C. S. Brugh, Sarah L. Desmarais, Joseph M. Simons-Rudolph, Samantha A. Zottola
{"title":"Gender in the jihad: Characteristics and outcomes among women and men involved in jihadism-inspired terrorism.","authors":"C. S. Brugh, Sarah L. Desmarais, Joseph M. Simons-Rudolph, Samantha A. Zottola","doi":"10.1037/TAM0000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/TAM0000123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131570963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Tamerlan Tsarnaev case: The nexus of psychopathology and ideology in a lone actor terrorist.","authors":"P. Cotti, Reid Meloy","doi":"10.1037/TAM0000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/TAM0000120","url":null,"abstract":"This is a psychoanalytic case study of Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the terrorist who bombed the Boston Marathon in April, 2013, with the help of his younger brother. The focus is upon the nexus between his psychopathology and ideology, in this particular case an arguable paranoid and psychotic disorder and his growing commitment to radical Islam, culminating in his identification as a jihadist warrior and a renunciation of Western ideals. The theoretical approach is both object relations and developmental, with empirical reliance on both primary and secondary source material, including the testimony of those within his family and social network at his brother’s trial. The nexus of psychopathology and ideology in this case is the degree to which conspiratorial belief systems blaming, among others, an international Jewish conspiracy and a covert CIA program—which he found in both the virtual (Internet) and terrestrial (travel to Dagestan) worlds—helped alleviate the anxiety of a decompensating mind.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124125251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simplifying the Estimation of Violence Risk by Police Among Individuals Charged for Sexual Assault","authors":"Sandy Jung, Farron Wielinga","doi":"10.1037/tam0000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000116","url":null,"abstract":"The six items from the Static-2002R that form the Brief Assessment of Recidivism Risk–2002R (BARR-2002R) have demonstrated very good predictive accuracy for violent recidivism with postadjudicated individuals who have sexually offended. In light of the constrained resources in law enforcement, the BARR-2002R may be a valuable tool to evaluate risk for identifiable perpetrators of sexual assault. The present study investigates the utility of the BARR-2002R to predict future violence propensities of 293 individuals who have been charged for sexual assault. The BARR-2002R showed a large effect in its ability to predict future general and violent offending and was associated with increased frequency of reoffending, including violent reoffending. The BARR-2002R was associated with the imminence of any recidivism but not violent recidivism. The severity of future violent offending was not associated with BARR-2002R scores. Findings suggest that the BARR-2002R may have a place in policing to evaluate violence risk among individuals charged with sexual assault. Implications of risk evaluation in law enforcement are further discussed.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"33 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131550046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"German Mass Murderers and Their Proximal Warning Behaviors","authors":"Mirko Allwinn, J. Hoffmann, J. Meloy","doi":"10.1037/tam0000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000122","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to analyze mass murder cases committed by adults from a threat assessment perspective, and to identify risk factors and proximal warning behaviors. Therefore, court records of 33 German mass murderers between 2000 and 2012 were systematically evaluated. One major focus was the comparison between psychotic and nonpsychotic offenders. Significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding their choice of weapons, planning behavior, personal crises, personality aspects, and warning behaviors. Nonpsychotic subjects were significantly more likely to evidence pathway warning behavior and directly threaten their targets before the attack when compared with the psychotic subjects. Effect sizes were medium to large. All offenders showed multiple proximal warning behaviors prior to their attacks. Findings are interpreted in light of previous studies and for the purpose of enhancing threat assessment protocols of such persons of concern.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115975814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postdicting Violence With Sovereign Citizen Actors: An Exploratory Test of the TRAP-18","authors":"Darin J. Challacombe, P. Lucas","doi":"10.1037/tam0000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000105","url":null,"abstract":"The sovereign citizen movement is one of the largest antigovernment nationalism or domestic terrorist collectives in the United States. In the last decade, over a dozen public officials were injured or killed by individuals adhering to sovereign citizen ideology. The Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18; Meloy & Gill, 2016; Meloy, Habermeyer, & Guldimann, 2015) is a collection of 18 behavior-based warning signs for terror incidents which has been used to assess primarily international terrorism samples. In this study, the researchers applied the TRAP-18 to both violent and nonviolent incidents involving sovereign citizen members. Using chi-square tests for independence and a logistic regression analysis, the researchers found support for the TRAP-18. The sum of the TRAP-18 scores was able to postdict violent outcomes within the events included within the study. This important finding should guide future research on the use of the TRAP-18 involving sovereign citizens’ collectives and other domestic groups who exhibit violence.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116983016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass Murder and Consecutive Suicide in Switzerland: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Andrea Ilic, A. Frei","doi":"10.1037/tam0000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000121","url":null,"abstract":"Mass murder, the killing of three people in a timely and locally narrowly defined space, is a rare event with extensive consequences on society. In many cases, mass murders end with the offender’s suicide. We identified 49 cases of mass murder in Switzerland that had occurred between the years 1972 and 2015. We were granted access to official files of 33 cases. The aim of our study was to identify distinct risk factors for mass murderers who had committed suicide after the crime (MMS) and those who had not (MM) by analyzing differences in sociodemographic, psychological, and criminological features. We identified 16 MMS and 17 MM. The majority of MMS was familicides. Their motive was mainly a perverted sense of loyalty, as opposed to that of MM revenge. The aggression of MMS would mostly be instrumental, the one of MM also reactive. Threats were highly prevalent in both groups, with a higher rate of specific threats in MMS and more generalized threats in MM. They did not differ in the prevalence of mental disorders or rate of prior suicidal ideation. Both type of offenders mainly used firearms. Military weapons were of no importance, contrary to their role with suicide in Switzerland. Mass murder in Switzerland is an extremely rare event that makes the drawing of general conclusions somewhat difficult and the establishing of new laws futile. Our conclusion that the aggression of MMS is premeditated, however, could be helpful with the assessment of future putative offenders.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127632056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Warren, A. Leviton, James Reed, G. Saathoff, Terri D. Patterson, Lauren A. Richards, Andrea D. Fancher
{"title":"Operationalizing Theory: A Moral-Situational Action Model for Extremist Violence","authors":"J. Warren, A. Leviton, James Reed, G. Saathoff, Terri D. Patterson, Lauren A. Richards, Andrea D. Fancher","doi":"10.1037/tam0000118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000118","url":null,"abstract":"Violence risk and threat assessments have coexisted for decades as mutually exclusive endeavors of academia and law enforcement. In the years following September 11th, 2001, extremist violence has demanded that law enforcement and intelligence agencies identify, prevent, and respond to potential attacks perpetrated by radicalized civilians. This challenge has highlighted the gaps in the current risk and threat assessment methodologies. We seek to inform and improve these two processes by integrating theory into this process of violence risk and threat assessment, while focusing specifically on the radicalization of women to extremist violence. We present a Moral-Situational Action model for extremist violence which seeks to integrate theoretical tenets of Situational Action Theory with practiced principles of risk and threat assessment. The goal is to provide a causative model which will guide operational analyses and empirical research concerning an individual’s progressive involvement in or desistence from extremist violence. The model explores risk and protective factors as intertwined constructs on the same continuum. The model further integrates the quantitative coding of risk factors with a formulation-based outcome that includes behavior, motivation, and vulnerabilities, to assess fluctuating levels of risk, and individual-specific risk and threat management strategies. We describe the coding protocol that is being used to quantitatively examine this theory and posit that with modest revision it will be applicable to men.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130020907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prescient, inconsistent, and ignorant: Commentary on the Dispensation of dynamite.","authors":"P. Gill, Nadine L. Salman, C. Clemmow","doi":"10.1037/TAM0000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/TAM0000111","url":null,"abstract":"Comments on the article The Dispensation of Dynamite (1883, March 16) (see record 2018-63621-005). The Dispensation of Dynamite (1883, March 16) is equal parts prescient, inconsistent, ignorant, and devoid of true context. The authors try to contextualize aspects of Dispensation’s reporting, add some correctives to erroneous aspects, and draw upon contemporary debates within terrorism studies, as well as recent terrorist attacks. Dispensation reports the day after coordinated.","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130853918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of dispensation of dynamite.","authors":"M. Amman","doi":"10.1037/tam0000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132046265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary regarding the March 18, 1883 column in the New York Times: “The dispensation of dynamite”.","authors":"Ronald F. Tunkel","doi":"10.1037/tam0000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tam0000114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Threat Assessment and Management","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133562995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}