Small Ruminant Research最新文献

{"title":"Short duration heatwaves increase body temperature and alter blood gas balance but may not cause oxidative stress and intestinal structure variations in lambs","authors":"Minghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Frank R. Dunshea ,&nbsp;Robyn D. Warner ,&nbsp;Kristy DiGiacomo ,&nbsp;Aleena Joy ,&nbsp;Archana Abhijith ,&nbsp;Pragna Prathap ,&nbsp;Ting Ma ,&nbsp;Surinder S. Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of short duration heatwaves (HW) on the body temperature, blood gas, intestinal histology, and oxidative stress parameters of second cross lambs. Seventy-two second cross lambs [Poll Dorset × (Border Leicester × Merino)] were selected and exposed to either one, three or five days HW (28–38°C and 40–60 % relative humidity (RH)) or thermoneutral (TN; 18–21°C, 40–55 % RH) conditions in climate-controlled chambers. Lambs exposed to one to five days HW exhibited higher face, eye and ear temperature compared to animals exposed to equal duration under TN conditions. HW also had a significant impact on blood gas parameters which include higher blood pH, and lower CO₂, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, CHCO₃^- and Cl^-. However, HW lambs’ histology structure of the ileum and the GSSG: GSH of the ileum and <em>Longissimus thoracis</em> (LT) muscle were not influenced (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) by HW. LT muscle showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in HW conditions, but the TAC of intestine and blood had no difference between HW and TN groups. These results suggest that short-duration HW (one to five days) had a significant impact on lambs’ body temperature and blood parameters, but neither caused oxidative stress nor any changes in their intestinal structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448824001731/pdfft?md5=3c5e0832346261c56b204f599c62c847&pid=1-s2.0-S0921448824001731-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring novel approaches for fertility and subfertility prediction in dromedary male camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"L.O. Méar ,&nbsp;G. Gnemmi ,&nbsp;A. Echegaray ,&nbsp;J.A. Skidmore ,&nbsp;C. Malo","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dromedary bulls exhibit particularly suboptimal semen quality. In this species, standard breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) often cannot catch the subtle difference between fertile and subfertile males. Therefore, the aim was to explore novel diagnostic tools to predict fertility and recognize subfertility in dromedary bulls. We explored the relationship between semen quality, fertility, echotexture parameters, accessory glands volume and total testosterone. Two sets of experiments were performed: <em>in vitro</em> (semen group) and <em>in vivo</em> (natural mating group). Each group was assessed by standard BSE: clinical examination, testis volume, ultrasound analysis of testicular parenchyma (TP) and epididymis. For the first time, images of epididymal head were obtained. Testis volume was not correlated to any parameters studied. Ultrasound TP showed especially low sensitivity (20 % <em>in vitro</em> and 14 % <em>in vivo</em>). The standard BSE was found unsuccessful in assessing subfertility. Therefore, animals were then submitted to advanced BSE: digital image analysis of TP, assessment of accessory glands (prostate (P) and bulbourethral (BB) glands) and serum total testosterone concentration. Upon analysis, significant correlations were found among some echotexture parameters (white pixels, mean grey levels, area and density of hypoechogenic areas) and percentage of viability, head defects, mitochondria potential and fertility. Only white pixels showed strong sensitivity (86 %) and specificity (100 %). BB volume correlated with ejaculate volume. Total testosterone concentration did not correlate with any parameters studied. In conclusion, advanced BSE (digital ultrasound image analysis and accessory glands volume) proved to be a useful tool for predicting semen quality and detecting subfertility in dromedary camels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and physicochemical characteristics and volatile profiles of Erzincan Tulum cheese coagulated by herb-fortified artisanal lamb rennet","authors":"Ayla Arslaner ,&nbsp;Özgenur Türkmen","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characteristics of Erzincan Tulum cheese (ETC), an artisanal ewe-milk cheese and the first cheese with the designation of origin in Türkiye, are closely related to the geographical location of production and the human factors influencing every stage of the production process. This study aims to determine the influence of different coagulants (namely, herb-fortified artisanal lamb rennet (ALR), artisanal calf rennet (ACR), and commercial calf rennet (CCR)) on the biochemical, physicochemical characteristics, and volatile compounds of ETC, produced on the Heybeli plateau of the Erzincan province. Using artisanal rennet increased total solids, fat content, and acidity while decreasing pH and aw values. The highest PTA-SN (soluble nitrogen in 5 % phosphotungstic acid, w/v) and TCA-SN (soluble nitrogen in 12 % trichloroacetic acid w/w) values at the end of the ripening period (day 150 of storage) were observed in the ALR-Cheese (ALR-C). Furthermore, this cheese exhibited the highest rate of lipolysis (P &lt; 0.01). Electrophoretograms revealed that <em>αs-</em>1 and <em>β</em>-casein degradation rates were the most significant in ALR-C. Following the 30th day of storage, the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were found in ALR-C. The most rapid reduction of coliforms, <em>E. coli</em>, and yeast-mold was observed in this sample throughout the storage. Eighty-nine volatile compounds were identified in the samples. Particularly noteworthy, ALR-C exhibited the highest ratios of hexanoic, octanoic, and decanoic acids after 90 days of storage. Additionally, steroid compounds were exclusively detected in this sample. The findings of this research make a substantial contribution to the existing literature concerning rennet types and the aromatic profile of ETC. These aspects are crucial for further investigations to enhance the cheese's quality and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipating the potential distribution of Fasciola spp. in Gilan province of Iran: Insights from MaxEnt and climate change scenarios","authors":"Galia Modabbernia ,&nbsp;Behnam Meshgi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolosis, a parasitic disease affecting humans and animals, is uniquely influenced by climatic and environmental factors. Gilan province in northern Iran is recognized as a high-endemic area for this parasite. This study aims to assess the prevalence of fasciolosis in Gilan province during the current period and forecast the distribution pattern of the parasite in future periods by analyzing climatic variables and identifying the most critical factors impacting <em>Fasciola</em>. To evaluate the present status of fasciolosis in Gilan, we collected 189 sheep fecal samples from different parts of the province and quantified eggs per gram of feces in each sample. Meteorological and environmental data were obtained and clipped to the study area. A total of 19 presence points were used to model the habitat suitability of <em>Fasciola</em> spp. through the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm, with jackknife analysis to determine variable importance. To project the potential distribution of <em>Fasciola</em> spp. in Gilan province under future scenarios, we employed MaxEnt using current (1970–2000) and projected climatic data based on three representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) to predict habitat suitability in 2030, 2050, and 2070.</div><div>The results of this study indicate the proportion of <em>Fasciola</em> spp. infection was highest in Talesh (46.37 %) and Langarud (45.7 %), while Rudsar (0 %) and Shaft (16.25 %) exhibited the lowest infection rates in Gilan province. MaxEnt modeling highlighted the significance of bioclimatic variables, particularly those associated with vegetation and temperature, such as temperature seasonality (Bio4) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The ecological niche modeling illustrated that the highest potential distribution for <em>Fasciola</em> in Gilan province is concentrated in the north-western and central regions, exhibiting an 80–100 % potential. However, projections for the future indicate a decrease to less than 20 % suitability for most of the province under all three scenarios until 2070. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between climatic variables and <em>Fasciola</em> distribution, enabling better preparedness and control strategies for this trematode in Gilan province and other regions with similar climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and evolutionary significance of Cahi-DRB1 gene in Indian goat from semi-arid regions","authors":"S.P. Naik ,&nbsp;P.V. Nandedkar ,&nbsp;A. Gurao ,&nbsp;P.K. Rout ,&nbsp;M.K. Singh ,&nbsp;S. Sajid. Ali ,&nbsp;P.R. Suryawanshi ,&nbsp;P.B. Ghorpade ,&nbsp;M. Chitkara ,&nbsp;R.S. Kataria ,&nbsp;G.R. Gowane ,&nbsp;M.S. Dige","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unlocking the genetic diversity of the Cahi-DRB1 gene in Indian goat breeds sheds light on their immune system's resilience. While extensive studies have elucidated MHC diversity in cattle and sheep, research on goats remains limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of cahi<em>-DRB1</em> across five goat breeds in India, encompassing a total of 233 individual goats. Using a PCR sequence-based typing approach, DRB1 fragments (285 bp) were amplified and sequenced. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Amino acid variability within breeds was evaluated using the Wu-Kabat index at peptide-binding pockets. Selection analysis included assessing positive selection through relative rates of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations, Z-test, and Tajima's test of neutrality. The findings revealed notable heterozygosity across breeds (mean: 100 %), with nucleotide content averaging 22.51 % for A, 18.62 % for T, 24.33 % for C, and 34.35 % for G. The GC content was rich (59.26 %) across breeds for the DRB1 region. The mean distance for DRB1 was highest in Barbari (0.20) and lowest in Osmanabadi goat (0.12), with a higher rate of transversions observed. The Wu-Kabat index assessments underscored substantial genetic variation within the peptide binding sites (PBS) of DRB1, with specific residues (12, 14, 33, 58, and 87) showing polymorphism relevant to antigen presentation. Positive selection pressure was evident across all breeds for the DRB1 locus (dN&gt;dS), highlighting its evolutionary significance. The rich diversity of the DRB1 gene underscores the fitness of the population and the significance of this locus for future selection programs. These results highlight the highly polymorphic nature of the DRB1 locus in Indian goat breeds, emphasizing its crucial role in modulating immune responses. Consequently, our study offers valuable insights for developing targeted breeding strategies to enhance disease resistance in goats, thereby providing practical implications for sustainable livestock management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of a novel GHRHR gene variant on growth traits in Damascus goats","authors":"Mervan Bayraktar ,&nbsp;Nazan Koluman ,&nbsp;Mohammed Baqur S. Al-Shuhaib","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the genotype and allele frequencies of three novel SNP loci (c.4218 T&gt;G, c.2203 T&gt;C, and c.7966 A&gt;C) in the GHRHR gene within the Damascus goat breed and their associations with growth traits. The genotype frequencies for c.4218 T&gt;G were 0.65 (TT), 0.15 (TG), and 0.20 (GG), with allele frequencies of 0.73 (T) and 0.27 (G), showing a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The c.2203 T&gt;C locus had genotype frequencies of 0.75 (TT) and 0.25 (CC), and the c.7966 A&gt;C locus had 0.81 (AA) and 0.19 (CC), both consistent with HWE. Association analysis revealed significant correlations between the c.4218 T&gt;G SNP and body weight and rump width, with the TT genotype showing the highest averages for both traits. The c.2203 T&gt;C SNP was significantly associated with body weight and chest width, with the TT genotype again showing higher averages. The c.7966 A&gt;C SNP was associated with chest depth and body length, with the AA genotype displaying lower averages for these traits. In silico predictions using multiple computational tools indicated that the identified missense SNP (p.31Ile&gt;Ser) is novel and likely deleterious to the GHRHR protein's function and stability. Molecular docking demonstrated that the wild-type GHRHR binds more effectively with G protein alpha compared to the mutated form, predicting a mechanism through which this variant reduces the interactions of GHRHR with its cognate proteins. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic factors influencing growth traits in Damascus goats and highlight the potential impact of the p.31Ile&gt;Ser SNP on GHRHR functionality. This research underscores the importance of incorporating genetic markers in breeding programs to enhance growth traits and overall productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse gases measurement time reduction in Portable Accumulation Chambers with grazing sheep evaluated morning and afternoon","authors":"Dinah Pereira Abbott Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Iohan Souza da Silva ,&nbsp;Patrícia Guadagnin Vogel ,&nbsp;Bruna Fernandes Machado ,&nbsp;Lucas Biscaglia Miranda ,&nbsp;Eduarda Jahnke Kepplin ,&nbsp;Eliana Bordin Dutra ,&nbsp;Lauan Machado Quinhones ,&nbsp;Roberta Lago Giovelli ,&nbsp;Douglas Leandro Scheid ,&nbsp;Caren Alessandra da Rosa ,&nbsp;Luciana Pötter ,&nbsp;Sandro José Giacomini ,&nbsp;Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) represent an important tool for quantifying greenhouse gases (GHG) in small ruminants. The objectives of the study were to evaluate to reduce the PAC time evaluation in sheep without compromising the GHG, methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) measurements and to evaluate the PAC methodology, considering the variability of gaseous emissions in the day. Four times the animals spent in the PAC (10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes) and two collection times during the day (morning and afternoon) were tested for two consecutive days. The sheep used in the study came from a field experiment where they were subjected to different grazing feeding systems (only Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass in a mixture of legumes (Persian clover (<em>Trifolium resupinatum</em> L.) and White clover (<em>Trifolium repens</em> L.)) pasture and lambs grazing Italian ryegrass and consuming an energetic supplement (RyeG + Sup)). The gas samples collected at PAC were analyzed for CH₄ and CO₂ concentration on a gas chromatograph. There was no interaction in CH₄ and CO₂ measurements between times, shifts and grazing feeding systems (p &gt; 0.05). CH₄ emission between times did not differ (p &gt; 0.05), while CO₂ emissions were higher in the first 10 minutes of measurement and lower in the remaining times, fitting the non-linear regression model, with a reduction until 27.7 minutes. In relation to shifts, there was a difference for CH₄ (p &lt; 0.01), and CO₂ (p = 0.01) with the highest emissions of CH₄ (21.7 ± 4.3 g/day) and CO₂ (1282 ± 332 g/day) found in the afternoon. The results of this study indicate that 27.7 minutes of sheep staying in the PAC is enough to evaluate CH₄ and CO₂ emissions and to improve the estimate of the gas emissions, evaluations should be carried out in the morning and afternoon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of methodologies for estimating enteric methane emission factors from sheep in smallholder systems in Africa: A case study from Ethiopia","authors":"Endale B. Gurmu ,&nbsp;Phyllis W. Ndung’u ,&nbsp;Andreas Wilkes ,&nbsp;Daniel Getahun ,&nbsp;Michael W. Graham ,&nbsp;Sonja M. Leitner ,&nbsp;Svenja Marquardt ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Mulat ,&nbsp;Lutz Merbold ,&nbsp;Tigist Worku ,&nbsp;Jesse K. Gakige ,&nbsp;Dereje Tadesse ,&nbsp;Mekete Bekele ,&nbsp;Claudia Arndt","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Ethiopia, enteric methane emissions from sheep contribute around 7 % to the national greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. This study examined the gross energy intake (GEI) and enteric methane emission factors (EFs) of sheep in smallholder systems in North Shewa, Ethiopia, using locally derived data via household surveys. The surveys encompassed two agroecological zones (AEZs) and analyzed various sheep classes across seasons. The study followed the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Tier 2 methodology, which had previously been used in Kenya, and compared the results with those derived from the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Tier 2) methodology. The EFs from the two Tier 2 methodologies were compared with IPCC default Tier 1 EF. The ranges of GEI and EF estimated for the different sheep classes showed similarity with larger variations observed for IPCC Tier 2 estimates. The estimated GEI for the various sheep classes ranged from 11.1 to 13.8 MJ day⁻¹ (‘CSIRO’ Tier 2) and 10.2–14.7 MJ day⁻¹ (IPCC Tier 2). The estimated EFs ranged from 4.8 to 5.9 kg CH₄ animal⁻¹ year⁻¹ (‘CSIRO’ Tier 2) and 4.5–6.5 kg CH₄ animal⁻¹ year⁻¹ (IPCC Tier 2). The flock-level EF was computed by aggregating the EFs of the different sheep categories. The flock level EF estimated by the IPCC Tier 2 (6.0 ± 0.1 kg CH₄ animal⁻¹ year⁻¹) was significantly higher compared to both the 'CSIRO' Tier 2 and IPCC Tier 1 methods. Based on the findings, we can say that variations in EF values emphasize the significance of taking different Tier 2 approaches into account when evaluating and comparing CH₄ emissions estimates in smallholder sheep farming systems. However, there is a need for further investigations to compare the two Tier 2 methodologies against actual intake and emission measurements to decide which methodology is better.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448824001688/pdfft?md5=ce8e0b15982b2aab22dc0ed13c3ffa1b&pid=1-s2.0-S0921448824001688-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of essential oils, monensin sodium, and calcium malate on in vitro gas production, in vivo nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of finishing lambs","authors":"Maria Angelica Ortiz Heredia ,&nbsp;Pedro Arturo Martínez Hernández ,&nbsp;Oscar Vicente Vazquez Mendoza ,&nbsp;Moises Cipriano-Salazar ,&nbsp;Edson Brodeli Figueroa Pacheco ,&nbsp;Mona M.M.Y. Elghandour ,&nbsp;Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2024.107363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rumen modifiers play a crucial role in minimizing dietary energy loss for finishing lambs. This study endeavors to assess nutrient digestibility, <em>in vitro</em> gas production, productive performance, and carcass characteristics in finishing lambs through the incorporation of three rumen fermentation modifiers (monensin sodium, calcium malate, and essential oils). Thirty-five four-months-old Pelibuey lambs of 23.6 kg ± 3.2 were assigned to a completely randomized block design to evaluate five diets: control (CON, without rumen modifier), monensin sodium (MON, 25 g/t); calcium malate (MAL, 2.5 kg/t), essential oils (EO, 150 g/t); and EO (150 g/t) plus MON (25 g/t). Daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dorsal fat thickness, rib eye area, ruminal pH, and chewing time did not differ among the diets. Notably, feed efficiency trend to be superior (P = 0.07) in the EO lambs, showing a 15.31 % and 17.28 % increase <em>versus</em> CON and MON diets, respectively. Dry matter intake in g/kg^0.75 was highest (P &lt; 0.05) in MAL lambs by 23 % higher than lambs fed on diets added with EO and MON. The control diet (<em>i.e.,</em> CON) exhibited the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) <em>in vivo</em> dry matter digestibility compared to all other diets. Additionally, there was a trend (P = 0.056) towards reduced crude protein digestibility in CON diet. The inclusion of EO led to a higher (P &lt; 0.05) proportion of ruminal acetic acid and a decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in propionic acid <em>versus</em> the CON diet. The observed effects can be attributed to the antimicrobial activity of EO, specifically their secondary metabolites, which demonstrate antimicrobial properties. This underscores their potential in addressing concerns related to antibiotic use. Compared to MON, dietary inclusion with EO improves feed efficiency, with no notable effects on average daily gain, final weight, or the investigated carcass characteristics. The EO supplementation emerges as a practical alternative to antibiotic ionophore monensin for enhancing feed efficiency in finishing feedlot lambs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 107363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTRA- AND INTER-HOST EVOLUTION OF HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN HEALTHY ADULTS.","authors":"Sasirekha Ramani, Sara J Javornik Cregeen, Anil Surathu, Frederick H Neill, Donna M Muzny, Harsha Doddapaneni, Vipin K Menon, Kristi L Hoffman, Matthew C Ross, Ginger Metcalf, Antone R Opekun, David Y Graham, Richard A Gibbs, Joseph F Petrosino, Mary K Estes, Robert L Atmar","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.30.542907","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.05.30.542907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human noroviruses are a leading cause of acute and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. The evolution of human noroviruses in immunocompromised persons has been evaluated in many studies. Much less is known about the evolutionary dynamics of human norovirus in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used sequential samples collected from a controlled human infection study with GI.1/Norwalk/US/68 virus to evaluate intra- and inter-host evolution of a human norovirus in healthy adults. Up to 12 samples from day 1 to day 56 post-challenge were sequenced using a norovirus-specific capture probe method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete genomes were assembled, even in samples that were below the limit of detection of standard RT-qPCR assays, up to 28 days post-challenge. Analysis of 123 complete genomes showed changes in the GI.1 genome in all persons, but there were no conserved changes across all persons. Single nucleotide variants resulting in non-synonymous amino acid changes were observed in all proteins, with the capsid VP1 and nonstructural protein NS3 having the largest numbers of changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data highlight the potential of a new capture-based sequencing approach to assemble human norovirus genomes with high sensitivity and demonstrate limited conserved immune pressure-driven evolution of GI.1 virus in healthy adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11398385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85387684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}