Sexual medicine reviews最新文献

{"title":"Perspective on \"Sexual health in the era of artificial intelligence: a scoping review of the literature\".","authors":"Joana Carvalho, Samuel Silva","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penile prosthesis for erectile dysfunction: recommendations from the 5th International Consultation on Sexual Medicine.","authors":"Tobias S Köhler, Ricardo Munarriz, Justin Parker, Carlo Bettocchi, Georgios Hatzichristodoulou, Francisco E Martins, Ignacio Moncada, Daniar Osmonov, Sung Hun Park, David Ralph, Run Wang","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Penile prosthesis (PP) is one of the main approved therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED). Greater than 50 years of clinical use has led to considerable innovation in PP surgery and patient care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To summarize the current literature and provide updated clinical evidence to inform healthcare providers on best practices with PP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A consensus panel was held with leading sexual medicine experts during the 5th International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM). Relevant peer-reviewed literature was reviewed with focus on research from but not limited to the last 10 years. The quality of each individual study was judged with Oxford levels of evidence (LOE) criteria, but overall LOE were not used as systematic review was not performed. The expert panel generated consensus statements based on the quality of evidence and criteria of GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PP provides excellent outcomes for the treatment of ED. The panel developed 35 recommendations building upon previous recommendations. Nine recommendations (4, 5, 11,13,17, 25, 26, 31, and 32) are retained without change from 2015. Twelve recommendations (1, 2, 3, 7, 9,14,16,19,21, 28, 33, and 34) change syntax to make statements more active or change details. Fourteen recommendations (6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, and 35) are novel in this update.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since the 4th ICSM, new evidence has emerged to guide PP use in modern sexual medicine. While multi-institutional studies are needed to improve outcomes, key challenges remain: reducing infections, enhancing devices, and improving awareness and accessibility. We recommend following 5th ICSM guidelines while emphasizing the importance of clinical judgment and shared decision-making for optimal PP outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum erectile devices for erectile dysfunction: recommendations from the 5th international consultation on sexual medicine.","authors":"Run Wang, Francisco E Martins, David Ralph, Georgios Hatzichristodoulou, Daniar Osmonov, Justin Parker, Sung Hun Sean Park, Ignacio Moncada, Carlo Bettocchi, Ricardo Munarriz, Tobias Köhler","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vacuum erectile device (VED) is 1 of the main approved therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED). The introduction of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) for ED significantly changed the roles of VED in contemporary sexual medicine.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide updated clinical evidence to inform health care providers on best practices with VED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A consensus panel was held with leading sexual medicine experts during the 5th International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM). Relevant peer-reviewed literature was reviewed with focus on research from the last 10 years, but not limited to the last 10 years. The expert panel generated consensus statements based on the quality of evidence and criteria of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a primary or combination therapy for ED, VED has been shown to be successful in all populations studied, including difficult to treat cohorts, such as diabetes mellitus, spinal cord injury, and post-radical prostatectomy (RP), but long-term attrition rates are high. Available evidence has shown that VED can preserve or restore penile size for patients after RP, after incision and grafting surgery for Peyronie's disease, before and after penile prosthesis, and after other post pelvic surgeries. However, it has not demonstrated a more rapid recovery of spontaneous erectile function after RP. VED does not increase penile length for subjective short penis. Studies with female specific VED for female sexual dysfunction are very limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since the prior 4th ICSM, more evidence is available to support the new roles of VED in contemporary sexual medicine. Research into the penile pathophysiologic changes with VED therapy and clinical outcomes for various conditions are ongoing. We encourage sexual medicine clinicians to follow the 5th ICSM recommendations, but providers should also use their own judgement and adopt shared decision making with their patients/partners when considering VED for a specific disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical techniques in chondrolaryngoplasty: a narrative review.","authors":"Rodolfo B S de Almeida, Claudiney C Costa, Hugo V L Ramos, Pauliana L E Silva Duarte, Leandro C Velasco, Onivaldo Cervantes","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chondrolaryngoplasty, also known as \"Adam's apple\" reduction, is a surgical procedure that diminishes the prominence of the thyroid cartilage. Primarily sought by transgender women, the procedure is performed for esthetic reasons to align with their identified gender. It can also be done for cisgender individuals seeking reduced prominence. Despite its safety, there are risks due to the proximity to vocal cords, and variations may impact results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the main techniques available in the literature for performing chondrolaryngoplasty, as well as the differences in the results of each technique applied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Research utilized databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus) from inception to March 2023, focusing on randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies, and case series published in English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese. Selected studies provided results including satisfaction rates, surgical time, and/or details on complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>21 eligible results, four of which were excluded because the full text was not available and four because they did not meet the research objectives. Thus, 13 articles were included in the analysis, eight of which reported on external approach surgical procedures (via surgical incision) and five on transoral procedures, totaling 355 living patients evaluated, as well as 11 cadavers. The complications reported are considered mild and transient, and do not contraindicate the procedure. Among the factors that most interfere with patient satisfaction is the apparent scar, which is avoided with the transoral surgical approach, which has been reported more recently.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chondrolaryngoplasty is an esthetic surgical procedure that aims to reduce the prominence of the thyroid cartilage and is most commonly performed on transgender women. Studies show that it is a safe procedure, with rare complications that are generally transient. The main drawback of the surgery is the apparent scar which can be avoided by a transoral approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of nitrates and NO-donors as a transdermal therapy for erectile dysfunction: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Fatemeh Khorasanian, Maryam Shami, Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh, Marziye Ranjbar Tavakoli, Hojjat Rezaiezadeh, Hamid Forootanfar","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is among the most prevalent urologic issues affecting men globally, with a notably high incidence rate. It significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and their sexual partners.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Given the increasing prevalence of ED among men in recent years, numerous pharmacotherapies have been developed to address these conditions. However, systemic drug therapies for ED are often associated with significant challenges, including drug interactions and contraindications across a wide range of medical conditions. This has prompted researchers to focus on designing drugs and dosage forms that maintain efficacy while reducing side effects, interactions, and contraindications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Building on previous studies, this article investigates nitrates and NO-donors with a focus on their transdermal impact, strategies for enhancing therapeutic efficiency, potential local side effects, and the evaluation of various formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this regard, organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate and NO donors comprising volatile alkyl nitrites, linsidomine, sodium nitroprusside, and L-arginine are among good candidates for transdermal formulations of ED treatment. In the current article, the topical effects of these compounds, both alone and in combination with other drugs, have been thoroughly examined, including aspects such as their mechanism of action, effectiveness, side effects, and contraindications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these findings, it appears that novel formulations with enhanced absorption of these compounds could play a significant role in the treatment of ED, either as a standalone therapy or as an adjunctive treatment. Currently, most of the data are from preclinical studies and future clinical research can reveal the precise efficacy of such transdermal formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring female genital self-image: a psychological and sociocultural perspective.","authors":"Ghada Farouk Mohammed, Mohammed Saleh Al-Dhubaibi, Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam, Saleh Salem Bahaj, Ahmed Mohammed Al-Dhubaibi","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Female genital self-image (FGSI) refers to one's perception of the external and internal appearance of female genitalia. FGSI is a multidisciplinary research area influenced by psychological, sociocultural, and clinical factors, influencing sexual satisfaction, desire, self-perception, and partner perception.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The review aims to improve doctors' understanding of genital self-image by incorporating psychological and sociocultural perspectives, thereby promoting a comprehensive and holistic approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search technique was used to obtain research papers from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar was also manually searched. The search results were imported into Rayyan reference management and assessed using the established inclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was assessed using the appropriate JBI checklist (ie, according to the study design), and the JBI grades of recommendation were used to grade the evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychological theories like self-schema, body image, and female personal harm view offer insights into FGSI, but none provide a comprehensive explanation of subjective body image dissatisfaction.Research indicates women often experience anxiety about discussing genitalia and accepting sexual attention, but limited literature on negative self-image causes. Interventions include sexological counseling, therapy, educational programs, and public statements. Understanding FGSI is crucial for effective pre-surgical counseling, incorporating online portrayals, attitudes, and reasons for cosmetic surgery, and addressing psychological and sociocultural factors.This text delves into the intricate psychological and sociocultural factors that shape FGSI, presenting a model of intra- and interpersonal dynamics. The link between FGSI and negativism is unclear, but it is linked to women's confidence and subjectivity, with positive self-perceptions predicting higher sexual satisfaction and mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FGSI has an imperative role in healthy female sexual function. The study suggests an interdisciplinary approach to managing FGSI, integrating psychological and sociological approaches, to better understand women's anatomy and address gendered distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priapism-related biomarkers in sickle cell disease: a systematic review.","authors":"Oluwafolajimi Adesanya, Arthur L Burnett","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Priapism is a major clinical complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), with severe sexual, reproductive, and mental health impact. There are currently no consensus diagnostic biomarkers for identifying individuals with SCD at risk of priapism before its occurrence.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically review the biochemical, hematological, imaging, genetic, and rheological parameters associated with priapism occurrence among individuals with SCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search for studies investigating the association of biochemical, hematological, rheological, imaging, rheological, and genetic parameters with the occurrence of priapism in individuals with SCD was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases, using the following terms: \"priapism,\" \"sickle cell,\" \"biomarker,\" \"marker,\" \"laboratory,\" \"radiographic,\" \"diagnostic,\" and \"predictive.\" A systematic review of the identified studies was conducted to describe the landscape of priapism-related biomarkers in individuals with SCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 358 studies were identified, of which 14 studies were eventually selected for evidence synthesis. The selected studies were published between 2005 and 2023, with authorship spanning five continents. We identified multiple clinical parameters investigated as potential biomarker candidates for their association with priapism occurrence in patients with SCD. We classified these into biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, nitric oxide metabolites, interleukin 6), hematological (hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, leukocyte count), genetic (Klotho, TGFBR3, QAP1, ITGAV, LNC02537, NAALADL2), rheological (red blood cell deformability, aggregation index, augmentation index), and imaging parameters. However, the results were often contradictory and do not support the clinical application of any of the investigated parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several clinical and laboratory parameters have been associated with priapism occurrence in SCD; however, contradictory findings across geographical locations paint an unreliable picture of their clinical utility. Additional studies are needed to generate enough level 1 evidence in support of any of the current candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the safety and efficacy of inflatable penile prosthesis ectopic reservoir placement.","authors":"Britney Atwater, Aaron Krug, Martin S Gross, Robyn Marty-Roix, Laura Chapin, Allen F Morey","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patient medical and surgical history factors, such as prior prostatectomy, may lead surgeons to opt for ectopic reservoir placement rather than the standard reservoir location in the retropubic space (RPS) during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the safety and effectiveness of ectopic reservoir placement used with three-piece IPPs in relation to reservoir placement in the RPS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of MEDLINE/Pubmed and Embase databases was performed for literature between 1970 and 2022. Clinical studies and case reports describing three-piece IPP reservoir placement and clinical outcomes on AMS 700, similar products (such as Coloplast Titan), and three-piece IPPs where the manufacturer is not specified were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy articles were identified that reported clinical outcomes on three-piece IPP reservoir placement, which included data on 9565 patients. Of these, 67% of the reservoirs (n = 6413) were placed in ectopic locations. These locations were defined as submuscular (n = 5207), retroperitoneal (n = 405), sub-external oblique (n = 50), peritoneal (n = 42), subcutaneous (n = 10), and did not specify the ectopic location (n = 694). A total of 670 patients had ectopic placement of the AMS 700 reservoirs specifically. Overall, there were no elevated rates in safety outcomes between RPS and ectopic placement. Fourteen studies directly compared safety and/or efficacy outcomes between RPS and ectopic placement and did not report any significant differences between patient groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ectopic reservoir placement of three-piece IPPs, including AMS 700, is comparable in terms of safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction to RPS reservoir placement. Ectopic reservoir placement of the AMS 700 device is also similarly comparable to ectopically placed reservoirs of other IPPs as reported in the literature. Surgeons should consider ectopic implantation for patients at higher risk of complications associated with reservoir placement into the RPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"20-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the prevalence of a silent female disorder in Arabic-speaking countries and the Middle East: sexual dysfunctions and the role of culture.","authors":"Stephanie Zakhour, Walter Gonçalves, Aline Sardinha, Michelle Levitan, Antonio Egidio Nardi","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) remains a silent problem, especially in Arabic-speaking countries and the Middle East and most of the data are from Western countries. Sociocultural determinants haven't been getting the same attention as biological and psychological factors when studying sexual health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of FSD in the Arab and Middle Eastern world and understand the sociocultural determinants related.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On January 13, 2024, we searched electronic databases including Pubmed, Scielo, PsycArticles, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, Middle East Current Psychiatry, and Journal of Middle East Women's Studies, following PRISMA guidelines. Female participants, aged at least 16 years old from Middle East or Arabic-speaking countries, including North Africa, and cross-sectional studies in Arabic, English, and/or French were included. After careful screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, ineligible articles were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 papers were included in the present review. The most common FSD in each country were as follows: in Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, and Jordan, desire problems. In Iran, orgasm problems, and pain. In Palestine, pain. In Saudi Arabia, arousal. Sociocultural determinants such as language, poor sexual education, poor sexual self-awareness-and of partners-, lack of training, and help-seeking were related to FSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FSD is prevalent in Arabic-speaking countries and the Middle East, yet little to no attention is given to this matter. Causes for FSD are mainly cultural, and Arab and Middle Eastern healthcare professionals lack training. Culturally sensitive, evidence-based studies regarding sexual health need to be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"62-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical therapy approach and non-invasive modalities in treatment of vaginal laxity: a literature review.","authors":"Lama Eid, Mina George, Doaa A Abdel Hady","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) and noninvasive modalities can be more safe and available treatments for vaginal laxity (VL) with less risk of postsurgical complications.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this review is to define the concepts of PFPT and noninvasive modalities, examine the evidence supporting those modalities as a treatment for VL, and evaluate their effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2002 and 2023, clinical studies including women diagnosed with VL were examined in the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria included studies with no outcomes or inadequate data, procedures, suggestions, editorials, book chapters, letters to editors, reviews, meta-analyses, animal research, and articles in languages other than English.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Only seventeen studies have been identified. Four studies have demonstrated the impact of PFPT (low- and medium-energy radiofrequency (RF), ultrasound, low-energy laser treatment, par sacral stimulation, the knack method, and pelvic floor exercises), and thirteen studies have discussed the impact of noninvasive modalities (RF, combined multipolar RF with pulsed electromagnetic, combined RF and pulsed electromagnetic field, high-intensity focused ultrasound, CO2 laser, combining multipolar RF and hybrid fractional laser, microfocused ultrasound, and the VIVEVE surface-cooled RF) on vaginal laxity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review indicates many knowledge areas that must be attempted in order to understand the influence of nonstrengthening physical therapy and noninvasive methods on vaginal laxity. In addition to the mechanisms behind their impacts. In addition, we strongly recommend that more clinical trials of high methodological and interventional quality are required to investigate the efficacy of various physical therapy approaches, including electrical stimulation, biofeedback exertion, acupressure, manual therapy, neuromodulation, core exercise therapy, hydrotherapy, well-designed ultrasound therapy protocols, and vaginal weight training.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":" ","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}