Small Ruminant Research最新文献

{"title":"Follicular development in Pelibuey ewes in different seasons determined by ultrasonography","authors":"Juan Alberto Quintero-Elisea ,&nbsp;Héctor Armando Olguín-Arredondo ,&nbsp;José Vicente Velázquez-Morales ,&nbsp;César Cortez-Romero ,&nbsp;Antonia Henández-Trejo ,&nbsp;Jessica Beatriz Herrera-Ojeda ,&nbsp;Gaspar Manuel Parra-Bracamonte","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the present study was to evaluate estrous behavior and follicular development in Pelibuey ewes at different seasons of the year. One hundred and twenty ewes were synchronized with intravaginal progestogen sponges maintained for 12 days. The day 0 (day sponges were removed), the onset and interval to estrus were detected and follicular development was measured over four consecutive days. The variables evaluated were: the time of onset of estrus, interval to estrus and number of follicles. To determine the effect of the season on the response variables, a Chi-square test and an analysis of variance were performed for a randomized complete block design. The results indicate that season affected (P &lt; 0.01) the incidence of estrus; it was the highest in autumn and winter (100 %) and lowest in spring (70 %). Season also influenced (P &lt; 0.01) the number of small (class 1) follicles on Day 1 and the number of large (class 3) follicles on Day 3. In each case, follicle number was higher (P &lt; 0.01) in spring compared with the other seasons. It is concluded that the estrous activity and follicular dynamics in Pelibuey sheep is manifested largely during the winter season. Furthermore, onset of estrus and follicle class number are significantly related to seasonal effects. The reproductive activity is observed in Pelibuey ewes during all the year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The size of the dominant follicle influences the morphological and functional characteristics of the corpus luteum in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)","authors":"A. Arrayás ,&nbsp;A. Yáñez ,&nbsp;U.H. Pérez-Guerra ,&nbsp;A.M. López ,&nbsp;E.Y. Torres ,&nbsp;J.M. Palomino","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the dominant follicle (DF) size on the corpus luteum (CL) characteristics and plasma P₄ concentrations, 7 days after induction of ovulation in alpacas. For this purpose, 24 female alpacas were selected and divided into 2 groups (n = 12/group): i) DF 7–8 mm (females with DF of 7–8 mm on the day of mating) and ii) DF 9–10 mm (females with DF of 9–10 mm on same day). Females received a single i.m. dose of 0.0084 mg of buserelin acetate on the day of mating (Day 0). On day 7, the diameter (mm), total area (mm²), circumference (mm), and blood flow (%) of the CL were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on day 7 to measure plasma P₄ concentrations in both groups. The data was analyzed using the T-student and Chi-square test. The diameter, total area, and circumference of the CL were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the DF 9–10 mm group than in the DF 7–8 mm group. However, the percentage of blood flow in CL was not different between groups. Interestingly, P₄ concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the DF 9–10 mm group (5.81 ± 0.4 ng/mL) than in the DF 7–8 mm group (4.36 ± 0.3 ng/mL). In conclusion, inducing ovulation in dominant follicles of 9–10 mm resulted in a larger CL that produced higher P₄ concentrations on day 7 post-mating in alpacas. This information can be used in the preparation of recipients for an embryo transfer program in alpacas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of miR-125b and miR-23b in plasma might be related with the early pregnancy in Awassi Ewes","authors":"Ahmet Gözer ,&nbsp;Gökhan Uyanık ,&nbsp;Hasan Hüseyin Keçeli ,&nbsp;Ufuk Kaya ,&nbsp;Hüseyin Özkan","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the expression patterns of microRNA (miR)-125b and miR-23b during early pregnancy in Awassi ewes. Animal material included 33 ewes consisting of pregnant (PP) (n = 14), non-pregnant (PN) (n = 14), and control group (n = 5) where estrus synchronization was performed but mating was not allowed. Plasma samples were collected on days 7 and 14 post-mating in PP, PN, and control groups. The expression levels of miRNAs were analyzed using qPCR, and progesterone (P₄) levels were measured via electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. On day 7, the miR-23b expressions were similar in PN, PP, and control. However, compared to control and PN, miR-23b was found to be upregulated approximately 2-fold in the PP on day 14. miR-23b expressions were similar on day 7 and day 14 in PP. miR-125b expression was similar in PN, PP, and control on day 7. Compared to control, miR-125b was upregulated nearly 3-fold in the PP on day 14. Furthermore, miR-125b was recorded to be more than 3-fold upregulated on day 14 compared to day 7 in the PP. Moreover, mean P₄ levels were higher in the PP than in the PN. Bioinformatics findings revealed that miR-23b and miR-125b regulate 736 genes. miR-23b is notably involved in the HIF-1 signalling pathway, influencing the secretion of pregnancy-related hormones and supporting organ development and pregnancy progression (FDR value &lt;0.05). miR-125b plays a role in placental and embryonic development, osteoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis regulation (FDR-value &lt;0.05). In conclusion, the upregulation of miR-23b and miR-125b in plasma might be related to pregnancy, and both miRNAs might be used as pregnancy biomarkers in ewes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of air temperature, milk production and shearing on drinking water intake of Angora goats in pen during summer","authors":"Martin Calianno ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Castillo ,&nbsp;Santiago I. Hurtado ,&nbsp;Saúl Deluchi ,&nbsp;Brenda Garcia ,&nbsp;Laura Villar ,&nbsp;E. Sebastian Villagra ,&nbsp;Marcos H. Easdale","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study determines daily drinking water intake of Angora goats in pen during summer in North Patagonia (Argentina) and proposes a parametric equation predicting water intake in these conditions. Environmental and physiological parameters are also measured: dry matter intake, water in feed, animal weight, air temperature, shearing and milk production. Water intake varied from 1.8 to 5.5 L/goat/day. During lactation, the average was 3.9 L/goat/day. After weaning it was 3.3 L/goat/day. Then, after shearing, the average decreased to 2.5 L/goat/day. Equations from the literature taking into account body weight and milk production are the ones that best fits observed water intake values for our case study. We propose an equation that takes into account the effect of shearing, maximum daily air temperature (Tmax) and daily milk production. It shows the best fit with observed water intake time series. The study showed the sensitivity of goats’ water requirements during the summer as measured by a positive response to air temperature and downward requirement after both weaning and shearing management decisions. These results highlight the relevance of considering both environmental parameters and herd management decisions in the evaluation of water requirements of animals in pens, when body weight and feed intake remains nearly constant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of microbial feed additives on performance of Maghrebian she-camels under Egyptian conditions","authors":"Sobhy M.A. Sallam ,&nbsp;Fatma A. Abo-Baker ,&nbsp;Marwa F.A. Attia ,&nbsp;Aly M. Allam ,&nbsp;Tarek H. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Eman A. Elwakeel ,&nbsp;Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ,&nbsp;Ahmed E. Kholif","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/g) at 1, 2, and 3 g/kg dry matter (DM), and ZADO (a commercial exogenous enzyme mixture containing 28 × 10⁴ of <em>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</em>) at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg DM on <em>in vitro</em> ruminal fermentation, <em>in vivo</em> performance, milk yield and composition, and reproductive parameters in Maghrebian dairy she-camels. Eleven pregnant dams were divided into three groups: the control was fed a basal diet without supplement, and the others were daily supplemented with active dry yeast culture at 20 g or ZADO at 10 g. In the <em>in vitro</em> experiment, the medium yeast level exhibited the highest <em>in vitro</em> gas production (120 mL/g DM; P = 0.001), while low ZADO supplementation improved total digestible DM and organic matter (P &lt; 0.05). Both additives significantly reduced protozoal counts (P &lt; 0.001). In the <em>vivo</em> experiment, ZADO supplementation improved (P &lt; 0.05) body weight change, average daily gain, and enhanced offspring growth performance (P &lt; 0.05). Milk yield was higher with yeast and ZADO supplementation (P = 0.007), though solids-not-fat, protein, and lactose concentrations were lower compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05). ZADO and yeast also enhanced reproductive efficiency (P &lt; 0.01) by shortening uterine involution, advancing first heat, and reducing calving interval and days open. These findings support the use of microbial additives, particularly ZADO, as effective dietary strategies to improve performance and fertility in lactating she-camels under Egyptian conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the quality of mohair fiber produced and auctioned in Argentina by Angora goat farmer organizations","authors":"Diego Sacchero,&nbsp;Julia Maurino,&nbsp;Ezequiel Bernardo Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mohair fiber production faces various challenges, such as those related to production environments, sustainability, the supply chain and consumer demands. In Argentina, mohair is produced in Patagonia, in mixed and extensive livestock fiber-meat systems, and exported in combed, washed or raw state. This study analyzed data on mohair fiber quality within the Mohair Program, a national public policy, aiming to provide insights to monitor and address current and future challenges in the mohair fiber industry. The data analyzed included annual records of 612 commercial samples from 24 collection centers from 2014 to 2023. The variables analyzed were mean fiber diameter (MFD), percentages of non-objectionable medullated fibers (NOB) and Kemp-type medullated fibers (KMP), yield (YLD) and vegetal matter (VEG). The MFD overall trend showed a positive slope, indicating an increase from 27.3 to 28.8 μm over time. In Argentina, MFD is finer than in South Africa, suggesting potential for increased production via nutrition and genetics. The general trend for NOB fibers indicated a slight decrease over time. Comparison of NOB fibers at the beginning and at the end of the time series showed a decrease from 2.45 % to 1.75 %. On the other hand, KMP fibers increased during the period analyzed, exceeding 1 % in 2018 and slightly 2.0 % in the last shearing season. Reducing KMP values represents the largest pending task within the Mohair Program. The YLD values were high (83.0–87.2 %) and VEG values very low (&lt;1 %), contributing to the excellent quality parameters of Argentine mohair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the outcome of yogurt-type fermentation of lactose-containing and lactose-free cow and sheep milk","authors":"Yusuf Bi̇çer ,&nbsp;Gamze Turkal ,&nbsp;A. Ezgi Telli̇ ,&nbsp;Tuba Bayır ,&nbsp;Durmuş Sert","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for lactose-free dairy products has prompted the development of high-quality alternatives suited for lactose-intolerant individuals. This study aimed to develop lactose-free yogurt using cow and sheep milk and evaluate the physicochemical, microbiological, textural, and rheological properties during fermentation. Lactose hydrolysis was achieved using a lactase enzyme, and fermentation kinetics were assessed by monitoring pH, acidity, and microbial growth. Water-holding capacity (WHC) and syneresis were analyzed to determine gel structure and moisture retention, while HPLC was used to quantify residual lactose. Texture and rheological measurements, including firmness, consistency, and viscoelastic parameters (G′, G′′, and loss tangent), were also performed. The findings revealed that lactose-free sheep milk yogurt exhibited the highest WHC and the lowest syneresis, indicating superior gel integrity. In addition, L− sheep yogurts showed the greatest firmness and lowest loss tangent values, suggesting strong elastic behavior. HPLC analysis confirmed the absence of detectable lactose in lactose-free samples. Compared to cow milk, sheep milk offered superior structural and functional characteristics, even after lactose removal. These results suggest that sheep milk is a promising raw material for lactose-free yogurt production, contributing to product diversification and improved quality for lactose-intolerant consumers. This study presents the first comprehensive comparison of lactose-free yogurt made from cow and sheep milk with respect to fermentation kinetics and gelation properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of growing lambs supplemented with dietary curcumin: a meta-analysis","authors":"Pedro Abel Hernández-García ,&nbsp;Juan Eduardo Godina-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera ,&nbsp;José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna ,&nbsp;Gabriela Vázquez-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of dietary curcumin supplementation on growth performance, serum antioxidant status, and serum metabolites in growing lambs through a meta-analytic approach. Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for available information following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. The meta-analytic database was constructed using data extracted from 10 peer-reviewed scientific articles published in English between January 2015 and April 2025. Data were analyzed using random-effects models, and results were expressed using weighted mean differences. Dietary supplementation with curcumin increased (P &lt; 0.01) dry matter intake and average daily gain and, at the same time, decreased (P &lt; 0.001) feed conversion ratio. Dietary supplementation with curcumin increased (P &lt; 0.05) serum levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity while decreasing (P &lt; 0.001) serum malondialdehyde concentration. Serum immunoglobulins A, G, and M concentrations increased (P &lt; 0.001) in response to dietary curcumin supplementation. Dietary supplementation with curcumin decreased serum glucose, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). However, dietary supplementation with curcumin did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) serum urea, albumin, globulin, and total protein concentrations. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with curcumin could be used as a nutritional strategy to improve growth performance, serum antioxidant status, and immune response without negatively affecting serum metabolites in growing lambs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance and farmer perception of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep farms: A 10-year retrospective study","authors":"Giuseppe Martone ,&nbsp;Antonio Bosco ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Maturo ,&nbsp;Mirella Santaniello ,&nbsp;Lavinia Ciuca ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cringoli ,&nbsp;Laura Rinaldi ,&nbsp;Alice Mannocci","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are ubiquitous in grazing ruminant production systems and are responsible for significant production losses, especially on sheep farms. Control programmes of these parasites in ruminants are based on using anthelmintic drugs. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance, together with global warming, is responsible for the changing epidemiology of these helminths in many geographical areas. Long-time helminth surveillance of GIN infections is paramount to defining control strategies. This study aimed to investigate GIN infections in sheep farms by integrating parasitological data with data collected by questionnaire. The analysis focused on the variability of GIN burden (eggs per gram of faeces - EPG), in order to evaluate the role of surveillance in supporting sustainable helminth control strategies. A structured questionnaire was developed and validated to collect detailed information on farms. The study also explored farmers’ perceptions of helminth infections and their perceived impact on milk and meat production. Parasitological data were obtained from a ten-year helminth surveillance (2013–2023) of the Regional Center for Monitoring Parasitic Infections (CREMOPAR, Campania region, Italy) on 138 sheep farms sampled in southern Italy. A retrospective observational study according to the STROBE statement was performed. The variables and covariates were analysed using a machine learning model for advanced data analysis, in particular, classification tree and random forest. The results of this retrospective study spanning ten years indicated that as the averages and medians of the number of Faecal Egg Count Analysis (FEC Analysis) increased, a decline in the average helminth burden was observed for each FEC Analysis. The validated questionnaire showed good internal consistency and was effective in capturing data on farm management and farmer perceptions. Machine learning models identified treatment frequency, administration method, and farmer awareness of anthelmintic resistance as key predictors of improved production outcomes. Differences in productivity were also observed between dairy and meat systems, with breed and pasture size playing significant roles. Notably, younger farmers demonstrated more effective management strategies. Environmental factors, such as proximity to water sources, influenced meat production levels. The study highlights the importance of regular parasitological monitoring and evidence-based management in improving helminth control and farm productivity. The findings support the integration of diagnostic tools, farmer education, and predictive models to optimize treatment strategies and promote sustainable parasite control in sheep farming systems. Therefore, monitoring is the basis for setting up a correct control strategy for GINs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 107590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro infection model in primary macrophages and in vivo evaluation of benzathine cloxacillin nanoparticles for the treatment of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats","authors":"João Vitor Fernandes Cotrim de Almeida ,&nbsp;Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins ,&nbsp;Marcos Ferrante ,&nbsp;Jomar Patricio Monteiro ,&nbsp;Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Ana Milena César Lima ,&nbsp;Juliana Carine Gern ,&nbsp;Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira ,&nbsp;Manuel Ibarra ,&nbsp;Michelle Daiane de Almeida Loures ,&nbsp;Isabella Bitencourt Guimarães ,&nbsp;Geovana de Carvalho Onorato ,&nbsp;Alessandro de Sá Guimarães ,&nbsp;Humberto de Mello Brandão","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> effect of cloxacillin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (CLXNPs) on <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> and to determine the pharmacokinetics of cloxacillin after subcutaneous (SC) administration in goats naturally infected with <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em>. An <em>in vitro</em> phagocytosis assay with ovine primary macrophages was standardized to evaluate the delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect of CLXNPs. A single SC dose of 1.81 mg/kg of CLXNPs was administered to eight Toggenburg female goats with abscesses caused by <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em>. Plasma and abscess fluid samples were collected for 48 h following administration. The CLXNPs exhibited a size of 188.41 ± 49.34 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.18 ± 0.07 and a zeta potential of - 33.93 ± 6.42 mV. In the <em>in vitro</em> assay, 8 µg/mL CLXNPs reduced the bacterial count by 99.90 % (equivalent to at least a 5-log reduction - bactericidal effect) in both intracellular and extracellular compartments. The mean maximum plasma concentration was 16.35 ± 12.88 ng/mL, while that in the abscess fluid was 17.45 ± 10.88 ng/mL. The mean apparent elimination half-life of CLXNPs in blood plasma was 2.01 ± 0.65 h. The ability to increase the duration of time that CLX remains in macrophages, as well as the intracellular CLXNPs activity against <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em>, was successfully demonstrated. These preliminary data can serve as a guide for a larger clinical study in goats infected with <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em> to define both a dose and a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of caseous lymphadenitis with a novel formulation of CLXNPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 107561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}