Small Ruminant Research最新文献

{"title":"Body temperature and heart rate variability, and their circadian rhythms in sheep as measured by biologgers","authors":"José A. Abecia ,&nbsp;Francisco Canto ,&nbsp;Javier Plaza ,&nbsp;Jaime Nieto ,&nbsp;Carlos Palacios","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) reflects the balance between the autonomic nervous system's sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which regulate stress and relaxation. Wearable sensors record HR and body temperature (BT), to provide data that informed decisions can be made from on animal management and welfare. The purpose of this study was to investigate daily changes in BT and HRV, recorded by subcutaneous biologgers; specifically, to quantify the 24-hour circadian rhythm in BT (°C), HR (bpm), the Standard Deviation of the R-R intervals (SDNN), and the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) (ms). Five ewes were implanted with a subcutaneous biologger, configured to collect data every 5 min for 7 d. Mean ( ± S.E.) BT (38.06 ± 0.01), HR (111.14 ± 1.68), SDNN (34.35 ± 2.90), and RMSSD (47.95 ± 4.21) were calculated. BT and HR were highest in the day (day: 38.15 ± 0.01 and 120.71 ± 0.43; night: 37.98 ± 0.01 and 102.47 ± 0.43; P &lt; 0.001), and SDNN (day: 29.30 ± 0.87; night: 37.16 ± 0.67) and RMSSD (day: 39.01 ± 1.17; night: 53.53 ± 0.94) were highest at night (P &lt; 0.001). BT and HR were positively correlated (P &lt; 0.01), but both negatively correlated (P &lt; 0.01) with SDNN and RMSSD. BT, HR, SDNN, and RMSSD presented a 24-h circadian rhythm, with acrophases (peak activity period) for BT at 1457 h and at 1223 h for HR, but those of SDNN and RMSSD were at 0350 h and 0327 h, respectively. In conclusion, biologgers detected the diurnal rhythmicity in BT and HRV in sheep, providing an option to use these physiological measures to assess an animal's health and welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of forage levels and physical forms on feed sorting behavior, rumen morphometry, and selected blood parameters in fattening male goats","authors":"Muhammad Irfan Malik ,&nbsp;Muhammad Afzal Rashid ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Capucchio ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf ,&nbsp;Habib Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Amlan Kumar Patra","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the impact of physical form of diet and Rhodes grass (RG) level on feed sorting behaviour, rumen morphometric measurements, and blood parameters in goats. Forty male goats were equally assigned to four dietary treatments: mash total mixed ration (TMR) containing 15 % RG and 85 % concentrate (RG15M), 25 % RG and 75 % concentrate (RG25M), pelleted TMR (containing similar levels of RG hay as for mash diets) as RG15P, and RG25P. Goats selected particle sizes larger than 6.70 mm, with no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between RG15M and RG25M. The consumption of particles larger than 4.75 mm and 3.35 mm size was similar in RG15M and RG25M. However, the consumption of particle size larger than 2.36 mm and 1.18 mm was higher in RG15M compared to RG25M. Rumen papillae density and surface area were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in RG25P than in RG15M, RG25M, and RG15P. Blood urea nitrogen, plasma protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and bilirubin concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in RG15P compared to other treatments, whereas cholesterol concentration was lower in RG15P than RG15M, RG25m, and RG25P. The goats preferentially consumed fibrous particles (&gt;1.18 mm) and rejected finer particles (&lt; 1.18 mm). Goats fed the pelleted diet with 25 % RG showed improvement in rumen surface area without adversely affecting blood constituents, highlighting the benefits of pelleting to avoid feed selection and using TMR containing 25 % RG and 75 % concentrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation management utilizing sheep grazing within utility-scale solar: Agro-ecological insights and existing knowledge gaps in the United States","authors":"W.C. Stewart ,&nbsp;J.D. Scasta ,&nbsp;C. Maierle ,&nbsp;S. Ates ,&nbsp;J.M. Burke ,&nbsp;B.J. Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Common themes exist in the development of photovoltaic (PV) systems, globally. Capturing sunlight for energy production requires a significant land-use footprint, thus resulting in limitations that prohibit development of solar sites. Diverse regions across the U.S. are being utilized for PV development with varying population density, climate, and forage production potential. Energy usage is expected to grow with increased demand from industrial and residential segments. Internationally, the U.S. ranks second in energy usage and is the primary contributor to the growing energy demand. As utility-scale solar installations continue to expand across the U.S., and specifically pastures and rangelands, the need for sustainable vegetation management has become a critical operational consideration. Grazing with sheep presents a viable solution, offering both economic and ecological benefits by controlling vegetation growth without compromising (PV) panel efficiency. This review synthesizes current research on the integration of sheep grazing within solar sites, often referred to as \"solar grazing,\" with a focus on the agro-ecological interactions, operational challenges, and potential for industry growth. This review also examines the critical factors influencing vegetation management, including regional climate variability, forage production potential, and species-specific grazing behaviors. Additionally, the role of solar grazing in fire mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and soil health improvement is explored. Despite the promise of this dual-use strategy, several knowledge gaps persist, particularly regarding the long-term ecological impacts on native plant communities, optimal sheep stocking densities, and the balance between forage production and sheep nutrition within these solar sites. Current trends in solar development are contrasted with the declining sheep population in the U.S., raising concerns about whether the American sheep industry can meet the growing demand for solar grazing. Moreover, the integration of solar grazing introduces new challenges in animal health and welfare, particularly in regions with increased parasite concentrations or limited access to water and supplemental feed. This review highlights the need for further research on adaptive management practices, as well as the development of infrastructure and industry support to ensure the sustainability of solar grazing in diverse regions of the U.S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of restricted- and over-feeding during gestation on colostrum and milk composition and offspring circulating immunoglobulin G concentrations in multiple generations of sheep","authors":"N.M. Tillquist ,&nbsp;M.Y. Kawaida ,&nbsp;A.S. Reiter ,&nbsp;V.V. Bassani ,&nbsp;J.M. Bosco ,&nbsp;A.B. Bettencourt ,&nbsp;R.J. Gifford ,&nbsp;T.E. Engle ,&nbsp;S.A. Zinn ,&nbsp;K.E. Govoni ,&nbsp;S.A. Reed","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-quality colostrum and milk are critical for neonatal growth and immune system development. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the predominant antibody in colostrum, is vital for passive immune transfer in sheep. It is unknown if poor maternal nutrition during gestation influences colostrum and milk composition, and IgG concentrations over multiple generations. We hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition (restricted- or over-feeding) during gestation would alter F0 and F1 colostrum and milk composition and IgG concentrations in their colostrum and alter serum IgG in F1 and F2 offspring. Multiparous Dorset ewes (n = 46) pregnant with twins were fed 100 % (control; n = 13), 60 % (restricted; n = 17) or 140 % (over; n = 16) of National Research Council (NRC) requirements until parturition. Following lambing, all dams were fed 100 % NRC requirements during lactation. Offspring of these ewes (n = 85; F1) were managed similarly on 100 % of NRC requirements and are referred to as CON-F1, RES-F1, or OVER-F1, corresponding with dam diet. F1 ewe offspring (n = 36) were bred between 16 and 19 mo of age. Offspring of these ewes (n = 60; F2) were managed similarly on 100 % of NRC requirements and are referred to as CON-F2, RES-F2, or OVER-F2, corresponding with granddam diet. Colostrum samples from F0 and F1 ewes were collected within 24 h of parturition and milk samples were collected at d 3 and 21 postpartum and analyzed for total solids, crude fat, crude protein (colostrum and milk), and IgG concentrations (colostrum only). Serum samples were collected from F1 and F2 offspring at 7 d of age and analyzed for IgG concentrations. A treatment by time interaction (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.024) was observed for F0 crude fat where colostrum from restricted-fed ewes had less fat than colostrum from control-fed ewes. However, total fat in d 3 and 21 milk samples were similar across treatments. Colostrum had greater total solids, crude fat, and crude protein compared with milk at d 3 and d 21 (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.01). Maternal diet had no impact on IgG concentrations in F0 or F1 ewe colostrum (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.46). A treatment by sex interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.007) was observed for F1 offspring serum IgG concentrations where RES-F1 and OVER-F1 ewes and CON-F1 and OVER-F1 rams had between 44.9 – 50.7 % less IgG than CON-F1 ewes. No impact of maternal diet was observed on F2 offspring serum concentration of IgG (<em>P</em> = 0.40). In this experiment, maternal diet had minimal effects on F0 and F1 colostrum and milk composition or IgG concentrations. However, maternal diet may limit IgG absorption in F1 offspring in a sex- and diet-specific manner but does not persist into the F2 generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Nathália Maria de Andrade Magalhães ,&nbsp;Clécio Henrique Limeira ,&nbsp;Rafael Dioni Leandro Costa ,&nbsp;Roseane de Araujo Portela ,&nbsp;Sérgio Santos de Azevedo ,&nbsp;Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ,&nbsp;Clebert José Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This report presents a systematic review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of paratuberculosis in sheep, focusing on seropositivity of <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subspecies <em>paratuberculosis</em> (MAP). This investigation included 1676 records initially, identified from the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline and Science Direct. After filtering and reading, twenty-eight articles were selected for the final analysis. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of animals positive for MAP was 8.02 % (95 % CI = 5.04–12.52 %) with significant heterogeneity (I² = 99.3 %), which suggests that there was high variability among results. The prevalence varied according to the continent, such that it was highest in South America (24.45 %) and lowest in Africa (1.34 %). In addition, meta-analysis per herd indicated that the global prevalence was 55.51 % (95 % CI = 44.96–65.58 %), with heterogeneity that was also high (I² = 96.8 %). Analysis of Doi plots demonstrated that there was slight positive asymmetry (LFK index 1.28), which suggests the possibility of publication bias. The meta-analysis demonstrated variation in global prevalence rates of MAP in sheep, with high dissemination among herds, especially in South America and Asia. The heterogeneity of the data indicates methodological differences among studies, thus highlighting the need for standardized investigations to better understand the epidemiology and control of paratuberculosis in sheep globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel mutations in exon 2 of follistatin (FST) gene associated with wool fiber diameter in sheep","authors":"Tahira Mir,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Muhammad Siraj,&nbsp;Sajid Ali Khan Bangash,&nbsp;Sher Hayat Khan,&nbsp;Majid Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Tayyab,&nbsp;Sohail Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Follistatin (FST)</em> is proved to be a key player in hair follicle morphogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the association of SNPs in the <em>FST</em> gene with wool quality traits i.e. fibre diameter, crimp number, and staple length in sheep breeds from Pakistan. Genomic DNA isolated from representative samples of the sheep breeds. A 4444 bp fragment of the <em>FST</em> gene (covering exons 2–6 and the intervening introns) was amplified through PCR. The amplified products were sequenced through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. The results showed variations in the wool quality parameters among the sheep breeds. Lowest crimp number was recorded for Hashtnagri and Mazai sheep breeds (1.7 ± 0.24 and 1.0 ± 0.12 crimps/cm, respectively). While Kari sheep had the thinnest fibre diameter (27.9 ± 1.19 μm) compared to other sheep breeds. Longest staple length (10.36 ± 0.73 cm) was observed for Ghalji sheep. Sequencing results revealed a total of 51 variants in the targeted region of the <em>FST</em> gene. Kari sheep’s <em>FST</em> gene was the most diverse possessing nine unique variants in the intronic region and two in the coding region. A total of 11 <em>FST</em> variants showed association with fiber diameter, among which two novel missense SNPs (c.229 A&gt;G and c.236 T &gt; C) in the exon 2 were unique to Kari sheep. These SNPs were found to have effect the protein structure and stability and may be used as markers for fine wool having thinner fiber diameter in sheep. These results suggest significant impact of variation in the <em>FST</em> gene on wool fibre diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the concentration of plasma platelet on the cryopreservation of ram semen","authors":"Luan Sitó-Silva ,&nbsp;Beatriz L. De Camillo ,&nbsp;Luiz Gustavo F. Lima ,&nbsp;Paula Zanin Rattes ,&nbsp;João Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira ,&nbsp;Camila de Paula Freitas-Dell’Aqua ,&nbsp;Paulo F. Marcusso ,&nbsp;Eunice Oba","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to assess the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on the cryopreservation of ovine semen. Eight rams were used, previously trained for collection using an artificial vagina. The collected semen was separated into five parts and diluted in Botubov® (Botupharma, Botucatu, Brazil), and five treatments were tested: Control (pure commercial semen extender); PRP10 (Extender supplemented with 10 million platelets/mL); PRP20 (Extender supplemented with 20 million platelets/mL); PRP40 (Extender supplemented with 40 million platelets/mL); and PPP (Extender supplemented with PPP in the same volume used for PRP40). The semen was then packaged in French straws, cooled for 3 h at 5 °C, and frozen in liquid nitrogen until evaluation. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), immediately post-thaw and after a 3-h thermoresistance test at 37 °C, as well as assessment of plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity (PMAI), mitochondrial potential (MP), superoxide anion (O₂) production, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production by flow cytometry. Both PRP and PPP were shown to be safe for the cryopreservation of ram semen, with improvements observed in half of the animals in terms of flow cytometry parameters. When grouped together, it was evident that the PPP group displayed greater integrity of the plasma membrane and acrosome (<em>P</em> = 0.02), more stable cells (<em>P</em> = 0.03), and increased production of H₂O₂ (<em>P</em> = 0.05). In conclusion, PRP and PPP are safe and can be viable additives for freezing ram semen. PPP showed better results for plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, as well as the number of stable cells in half of the animals. This highlights PPP as a promising antioxidant and cryoprotectant for ram semen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat stress induced by testicular insulation for 24 or 48 h rapidly impairs epididymal sperm quality and reduces spermatogenesis in rams","authors":"Marina Belucci Teixeira ,&nbsp;João Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira ,&nbsp;Viviane Maria Codognoto ,&nbsp;Eduardo Santos Rossi ,&nbsp;Antonio Guilherme Roncado Pupulim ,&nbsp;Jaqueline Cândido de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Paula Zanin Rattes ,&nbsp;Eunice Oba ,&nbsp;Felipe Martins Negreiro Navolar ,&nbsp;Giovana Wingeter Di Santis ,&nbsp;John Patrick Kastelic ,&nbsp;Ann Van Soom ,&nbsp;Guilherme Rizzoto","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammalian testes must be 3–5 ºC below body core temperature to produce morphologically normal sperm. The objective was to investigate impacts of heat stress (HS) induced by scrotal insulation on epididymal sperm and temporal aspects of HS on spermatogenesis. We hypothesized that: (1) increased testicular temperature impairs sperm in the epididymis; and (2) spermatids are severely impacted by HS exposure. Testicular HS was induced by scrotal insulation for 24 or 48 h in 20 reproductively sound adult rams, with 5 similar rams designated controls (not insulated). Rams were castrated at 24 h, 48 h, 7 d, or 14 d after the start of insulation (whereas control rams were randomly castrated). Insulation increased scrotal surface temperature by ∼5 ºC. There were marked decreases (P &lt; 0.01) in sperm motility, progressive motility and kinetics starting at 24 h and sustained throughout the study. Percentage of epididymal sperm with normal morphology first decreased at 24 h (P &lt; 0.01) with subsequent decreases at 48 h (P &lt; 0.01) and 7 d (P &lt; 0.01); thereafter, morphology remained stable (P &gt; 0.05). At 14 d, there were decreases in testicular weight (P &lt; 0.05) and seminiferous tubule diameter (STD) (P &lt; 0.001) when compared to all other groups. Regarding seminiferous tubule integrity (Johnsen’s score), a first decrease occurred at 24 h (P &lt; 0.05) followed by a more intense decrease at 14 d (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, there was an abrupt decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in spermatid counts at 24 h that was sustained throughout the study. In conclusion, our hypotheses were supported; testicular HS caused immediate deleterious impacts on epididymal sperm at 24 and 48 h post-insulation as well as developing spermatids at 7 and 14 d, decreasing sperm production and significantly reducing both STD and testicular weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serodiagnosis of hydatidosis in sheep and goats in Siirt province, Türkiye, and an alternative approach to the interpretation of serology results","authors":"Burcak Aslan Celik ,&nbsp;Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk ,&nbsp;Figen Celik ,&nbsp;Ozgur Yasar Celik ,&nbsp;Muhammet Uslug ,&nbsp;Afra Sena Tekin ,&nbsp;Kerem Ercan ,&nbsp;Sami Simsek","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide, affecting both humans and animals, caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> sensu lato. The diagnosis of CE is based on the evaluation of imaging, serological, molecular and clinical findings. The aim of this study was to develop a diagnostic method that can be used for herd-based diagnosis of CE, which is commonly observed in sheep and goats, and to prevent economic losses by treating positive animals. Antigen B rich partially purified cyst fluid antigen was prepared from a sheep liver hydatid cyst. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen B-rich partially purified cyst fluid antigen, a Western blot test was first performed using hydatid cyst positive sera from 24 sheep and 20 goats collected from the abattoir and sera from 27 newborn lambs and 23 goat kids as negative controls. Subsequently, 500 sera were collected from 250 sheep and 250 goats from Siirt province and its districts. The strongest band was at 72 kDa, followed by bands at 55 kDa and 28 kDa in SDS-PAGE. According to the 43 kDa band as reference the sensitivity was 62.5 %. and specificity was 96.2 % in sheep. Besides, of the 250 sheep sera collected from the field, and the seroprevalence was 52.80 %. In goats, the sensitivity of WB was 55 % and the specificity was 86.9 %. On the other hand, the seroprevalence was 44.4 % in goats. In conclusion, the production of antigens that are easy to prepare, inexpensive and can be used in field screening for CE will be important in terms of treating positive sheep (even when CE and other helminth parasites are present together) with albendazole and preventing economic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global camel milk industry: A comprehensive overview of production, consumption trends, market evolution, and value chain efficiency","authors":"Omar Ait El Alia ,&nbsp;Yassine Zine-Eddine ,&nbsp;Salah Chaji ,&nbsp;Soumaya Boukrouh ,&nbsp;Khalid Boutoial ,&nbsp;Bernard Faye","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global camel population is steadily increasing, with a notable increase in the proportion of camels specifically raised for milk production. This rise is mainly attributed to the surge in demand for camel milk, driven by its distinctive nutritional benefits and recognized health effects. However, studying the global dairy camel sector can provide valuable insights into the development of successful and modernized camel dairy industries, highlighting key strategies for scaling production, improving quality standards, and expanding market reach. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global evolution of the dairy camel sector. It begins with an analysis of current production levels, consumption patterns, and a detailed examination of camel milk markets and value chain dynamics. Additionally, the camel milk industry faces currently critical barriers related to food hygiene, and limited government support, which hinder quality control and market growth. To address these challenges, a number of potential solutions were proposed such as the implementation of solar-powered cold chains, the necessity for effective training in hygiene and food safety for producers, and the need for investment in infrastructure and climate resilience in order to guarantee the long-term sustainability of the camel milk sector. Hence, this review is supposed to fill the current scarcity of information regarding the status and ongoing developments in the camel milk market, with a particular emphasis on the constraints limiting its growth. By addressing this gap, it seeks to serve as valuable groundwork for producers, industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers, thus fostering the development of the camel milk sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 107441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}