{"title":"U.S. stillbirth surveillance: The national fetal death file and other data sources","authors":"Elizabeth C.W. Gregory , Wanda D. Barfield","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The National Vital Statistics System is the primary source of information on fetal deaths<span> of 20 weeks of gestation or more in the United States. Data are cooperatively produced by jurisdiction vital statistics offices and the National Center for Health Statistics. In order to promote the uniformity of data, the National Center for Health Statistics issues The Model State Vital Statistics Act and Regulations, and produces standard certificates and reports, developed in collaboration with the states, to inform the development of jurisdictional vital records laws and regulations and data collection. While there are challenges in collecting national fetal death data, there are ongoing data quality improvement efforts to address them. Improved national fetal death data and data from other sources will continue to add insights into the risks, causes and prevention of fetal death.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 151873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138820712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert L. Goldenberg , Sarah Saleem , Aleha Aziz , Elizabeth M. McClure
{"title":"International progress on stillbirth reduction: Changes in Stillbirth Rates in Selected Low and Middle-Income Countries from 2000 to 2021","authors":"Robert L. Goldenberg , Sarah Saleem , Aleha Aziz , Elizabeth M. McClure","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we attempted to determine if there were reductions in low and middle – income country stillbirth rates since 2000 - focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. We used data made available by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the World Health Organization as well as the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research.. Overall, nearly every country evaluated had at least a small reduction in stillbirth rate from the year 2000 to 2021, but the reductions varied substantially between regions. Asia and Latin America/Caribbean had similar levels of reductions with a number of countries in each of those regions having rates in 2021 that were 40 % or more lower than those documented in 2000. No country in Africa documented a reduction in stillbirths of 40 % and many had stillbirth reductions of less than 15 %.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 151868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138820945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fusing stillbirth parent advocacy and epidemiology to address the US stillbirth crisis","authors":"Debbie Haine Vijayvergiya , Lauren Christiansen-Lindquist","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This narrative describes how a stillbirth advocate and an epidemiologist have worked together to advocate for federal legislation to address stillbirth in the United States. It alternates between each of their perspectives to illustrate how they have leveraged their complementary skills and experiences with the hope that fewer families will experience the tragedy of stillbirth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 151874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting and preventing stillbirth at term","authors":"Gordon C.S. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stillbirth at term affects ∼1 per 1000 pregnancies at term in high income countries. A range of maternal characteristics are associated with stillbirth risk. However, given the low <em>a priori</em> risk of stillbirth, the vast majority of women with clinical risk factors would not experience a stillbirth in the absence of intervention. Stillbirth is the end point of multiple pathways, including both fetal growth restriction and fetal overgrowth. In most term stillbirths there is no mechanistic understanding of the cause of death and a sizeable proportion are completely unexplained. Term stillbirth is potentially preventable by early delivery, providing a rationale for screening. “Omic” analyses of blood taken prior to the onset of some of the conditions associated with stillbirth may help identify women at high risk and allow the potentially harmful intervention of early term medically indicated delivery to be targeted to the pregnancies most likely to benefit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 151869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000523001726/pdfft?md5=f8ee3c6b7afbb065190a1a3debf0b5e8&pid=1-s2.0-S0146000523001726-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138820948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander E.P. Heazell , Rebecca Barron , Megan E Fockler
{"title":"Care in pregnancy after stillbirth","authors":"Alexander E.P. Heazell , Rebecca Barron , Megan E Fockler","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pregnancy after stillbirth is associated with increased risk of stillbirth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies. In addition, pregnancy after stillbirth is associated with emotional and psychological challenges for women and their families. This manuscript summarizes information available to guide clinicians for how to manage a pregnancy after stillbirth by appreciating the nature of the increased risk in future pregnancies, and that these are not affected by interpregnancy interval. Qualitative studies have identified clinician behaviors that women find helpful during subsequent pregnancies after loss which can be implemented into practice. The role of peer support and need for professional input from the antenatal period through to after the birth of a live baby is discussed. Finally, areas for research are highlighted to develop care further for this group of women at increased risk of medical and psychological complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 151872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000523001751/pdfft?md5=f76410e1eb318af7a7dd05f926a84845&pid=1-s2.0-S0146000523001751-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138820946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stillbirth and the Placenta","authors":"Jerri A Waller, George Saade","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151871","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stillbirth affects a large proportion of pregnancies world-wide annually and continues to be a major public health concern. Several causes of stillbirth have been identified and include obstetrical complications, placental abnormalities, fetal malformations, infections, and medical complications in pregnancy. Placental abnormalities such as placental abruption, chorioangioma, vasa previa, and umbilical cord abnormalities have been identified as causes of death for a significant proportion of stillbirths. In the absence of placental abnormalities, the gross and histologic changes in the placenta in stillbirth are found when secondary to other etiologies. Here we describe both gross and histologic changes of the placenta that are associated with stillbirth.</p>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emilia Basilio (Assistant Professor; Maternal Fetal Medicine) , Marya G. Zlatnik (Professor; Maternal Fetal Medicine; Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment)
{"title":"Extreme weather—Wildfires & pregnancy","authors":"Emilia Basilio (Assistant Professor; Maternal Fetal Medicine) , Marya G. Zlatnik (Professor; Maternal Fetal Medicine; Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment)","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As described in the previous chapter, Chapter 4: Air pollution and pregnancy, there is robust literature on the adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution on perinatal outcomes. With climate change contributing to more extreme weather patterns, wildfire events are becoming more intense and frequent. Wildfire smoke is a major contributor to poor air quality and data are beginning to emerge with respect to the negative impact on perinatal outcomes. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current literature on wildfire smoke exposure in pregnancy and associated adverse outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"47 8","pages":"Article 151839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000523001428/pdfft?md5=86958b320d019edfd38289d18a558cab&pid=1-s2.0-S0146000523001428-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruce Bekkar , Nathaniel DeNicola , Blean Girma , Savita Potarazu , Perry Sheffield
{"title":"Pregnancy and newborn health - heat impacts and emerging solutions","authors":"Bruce Bekkar , Nathaniel DeNicola , Blean Girma , Savita Potarazu , Perry Sheffield","doi":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span><span>Evidence is accumulating, both in the US and abroad, of the apparent serious health impacts of various environmental exposures tied to climate change. High ambient temperature, or heat, is a worsening global health risk. Heat risk is affected by many factors such as the magnitude, duration, and timing of exposure – such as specific, critical windows during pregnancy. This article focuses on the association of heat with both adverse pregnancy and newborn<span> health outcomes. Regarding pregnancy, studies link heat and preterm birth, low birth weight and </span></span>stillbirth. Multiple potential mechanisms support the biological plausibility of these associations. Emerging evidence suggests that heat, via </span>epigenetics, may affect maternal health far beyond pregnancy. For newborn health impacts, heat is associated with increased hospitalization, neurologic and </span>gastrointestinal dysfunction, and infant death. Research gaps include the need to study neonates separately from children and determining the mechanisms linking heat to </span>adverse outcomes. We also highlight disparate adverse </span>reproductive health outcomes for communities of color and low income tied to disproportionate exposures to environmental stressors like heat. Finally, we summarize educational and clinical tool resources for clinicians, information for patients, and opportunities for near-term action using the precautionary principle framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21761,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in perinatology","volume":"47 8","pages":"Article 151837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41212171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}