{"title":"Calculations of generator source short- circuit current according to ANSI/IEEE and IEC standards, with EMTP verifications","authors":"J. Das","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185412","url":null,"abstract":"For the interruption of a large generator source-short-circuit current, a current zero may not be obtained at the contact parting time of the circuit breaker. Large generators which have high X/R ratio, and depending upon the relative impedances and time constants the dc component can be higher than the ac decaying component delaying the occurrence of current zero well beyond contact parting time of the circuit breaker. The subject is well addressed in the current literature, though not the calculations of it. This paper presents calculations of a large practical generator using ANSI/IEEE and IEC standards with verifications of results using EMTP. It demonstrates large differences which impact the selection of generator circuit breaker interrupting duties.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116557044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative, robust and secure industrial solutions using microprocessor relays","authors":"C. Seelig, B. McDermott","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides real-world examples of the benefits to industrial systems when aging and obsolete electromechanical relays are replaced with modern, microprocessor-based relays. Microprocessor-based relays eliminate failure and degradation of operations due to moving parts. They also reduce or eliminate the time to detect a failure via internal self-test diagnostics and monitoring, information storage, and communications that immediately publish alarms and alerts. Driving the mean time to detect failures to zero with instantaneous alerts of self-test alarms dramatically improves the reliability of systems that formerly relied on periodic manual tests of devices to detect failure. In fact, any failed electromechanical devices in service today will remain undetected until they are tested or until they fail to operate while in service. IEC and IEEE reliability measures based on time to detect failure and repair or replace are both improved with instantaneous detection and notification.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124693901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NFPA and its implications on thermographic inspections","authors":"Martin Robinson","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185426","url":null,"abstract":"NFPA is the world's most influential organization for fire prevention and electrical safety. As such, their more than 300 standards have far-reaching implications for companies as they strive to create safer work environments and safer work practices. In many cases, the recommendations of these standards are used by governmental enforcement agencies (such as OSHA), municipal building inspectors and even insurance companies as the basis for mandates being placed on corporations and individuals the world over. This paper will explore the standards and their implications on thermographers and electrical preventive maintenance programs.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"520 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116204787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Drewiske, Rory M. Johnson, D. Rhodes, Larry Thomas
{"title":"Managing through economic downturns - Before, during and after job loss and career change PPIC 2009 PANEL","authors":"G. Drewiske, Rory M. Johnson, D. Rhodes, Larry Thomas","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185423","url":null,"abstract":"This panel has been included in the conference program to help address the timely topics of how to deal with loss of staff and loss of personal employment. As the economy, both national and international, has contracted into recession, many of our members are struggling with one or the other of these issues. Four panelists will offer personal experience and insight from the perspective of managing through staff reductions, working toward a known future severance date, operating in the “unemployed and looking” mode and, finally, looking back after having been through it all and moving on with a “modified” career. Panel members will be comprised of mill employees, consulting engineers, engineering design group personnel and equipment manufacturers' representatives.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115903914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple and reliable model for the thermal protection of variable speed self-ventilated induction motor drives","authors":"M. Valenzuela, P. Reyes","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185431","url":null,"abstract":"Self-ventilated, variable speed, induction motors cannot be protected using standard overload relays. At reduced operating speeds, the heat loss dissipation capability is deteriorated, and the motor could be subjected to overheating, even with operating currents below the rated value. The practical solution generally employed is to oversize the motor in order to avoid overheating at reduced speeds.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116884182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proper testing of protection systems ensures against false tripping and unnecessary outages","authors":"O. Peterson, Rogerio C. Scharlach, Cesar Baltazar","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185429","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of three-phase primary injection testing as an important part of the substation commissioning process. Individually testing the components of a protective relay scheme is common practice. Many times, this testing is performed without looking at how the equipment under test interacts with all the other components of the protective relay scheme. Several relay misoperations can be avoided by executing an overall testing plan with all the interconnected components. Three-phase primary current injection tests can be easily performed during equipment commissioning and can detect mistakes that would otherwise only be detected when load is available. This paper describes the planning, execution, and analysis of results of three-phase primary injection tests.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123643560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Professional networking on the internet","authors":"B. Lloyd","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185427","url":null,"abstract":"The internet has resulted in many changes in how individuals and companies interact. One fairly recent innovation has been the explosion of Social and Professional networking sites. Such sites are basically virtual communities where individuals can interact with each other over the internet in a manner which goes beyond web pages, text messages, and email.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122590123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generator failures in pulp and paper mill style generators","authors":"W. Moore, Robert Vandenabeele","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185420","url":null,"abstract":"In 2005, as part of a paper and presentation on reconditioning generators commonly serving the pulp and paper mill industry, the author provided information on several of the most common types of generator failure modes that occurs on these units. Common preventive maintenance tests that can be done to uncover these types of failures were also presented. The paper also included some reference information to orient and familiarize the reader with the generator's key components. This follow-up paper is written with the intent of adding to the originally presented list of generator failures that can occur on these units. Specific tests to address these additional generator failure modes are provided. Between the two papers, an excellent reference for the generator, along with most all the possible failure modes, and key electrical tests, are provided.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculating incident energy released with varying ground fault magnitudes on solidly grounded systems","authors":"D. Loucks","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185411","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE Standard 1584-2002 is the recognized standard regarding the calculation of incident energy output from an alternating-current three-phase arcing fault. While that standard does not provide incident energy calculations for the much more common single-phase-to-ground fault, it explains that the expectation is that such a ground fault will either self-extinguish or else will escalate into a 3-phase fault. If the fault escalates, the three-phase calculations can be used. The amount of time the arc burns as a single phase fault before escalation isn't defined, but a reference document used by 1584 defines this escalation time as one to two cycles. No attempt is made to calculate the incident energy released during this escalation period. While exact answers to the question of how much additional energy would be released are best answered through additional testing, this paper attempts to bracket likely high and low ranges of incident energy that could be released from an arcing single-phase to ground fault prior to escalation into a three-phase fault. As this paper only provides a theoretical basis for the calculation of additional energy released from arcing ground faults prior to escalation, it is the opinion of the author that future standards should include testing of incident energy released from faults that begin as low level arcing ground faults","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124156069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active stator winding thermal protection for AC motors","authors":"Pinjia Zhang, B. Lu, T. Habetler","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2009.5185409","url":null,"abstract":"AC motors are the main workhorses in process industries. Their malfunction may not only lead to repair or replacement of the motor, but also cause significant financial losses due to unexpected process downtime. Reliable thermal protection of ac motors is crucial for reducing the motor failure rate and prolonging a motor's lifetime. In this paper, conventional thermal protection devices and state-of-the-art thermal protection techniques are reviewed with their advantages and limitations discussed. Since 2001, the research team at the author's company and at the Georgia Institute of Technology has been cooperatively developing a series of active motor thermal protection methods, as a low-cost alternative approach to the traditional passive and sensor-based methods. These active thermal protection methods monitor the average stator temperature via stator resistance estimation based on the dc equivalent model of ac motors, using only motor stator voltage and current measurements. In this paper, an overview of the active thermal protection techniques for line-started, soft-starter-connected and inverter-fed ac motors is presented, with their advantages and drawbacks discussed. The active thermal protection techniques are capable of providing accurate, and non-invasive thermal protection of ac motors.","PeriodicalId":217420,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 2009 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"AES-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126486158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}