{"title":"The liability of gender: the effect of gender stereotypes on financing gaps for social startups","authors":"Romi Kher, Scott L. Newbert, Shu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01238-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01238-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc Cowling, Ciarán Mac an Bhaird, Seán O’Reilly, Huan Yang
{"title":"Does Berger and Udell (1998) financial life-cycle theory hold for loan interest rates?","authors":"Marc Cowling, Ciarán Mac an Bhaird, Seán O’Reilly, Huan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01260-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01260-1","url":null,"abstract":"Financial life-cycle theory outlines how the firm size-age continuum shapes the financing choices of firms in terms of the sources of finance available to them and is rooted in information-based problems that impact with greater severity on smaller and younger firms. Logically, it follows that these features should also be present in banks’ loan interest rate setting processes and result in higher loan interest rate offers to smaller and younger firms. Most studies have explored size and age effects independently, and this has rarely been explored simultaneously. In this study, we consider how the interaction of firm size and age from micro new firms to large well-established firms impacts on loan interest rates. Using a large loan contract dataset for the UK, we find that the estimated average interest rate difference at the extremes is 5.43%, but that new firms of any size class tend to receive lower interest rate offers than early-stage firms of the same size class. We conclude that the financial life-cycle theory can also be extended to loan interest rate setting, but that lenders tend to subsidise loans to new firms which suggests a long-term lock-in strategy.","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovation, institutional entrepreneurship, and social cooperation","authors":"Li Ding, Wanlin Lin, Ye Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01255-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01255-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"297 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophia Hess, Ben Spigel, Maksim Belitski, Andreas Wahl
{"title":"Theorizing typologies of entrepreneurial ecosystems","authors":"Sophia Hess, Ben Spigel, Maksim Belitski, Andreas Wahl","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01257-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01257-w","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops a theory-driven typology of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) to better understand heterogeneity in entrepreneurial activity across places. We identify four ecosystem types — embedding, emerging, exploring, and extreme growth — based on two dimensions: structural thickness (the interdependency and density of connections among ecosystem actors and institutional factors) and locus of focus (the spatial orientation of ecosystem actors). Together, these dimensions provide a conceptual framework for understanding why ecosystems that may appear similar in their ecosystem attributes can nevertheless generate different forms of productive entrepreneurship. In addition, we provide an illustrative empirical application using data from 748 cities across 102 countries that approximates the typology and explores how ecosystem attributes are associated with the likelihood that a city exhibits a given type. By theorizing EE heterogeneity beyond resource- or scale-based perspectives, we advance research on the structural and spatial dimensions of entrepreneurship and provide a foundation for future comparative and longitudinal research.","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"349 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David B. Audretsch, Magnus Henrekson, Lucia Naldi, Alexander Ljungqvist, Mikael Stenkula, Caroline Wigren-Kristoferson, Joakim Wincent, Ivo Zander
{"title":"Shaping technology transfer and policy-oriented entrepreneurship research: Albert N. Link and Donald S. Siegel recipients of the 2026 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research","authors":"David B. Audretsch, Magnus Henrekson, Lucia Naldi, Alexander Ljungqvist, Mikael Stenkula, Caroline Wigren-Kristoferson, Joakim Wincent, Ivo Zander","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01248-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01248-x","url":null,"abstract":"Professors Albert N. Link and Donald S. Siegel are the joint recipients of the 2026 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. Over several decades, their scholarship has fundamentally reshaped our understanding of how technology transfer, public policy, and institutional design influence entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on rigorous economic theory and quantitative methods, often combined with insights from management and public administration, they have established technology transfer as a core domain within entrepreneurship research. Their work demonstrates how universities, public research organizations, and government programs—most notably those shaped by the Bayh–Dole Act and the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program—affect entrepreneurial entry, innovation, and growth. By shifting attention beyond the individual entrepreneur and firm to the surrounding institutional and policy environment, Link and Siegel broadened the analytical scope of the field and provided a foundation for evidence-based entrepreneurship policy. In parallel, their leadership in building scholarly communities, journals, and research networks has been instrumental in consolidating technology transfer and public sector entrepreneurship as vibrant research areas. Collectively, their contributions have advanced theory, informed policy design, and influenced practice, thereby leaving a lasting imprint on entrepreneurship research and its societal relevance.","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employee age and experience as determinants of new-firm survival: evidence from Turkish matched employer–employee data","authors":"Erol Taymaz, Kamil Yilmaz","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01256-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01256-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nina Marien, Ine Paeleman, Marc Deloof, Armin Schwienbacher
{"title":"From crowds to boards: the impact of equity crowdfunding on board size","authors":"Nina Marien, Ine Paeleman, Marc Deloof, Armin Schwienbacher","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01253-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01253-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cumulative versus punctuated patterns of R&D learning, productivity and R&D persistence","authors":"Juan A. Mañez, James H. Love, Ana Luiza Terra","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01235-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01235-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses how R&D persistence is affected both by direct learning determinants and indirect determinants through enhanced productivity. Advancing previous research, we allow for three distinct forms of R&D experience through which learning occurs: the firm’s current within-spell learning; learning derived from the firm’s cumulative R&D experience; and the potential detrimental effect of punctuated learning, where a firm’s cumulative R&D experience is divided into multiple R&D spells. Our findings suggest markedly different learning processes depending on firm size and technology. Small and large firms, and firms operating in low and med-tech sectors benefit from cumulative previous R&D but medium-sized and high-tech firms do not. However, a history of fragmented or intermittent R&D is negatively associated with R&D persistence for all firm sizes, but not for low-tech firms. While cumulative R&D experience improves productivity for all firms, there is evidence of an indirect (productivity) association of R&D experience on subsequent R&D persistence only for SMEs and low-tech firms.","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does rent-seeking entrepreneurship hurt the environment? Historical insights from the US meatpacking industry","authors":"Pierre Desrochers, Andrew Smith","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01241-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01241-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a historical case study of the American meatpacking industry to examine how rent-seeking entrepreneurship can harm environmental outcomes. We first show that Chicago’s largest meatpackers simultaneously reduced pollution and their production costs through innovative by-product utilization. We then demonstrate how these successes provoked rent-seeking behavior from less efficient competitors who pressured policymakers into dismantling the system of industrial organization created by the Chicago meatpackers. Our analysis reveals that rent-seeking behavior can obstruct market-based innovations that promote sustainability. We outline a novel causal model in which rent-seeking actively undermines the capacity of private-sector initiatives to improve environmental outcomes. Our findings challenge some of the dominant assumptions in the environmental policy, management studies, and circular economy literatures. We suggest that profit-seeking entrepreneurship in a regime of competitive and lightly regulated markets may, at least in some circumstances, deliver superior environmental results compared to management by elected officials.","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel L. Bennett, Christopher J. Boudreaux, Stephen Gohmann, Maria Minniti
{"title":"The political economy of entrepreneurship","authors":"Daniel L. Bennett, Christopher J. Boudreaux, Stephen Gohmann, Maria Minniti","doi":"10.1007/s11187-026-01239-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-026-01239-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21803,"journal":{"name":"Small Business Economics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}