abundance of very fine roots (&lt;200 μm Ø) was positively associated with fractions of pores in the same size range, but negatively with distances to pores and particulate organic matter. Higher abundance of such roots also led to greater MBC, while greater volumes of medium pores (50–200 μm Ø) and shorter distances to pores increased MBC. Results suggest that the greater proportion of very fine roots is a trait that can potentially stimulate soil C gains, with pore characteristics serving as links for the relationship between such roots and C gains. However, at present, ten years of cultivation generated no differences in soil C among the studied cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109610"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and biochar application: Implications for soil carbon sequestration","authors":"A.R.G. Mason ,&nbsp;A.J. Lowe ,&nbsp;C. Brien ,&nbsp;N. Jewell ,&nbsp;T.R. Cavagnaro ,&nbsp;M.J. Salomon","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2024.109611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in soil is suggested as an effective climate change mitigation strategy. Biochar application shows promise in this regard, while the role of fungi in soil carbon cycling and sequestration is also under investigation. Using a novel high-throughput plant phenomics approach, we explore the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and biochar application on wheat growth and soil carbon, guided by one of the leading global carbon credit schemes. Wheat was successfully colonised by AMF, achieving an average root length colonisation of 35.9%. We uncover an indirect fungal-mediated pathway to soil carbon sequestration, with mycorrhizal plants generating more biomass across all soil treatments without yield penalties, suggesting colonised plants deliver more plant derived carbon to the soil, potentially leading to long-term soil carbon gains. Conversely, fungal-driven carbon loss occurred, significantly reducing soil carbon accumulation in unamended soil, but not in biochar-amended soil, suggesting that biochar moderates fungal activity and positively impacts the soil carbon balance. While both biochar and AMF enhance plant growth, their direct effects on soil carbon are complex. Although biochar did not significantly increase soil carbon stocks beyond its own contribution, its ability to regulate fungal activity could play an important role in influencing soil carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21888,"journal":{"name":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109611"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}