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Political Ideology and Attitudinal Ambivalence: Investigating the Role of Ideological Extremity 政治意识形态与态度矛盾：调查意识形态极端性的作用
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231222958
Axel M. Burger
{"title":"Political Ideology and Attitudinal Ambivalence: Investigating the Role of Ideological Extremity","authors":"Axel M. Burger","doi":"10.1177/19485506231222958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231222958","url":null,"abstract":"Are individual differences in political ideology associated with inclinations to hold more or less ambivalent attitudes? Extant research on the linear association of political ideology with attitudinal ambivalence yielded inconsistent findings. The present research tested the hypotheses (a) that the association of political ideology with attitudinal ambivalence is curvilinear with lower levels of ambivalence at both extremes of the ideological spectrum and (b) that higher political interest is associated with lower levels of attitudinal ambivalence. It used data from large and demographically diverse electoral surveys in a set of three studies (Study 1: N = 13,808; Study 2: N = 6,528; Study 3: N = 4,789) that focused on attitudes toward political candidates (Studies 1 and 2) as well as political parties (Study 3) in Germany. Overall, the results support both hypotheses even when general attitudes toward the politicians and parties are controlled in the analyses.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic Inequality and Unfairness Evaluations of Income Distribution Negatively Predict Political and Social Trust: Evidence From Latin America Over 23 Years 对收入分配的经济不平等和不公平评价可负面预测政治和社会信任：拉丁美洲 23 年来的证据
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231221310
Efraín García-Sánchez, J. D. García-Castro, G. Willis, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón
{"title":"Economic Inequality and Unfairness Evaluations of Income Distribution Negatively Predict Political and Social Trust: Evidence From Latin America Over 23 Years","authors":"Efraín García-Sánchez, J. D. García-Castro, G. Willis, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón","doi":"10.1177/19485506231221310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231221310","url":null,"abstract":"Research has produced mixed results on the relationship between economic inequality and social and political trust. These studies overrepresent developed countries, cross-sectional designs, and overlook the role of subjective evaluations of inequality. We use 13 waves from 18 Latin American countries over 23 years (above 250,000 participants) to examine the association between structural inequality and fairness evaluations with political and social trust. Multilevel regression analyses for comparative longitudinal surveys suggest that within-country changes in economic inequality over time are negatively associated with political and social trust. However, between-country inequality was negatively related to social trust but not political trust. In addition, fairness evaluations of inequality were positively related to social and political trust. Exploratory analyses revealed that fairness evaluations mediated the negative association between economic inequality and political and social trust. We discussed that fairness evaluations of inequality may explain why inequality affects social and political trust.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"52 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empathy Trends in American Youth Between 1979 and 2018: An Update 1979 年至 2018 年美国青少年的移情趋势：最新情况
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231218360
Sara Konrath, Alison Jane Martingano, Mark Davis, Fritz Breithaupt
{"title":"Empathy Trends in American Youth Between 1979 and 2018: An Update","authors":"Sara Konrath, Alison Jane Martingano, Mark Davis, Fritz Breithaupt","doi":"10.1177/19485506231218360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231218360","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has found declining dispositional empathy among American youth from 1979 to 2009. We update these trends until 2018, using three datasets. Study 1 presents a cross-temporal meta-analysis of undergraduates’ empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), finding significant cubic trends over time: perspective taking (PT) and empathic concern (EC) both increased since 2009. Study 2 conceptually replicated these findings using nationally representative datasets, also showing increasing PT (Study 2a: American Freshman Survey) and EC (Study 2b: Monitoring the Future Survey) since 2009. We include economic, interpersonal, and worldview covariates to test for potential explanations, finding evidence that empathy trends may be related to recent changes in interpersonal dynamics.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unconstraining Evaluative Conditioning Research by Using the Reverse Correlation Task 利用反向相关任务解除对评价性条件反射研究的束缚
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231217526
M. Rougier, Jan De Houwer
{"title":"Unconstraining Evaluative Conditioning Research by Using the Reverse Correlation Task","authors":"M. Rougier, Jan De Houwer","doi":"10.1177/19485506231217526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231217526","url":null,"abstract":"In the evaluative conditioning effect, pairing neutral stimuli (conditioned stimuli) with valenced stimuli (unconditioned stimuli) changes the evaluation of the former. We examined this effect with a reverse correlation task that assesses how participants visually remember the conditioned stimuli. Importantly, this measure (1) does not require participants to evaluate stimuli and (2) allows them to capture multiple trait attributions. In a pre-registered experiment with US Prolific Academic users, we observed an evaluative conditioning effect in both an evaluation task and a reverse correlation task. Moreover, the effect in the reverse correlation task went beyond mere changes in valence. Our work opens new empirical and theoretical challenges for future conditioning research.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"25 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Victims and Perpetrators Justify Intimate Partner Violence Even While They See It Happening in Front of Their Eyes? 即使受害者和施暴者亲眼目睹亲密伴侣间的暴力行为，他们还会为这种行为辩解吗？
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231217759
Cantyo A. Dannisworo, E. Kluwer, X. Arriaga, Ruddy Faure, Yannick Griep, Johan C. Karremans
{"title":"Do Victims and Perpetrators Justify Intimate Partner Violence Even While They See It Happening in Front of Their Eyes?","authors":"Cantyo A. Dannisworo, E. Kluwer, X. Arriaga, Ruddy Faure, Yannick Griep, Johan C. Karremans","doi":"10.1177/19485506231217759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231217759","url":null,"abstract":"When intimate partner violence occurs, both victims and perpetrators may justify the violence. However, efforts to understand justifying violence typically rely on written descriptions of violent acts or are assessed well after the violence has occurred. Do victims and perpetrators justify violence even while they see it happening? A novel paradigm addressed this question in two cross-sectional studies (Study 1, N = 535 and Study 2, N = 480). Using this paradigm, participants in the violent and non-violent relationships gave in-the-moment and continuous justification ratings (using a slider) as they watched video clip(s), each depicting a couple having a heated and violent fight. The results showed that participants who previously had experienced victimization or perpetration were more likely to justify the violence, both during and after watching the violent clips. This research provides new insights into the nature of violence justification and offers a novel paradigm for future studies.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Functionalist Approach to Seeking Anonymity: Examining the Role of Motives, Cost, and Individual Differences 寻求匿名的功能主义方法：研究动机、成本和个体差异的作用
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231217523
Lewis Nitschinsk, Stephanie J. Tobin, E. Vanman
{"title":"A Functionalist Approach to Seeking Anonymity: Examining the Role of Motives, Cost, and Individual Differences","authors":"Lewis Nitschinsk, Stephanie J. Tobin, E. Vanman","doi":"10.1177/19485506231217523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231217523","url":null,"abstract":"Anonymity is widely available in online environments, yet more needs to be understood about why people seek it out. In three studies ( N = 677), we used a novel dictator game to assess how financial motivations, cost, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy influence people’s choice to seek anonymity. We found that: (1) People sought anonymity to keep more money for themselves or to give more money to their partner. (2) Those high in Machiavellianism viewed anonymity as valuable and were motivated to keep more money for themselves only when they were anonymous. (3) Those high in psychopathy viewed anonymity as less valuable and were less likely to pay to be anonymous to achieve their goals. Our findings shed new light on the complex interplay of individual differences, motivations, and situational affordances in shaping people’s behavior.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"1 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Being Social and Active Boosts Psychological Wellbeing: A Mediating Role of Momentary Positive Emotions 为什么社交和活动能促进心理健康？瞬间积极情绪的中介作用
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231218362
Rui Sun, Irene Teulings, D. Sauter
{"title":"Why Being Social and Active Boosts Psychological Wellbeing: A Mediating Role of Momentary Positive Emotions","authors":"Rui Sun, Irene Teulings, D. Sauter","doi":"10.1177/19485506231218362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231218362","url":null,"abstract":"Social interactions and active activities are key to psychological wellbeing, but how do these activities improve wellbeing? Building on work showing that positive emotional experiences help build psychological resources, we test the prediction that momentary positive emotional experiences mediate the relationships between social interactions, active activities, and wellbeing. In a pre-registered experience sampling study, 106 participants reported their wellbeing, momentary emotional experiences, and activities linked to intense emotions five times per day for 15 days (7,110 observations). Participants reported experiencing more intense positive emotions when interacting with others (especially face-to-face), and when engaged in active (versus passive) activities. As predicted, positive emotional experiences partially mediated the positive relationships between social interactions and wellbeing, and between active activities and wellbeing (explaining 25% and 12% of variance, respectively). These findings show that intense emotional experiences can be elicited by social and active activities, helping explain how these activities aid our psychological wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"252 3‐5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increases in Intellectual Humility From Guided Conversations Are Greater When People Perceive Affiliation With Conversation Partners 当人们认为自己与对话伙伴有亲缘关系时，引导式对话对智力谦逊性的提升更大
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231213775
Katherine R. Thorson, Lindsey A. Beck, S. Ketay, Keith M. Welker
{"title":"Increases in Intellectual Humility From Guided Conversations Are Greater When People Perceive Affiliation With Conversation Partners","authors":"Katherine R. Thorson, Lindsey A. Beck, S. Ketay, Keith M. Welker","doi":"10.1177/19485506231213775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231213775","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual humility involves awareness that one’s knowledge has limitations and that one’s beliefs might be incorrect. Despite documented benefits of intellectual humility, few studies have examined factors associated with long-term changes in intellectual humility. This study investigated whether an intervention focused on guided conversations was associated with increases in intellectual humility and whether these changes were stronger when people perceived greater affiliation with their conversation partner. Participants ( N = 937) completed an intervention with four guided conversations and reported on their relationship with their partner after each conversation. Intellectual humility was measured before the first conversation, immediately after the last conversation, and 1 month following the last conversation. As hypothesized, intellectual humility increased over time, especially when people perceived greater affiliation with their conversation partner. These findings suggest that intellectual humility interventions with social components may have stronger effects when people perceive greater affiliation with their partners.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does It Feel Like Yesterday or Like It’s Been Forever? Subjective Time Since Sex in Romantic Relationships 感觉恍如昨日还是恍如隔世？浪漫关系中的主观性爱时间
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231217529
Elysia Vaccarino, Stephanie Raposo, A. Muise
{"title":"Does It Feel Like Yesterday or Like It’s Been Forever? Subjective Time Since Sex in Romantic Relationships","authors":"Elysia Vaccarino, Stephanie Raposo, A. Muise","doi":"10.1177/19485506231217529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231217529","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual frequency in relationships is associated with satisfaction. Beyond objective reports, the subjective time since sex might also be associated with relationship evaluations. When sex feels further away, do people feel less satisfied? Do they desire sex more? In a cross-sectional study (Study 1), when one’s last sexual experience felt further away, people reported lower sexual satisfaction and desire. In an experimental study (Study 2), women (but not men) who were made to feel that the last sex was further (vs. closer) reported lower desire, but overall, there was limited evidence of causal effects. However, in a 21-day daily experience study (Study 3), within-person lagged models revealed that sex feeling further away was associated with lower sexual satisfaction, but higher desire, tomorrow, and higher desire and satisfaction were associated with sex feeling further away tomorrow. Subjective time since sex has nuanced associations in relationships, especially with desire and satisfaction in daily life.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"695 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impatience Over Time 不耐烦的时间
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231209002
Annabelle R. Roberts, Ayelet Fishbach
{"title":"Impatience Over Time","authors":"Annabelle R. Roberts, Ayelet Fishbach","doi":"10.1177/19485506231209002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231209002","url":null,"abstract":"Waiting is ubiquitous yet painful. We find that the discomfort of waiting intensifies as the wait draws closer to its end. Using longitudinal studies that measured impatience for real-world events, we documented greater impatience closer to learning the results of the 2020 U.S. presidential election (Study 1), receiving the first COVID-19 vaccine (Study 2), and boarding a bus (Study 3). Follow-up experiments found that a desire for closure underlies this effect, and that impatience increases at the end of the wait controlling for how long people have already been waiting (Supplemental Studies 1–4). These findings suggest that the distress of waiting escalates when the wait is almost over.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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