Soils and Foundations最新文献

{"title":"Integrated remediation through solidification and dewatering of contaminated soil from laboratory investigation to in-situ application","authors":"Tingting Deng ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Deng ,&nbsp;Hang Liu ,&nbsp;Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenshun Hong ,&nbsp;Xueyu Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solidification/stabilization of heavy metal contaminated soils often falls short of achieving the desired quality due to challenges in effectively controlling mixing uniformity. Optimization of mixing equipment and construction technology is a common way to improve mixing uniformity. However, optimizing mixing equipment has high cost, limited site applicability and limited effect on improving uniformity. To solve the problem, a combined solidification/stabilization - vacuum dewatering technique (SSVD) was proposed, which is to increase the water to binder ratio to make the binder and heavy metal contaminated soils mixed evenly and then immediately vacuum dewatering. Its efficiency was explored through both laboratory experiments and a pilot project. Because zinc is a well-known factor that decreases compressive strength and cementation speed, zinc contaminated soil was studied. The findings indicate that the vacuum dewatering successfully removes water from solidified soils during the initial 12 h of setting and hardening in the field, indicating the feasibility of more water incorporation to raise the mixing workability. Furthermore, it can enhance the microstructure to prevent the migration of pollutant, and extract the heavy metals from the solidified mass by the cation exchanges. After 28 days of curing, laboratory tests showed a 1.9-4.1 times’ increment in strength and a 1.7-17.8 times’ reduction in permeability after dewatering. In the field, these values increase by 1.8 times and decrease by 1.7 times, respectively. The Zn²⁺ observed diffusivity also decreases by 2.0 times after dewatering in the laboratory. Microstructure analysis reveals that the vacuum dewatering significantly reduces the porosity of the solidified matrix, thereby enhancing its integrity. The proposed technology holds potential for the application not only in the solidification/stabilization remediation but also in the soft ground improvement in term of the better workability and homogeneity, stronger densification and capsulation, and less pollutant retention and binder consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction method of screw pile bearing capacity under uplift load","authors":"Hongwei Ma ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The screw threads continuously distributed along the surface of the pile significantly modify its bearing mechanism, distinguishing it from traditional column piles. Currently, methods for calculating the uplift bearing capacity of screw piles remain underdeveloped. This study presents a calculation method for the uplift bearing capacity of screw piles based on the segmented displacement coordination iterative method, as well as a prediction method for the ultimate uplift bearing capacity using the intersection convergence method. The accuracy of these methods was validated through model and field tests. Using these theoretical calculation and prediction methods, the uplift bearing characteristics and influencing factors of screw piles were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the unique screw thread structure of screw piles significantly enhances their uplift bearing capacity compared to column piles. The <em>P-s</em> curve of screw piles exhibits a slow variation characteristic, and under ultimate bearing state, the shaft resistance is primarily provided by the deeper soil layers. The ultimate uplift bearing capacity of screw piles rises initially and declines as the screw pitch increases, reaching its maximum value when the screw pitch equals the second critical screw pitch. Furthermore, as the internal friction angle increases, screw piles outperform column piles more significantly in uplift capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifuge model tests on liquefaction-induced settlement of river embankments reinforced by floating-type cement treatment method","authors":"Masahide Otsubo ,&nbsp;Yuta Miura,&nbsp;Kazuya Ueda,&nbsp;Shunsuke Tanimoto,&nbsp;Masanori Ishihara,&nbsp;Tetsuya Sasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loose sandy soil layers are prone to liquefaction under strong earthquakes, causing damage to civil engineering structures inside or upon the liquefied ground. According to the present Japanese design guideline on liquefaction countermeasures for river levees, the entire depth of the liquefiable subsoil below river embankments should be improved. However, this approach is not economical against deep liquefiable subsoil. To rationalize the design approach, this contribution investigated the performance of a floating-type cement treatment method, in which only the shallower part of the liquefiable subsoil is reinforced. A series of centrifuge shaking table model tests was conducted under a 50<span><math><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span> environment. The depth of improvement (cement treatment) was varied systematically, and the effect of the sloping ground was examined. The experimental results revealed that the settlements of river embankments can be reduced linearly by increasing the depth of improvement. Moreover, the acceleration of embankments can be reduced drastically by the vibration-isolation effect between the cement-treated soil and the liquefiable soil. These effects contribute to the safe retention of the embankment shape even when the liquefied sloping ground causes lateral flows. Towards practical implementation, discussions on the effect of permeability on cement-treated soil were expanded. Furthermore, the stress acting on cement-treated soil during shaking was measured using an acrylic block to explain the occurrence of cracks in the soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of mineralogy on the undrained monotonic simple shear response of compacted filtered copper tailings","authors":"Rodrigo Zorzal Velten ,&nbsp;Carina Ulsen ,&nbsp;João Paulo Rodrigues da Costa ,&nbsp;Carlos Alex Alves Lima ,&nbsp;Maiki Mafessoli ,&nbsp;João Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho ,&nbsp;Nilo Cesar Consoli","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailings are anthropic materials whose behavior can be greatly affected by the mineralogy of their particles and the fabric formed. This paper focuses on the effects of tailings composition under plane strain conditions. For this, two copper tailings from distinct mines are studied. The tailings present a similar particle grading and morphology, so the main difference between them is restricted to mineralogy. Three compaction degrees and four effective confining pressure values (ranging from 50 to 400 kPa) were adopted. For the first time, the results of copper tailings under plane strain conditions are presented in the light of critical state soil mechanics due to the use of a simple shear apparatus equipped with backpressure and known horizontal stresses. The results revealed the influence of mineralogy on the critical state parameter <em>M</em> and the shape of the <em>v</em> – log <em>p′</em> critical state lines. This highlights the importance of acknowledging mineralogy influence for properly designing tailings storage facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations and sustainability assessments of ground improvement studies of expansive soils","authors":"Anand J. Puppala ,&nbsp;Nripojyoti Biswas ,&nbsp;Md Ashrafuzzaman Khan ,&nbsp;Surya S.C. Congress","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expanding and maintaining transportation network assets on shrink-swell soils is a major problem for civil infrastructure owners and agencies across the world. Particularly, lightweight structures such as pavements experience distress due to differential heaving, cracking, shoulder dropping, and others. They can be primarily attributed to non-uniform moisture cycles, which severely impact both the short- and long-term performance of the structures. Among the available ground improvement techniques, both traditional and non-traditional methods are being effectively used to improve soil engineering properties and reduce distress during the service life period of the infrastructure asset. Novel chemical treatment methods and innovative geosynthetics have been employed to mitigate the distresses caused by shrink/swell movements from underlying expansive soils. The research team has studied applications of co-additives such as Geo-polymers and silica fines for stabilizing sulfate-rich expansive subsoils. An overview of stabilization studies using chemical additives, along with comprehensive sustainability analyses of these methods, were discussed in this paper. In addition, case studies on the application of geosynthetic products, including geocells and wicking geotextiles, for improvements of pavement performance built over expansive soils, are provided. Overall, the application of these new ground improvement techniques will be of immense help to infrastructure and transportation sectors and agencies as their usage would promote sustainable benefits with a higher return on investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high pressure on microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation of methane hydrate-bearing sand layers","authors":"Joyce Nakayenga ,&nbsp;Toshiro Hata ,&nbsp;Alexandra Clarà Saracho ,&nbsp;Stuart Kenneth Haigh","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sporosarcina newyorkensis</em> is an indigenous microbe found in sedimentary layers bearing methane hydrates in the oceans around Japan’s main islands. It can survive extremely cold temperatures and precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This has led to interest in applying the microbe in microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) to improve the properties of the surrounding sand and to facilitate the exploration of methane hydrates. Using the injection method, a large-scale laboratory experiment was conducted in this study on sand columns with a diameter of 60 cm and a height of 70 cm to evaluate the MICP performance of <em>S. newyorkensis</em> under high overburden pressures of 3.5 and 20 MPa. The results indicated that <em>S. newyorkensis</em> can precipitate CaCO₃ at high overburden pressures and reduce the permeability of sand. The unconfined compressive strength and amount of precipitated CaCO₃ were seen to decrease with the distance from the injection well, but they remained sufficient to distances of up to 20 cm. <em>S. newyorkensis</em> was also found to increase the pH level, which would further promote CaCO₃ precipitation and, in turn, lower hydraulic conductivity and stabilize hydrate-bearing sand formations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping force-transfer arch to retain subsurface cavity in coarse sandy ground","authors":"Daichi Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Masahide Otsubo ,&nbsp;Reiko Kuwano","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground cave-ins, which are the collapse and discontinuous subsidence of the ground surface, are thought to be caused by the expansion and upward movement of subsurface cavities due to fluctuations in the groundwater table or earthquakes. Compared to cohesive clays or plastic silts, cohesionless sands are more vulnerable to cavity formation and subsequent ground cave-ins. With recent technology, such as ground-penetrating radar, geometrical information on cavities, <em>e.g.,</em> location and shape, can be detected. In practice, the soil cover thickness-to-cavity width ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>) is often used for risk assessments of cave-ins. However, it is questionable whether <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span> alone is sufficient for these risk assessments since the mechanical responses, such as the resistance of the remaining soil above the cavity, are not considered. For this reason, the aim of the present contribution is to understand the mechanism underlying the subsurface cavity stability by considering the force transfer around the cavity. Suction measurement, cavity retention, and needle penetration model tests were conducted using various coarse granular materials. The results revealed that suction is essential to preventing cavities from collapsing, and that suction is higher for smaller particles, particles with lower degrees of saturation, and particles with angular shapes and smoother surfaces. In addition to <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>, the mechanical interlock from angularity or roughness contributes to cavity stability. Laboratory needle penetration tests revealed the existence of a force-transfer arch between the sound and weakened zones around a cavity, which is related to the cavity stability. Furthermore, the position of the arch is affected not only by <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>, but also by the particle characteristics (<em>e.g.,</em> friction angle) and cavity roof shape. Therefore, considering the material type and the shape of the cavity roof, along with <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>, will lead to enhanced assessments of the cave-in potential of subsurface cavities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response of embankment dams: Shear beam analysis vs field observations","authors":"Krishna Santhosh ,&nbsp;Tadahiro Kishida ,&nbsp;George Mylonakis","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embankment dams are critical elements of infrastructure and perform as a system by integrating various components such as foundation, core, shell, filter and spillway. To analyze their entire response, it is important to properly identify the dynamic characteristics of the overall system based on observations. This paper explores the dynamic response of dams using an analytical shear beam analysis under plane-strain conditions, considering the variation of shear modulus and cross-sectional area with height. The governing differential equation is first solved analytically using Bessel functions, and dynamic response parameters are derived for different natural modes. Transfer functions are then derived from the bedrock to the crest for different variations of shear modulus and levels of material damping. Using these analytical results, the study assesses the applicability of the shear beam analysis to 23 embankment dams in Japan, utilizing decades of recorded acceleration time histories to identify their dynamic response and shear wave profiles with height.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serviceability performance of piled raft foundations under vertical loads in clayey and sandy soils","authors":"Der-Wen Chang ,&nbsp;Shih-Hao Cheng ,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Chan-Yen Tseng ,&nbsp;Louis Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the serviceability performance of piled raft foundations (or combined pile-raft foundations, CPRF) in various soils using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. The piled raft foundation was assumed to be embedded respectively in homogeneous clayey soils and sandy soils under vertical loading. The displacements and reactions of the piles were carefully observed. In comparing the influences of soil stiffness, raft width, pile-to-pile spacing distance, and pile length, it was found that the embedment depth of the foundation could significantly affect the serviceability of the piles. For embedment depths ranging from 0 m to 12 m, the pile loads can be reduced by approximately 40 % to 60 % of the foundation load, depending on the number of piles involved. The displacements of piled raft foundations in clays decrease with increased embedment depth. However, the effects of embedment depth on foundation displacements are smaller in sands. Furthermore, the load ratio of the piles and the displacement ratio of the CPRF were calculated to demonstrate their dependence on the slenderness ratio of the piles and the number of piles. Both ratios aligned with the guidelines the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) proposed for CPRF systems. Notably, attention is drawn to the depth of raft embedment, as it significantly influences pile responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment, modelling, and simulation of rate-dependent stress–strain behaviour of unbound geomaterials","authors":"Fumio Tatsuoka ,&nbsp;Hervé Di Benedetto","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various trends in rate-dependent stress–strain behaviour caused by the viscous properties of a wide variety of unbound geomaterials that were observed under drained triaxial compression, plane strain compression, direct shear, and one-dimensional compression (i.e., oedometer testing) are summarized referring to those of bound geomaterials and others. The following findings are shown. As the interparticle contact points become more stable and the stability of the particles against rotation increases, the viscous properties become closer to the traditional type, namely, Isotach, whose stress–strain behaviour is determined by the instantaneous irreversible strain rate and whose strength during monotonic loading (ML) at a constant strain rate increases with an increase in the strain rate. A couple of non-traditional (i.e., non<em>-</em>Isotach) types of properties were found with granular materials (GMs) that exhibit noticeable creep deformation, stress relaxation, and changes in stress upon changes in the strain rate. Unbound poorly graded sub-angular to angular GMs exhibit the so-called TESRA type of properties (also called the viscous evanescent type), for which the stress–strain behaviour during ML at a constant strain rate is essentially independent of the strain rate. Unbound poorly graded sub-round to round GMs display the so-called Positive and Negative (P&amp;N) type of properties, for which the strength during ML at a constant strain rate decreases with an increase in the strain rate. The combined type displays intermediate behaviour combining the Isotach and TESRA types of properties. These types of viscous properties are quantitatively characterized by a couple of functions and parameters, and they were incorporated into the non-linear three-component (NTC) model. All the observed trends in rate-dependent stress–strain behaviour are well simulated by the NTC model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 101599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}