Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Antidiarrheal Properties of Papaya Leaf: Insights <i>In Vivo</i> Study in Mice-Model and <i>In Silico</i> Analysis at M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Interaction.","authors":"Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Faruk Jayanto Kelutur, Mary Jho-Anne Tolentino Corpuz","doi":"10.1155/2024/1558620","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1558620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea caused by gut motility involves 5-HT₃ serotonin receptor (5-HT₃R) antagonist, M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M₃-AchR), and H₁ histamine receptor (H₁R) via their respective agonist. Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) leaf is an herbal medicine to treat diarrhea in Indonesia, though this has not yet been proven scientifically. This study aimed to determine the antidiarrheal properties of papaya leaf through <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in silico</i> studies. In the mice model, papaya leaves were infused with distilled water and subjected to <i>in vivo</i> antidiarrheal study using castor oil-induced diarrhea. <i>In silico</i> molecular docking study of nineteen secondary metabolites was carried out on the M₃-AchR (PDB ID: 5ZHP) using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, while ADMET was predicted by pre-ADMET. The results showed that papaya leaf infusion caused a decrease in the total number of feces, an increase in the onset time of diarrhea, a reduction in the frequency of diarrhea, and an increase in the percentage of inhibition of diarrhea. Quercetin 3-rutinoside, a flavonoid glycoside, is potentially an antidiarrheal remedy at M₃-AchR. ADMET prediction showed good distribution on the target and was not toxic, but absorption needed to be considered. We concluded that the antidiarrheal activity of papaya leaf infusion was dose-dependent. Based on a molecular docking study, the flavonoid glycoside was very effective as an antidiarrheal remedy. ADMET prediction showed a specific distribution to the target and was not toxic.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1558620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>ARHGAP4</i> Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of SW620 Colon Cancer Cells by Cell Cycle and Differentiation Pathways.","authors":"Ming-Sheng Fu, Shu-Xian Pan, Xun-Quan Cai, Cui-Ting Lv, Qin-Cong Pan","doi":"10.1155/2024/5791613","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5791613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which <i>ARHGAP4</i> regulates the proliferation and growth of colon cancer cells, and it relates to the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Various techniques including western blot, CCK8, qRT-PCR, RNA seq assay, plate cloning, subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays, and bioinformatics tools were employed to identify genes that were upregulated or downregulated upon <i>ARHGAP4</i> knockdown and their involvement in tumor cell proliferation and growth. The expression of ARHGAP4 in T and M stages of CRC uses immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of ARHGAP4 were found to be high in SW620, SW480, and HCT116 cell lines, while they were being low in HT29, LoVo, and NCM460 cell lines. Depletion of <i>ARHGAP4</i> resulted in inhibited proliferation and growth in SW620 cells and inhibited subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice, whereas overexpression of <i>ARHGAP4</i> promoted proliferation and growth in HT29 cells and promoted subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice. A total of 318 upregulated genes and 637 downregulated genes were identified in SW620 cells upon <i>ARHGAP4</i> knockdown. The downregulated genes were primarily associated with cell cycle pathways, while the upregulated genes were enriched in differentiation-related pathways. Notable upregulated genes involved in cell differentiation included KRT10, KRT13, KRT16, IVL, and CD24, while significant downregulation was observed in genes related to the cell cycle such as CCNA2, CDKN2C, CDKN3, CENPA, and CENPF. ARHGAP4 expression is markedly elevated in the M1 stage of CRC compared to the M0 stage, suggesting ARHGAP4 linked to the metastatic in CRC. <i>ARHGAP4</i> regulates the proliferation and growth of colon cancer cells by up- and downregulated cell cycle and differentiation-related molecules, which may be related to the metastasis of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5791613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Conservation Needs: Genetic Diversity and Population Ecology of the Endemic Tree <i>Spondias tuberosa</i> Arruda.","authors":"Raiane Pereira de Sales, Luan Cavalcanti da Silva, Abidã Gênesis da Silva Neves, Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo, Luciana Gomes Pinheiro, Fábio de Almeida Vieira","doi":"10.1155/2024/5023974","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5023974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Spondias tuberosa</i> Arruda (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as umbuzeiro or imbuzeiro, is a fruit tree native to the semiarid region of Brazil. The extractive harvesting of its fruits contributes significantly to the economy, generating an annual revenue of approximately $4,2 million. The present study aimed to assess the spatial pattern, allometric variations, fruit measurements, and genetic diversity of trees within a remaining forest of the Caatinga biome, with a focus on intrapopulation analysis. We used intersimple repeated sequence markers and the second-order function density of neighbours to determine the genetic and spatial structure. The density of neighbours was highest within a 10-meter radius. Biometric analyses revealed average fruit lengths of 31.12 mm (±0.22), diameters of 28.68 mm (±0.25), and fresh masses of 15.56 g (±0.33). Diaspores exhibited an average length, diameter, and thickness of 19.27 mm, 13.95 mm, and 11.14 mm, respectively, with a fresh mass of 2.28 g. Notably, the fresh mass demonstrated the highest coefficient of variation. Ten molecular markers were selected, generating 103 highly polymorphic loci (99.03%) with an average informative content of 0.45. Nei's diversity index (0.37) and Shannon's index (0.55) indicated moderate genetic diversity. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis revealed a population structure with two distinct genetic groups. The Infinite Allele and Mutation Step Models suggested a significant historical decline in population size, indicative of a genetic bottleneck. As a result, proactive in situ conservation strategies, including establishing protected natural areas, become essential, considering the socioeconomic significance of the species. Additionally, it is recommended to establish germplasm banks for ex situ conservation and the development of managed cultivation initiatives to reduce the pressure on native populations of <i>S. tuberosa</i> caused by extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5023974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Deconstruction of Plastics Waste into Nanostructured Carbon and Hydrogen Fuel Using Composite Magnetic Ferrite Catalysts.","authors":"Bilal Shoukat, Hammad Hussain, Muhammad Yasin Naz, Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim, Shazia Shukrullah, Yasin Khan, Yaning Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/3318047","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3318047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Finding new catalysts and pyrolysis technologies for efficiently recycling wasted plastics into fuels and structured solid materials of high selectivity is the need of time. Catalytic pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that cracks the feedstock in an inert gas environment into gaseous and liquid fuels and a residue. This study is conducted on microwave-assisted catalytic recycling of wasted plastics into nanostructured carbon and hydrogen fuel using composite magnetic ferrite catalysts. The composite ferrite catalysts, namely, NiZnFe₂O₄, NiMgFe₂O₄, and MgZnFe₂O₄ were produced through the coprecipitation method and characterized for onward use in the microwave-assisted valorization of wasted plastics. The ferrite nanoparticles worked as a catalyst and heat susceptor for uniformly distributed energy transfer from microwaves to the feedstock at a moderate temperature of 450°C. The type of catalyst and the working parameters significantly impacted the process efficiency, gas yield, and structural properties of the carbonaceous residue. The tested process took 2-8 minutes to pulverize feedstock into gas and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), depending on the catalyst type. The NiZnFe₂O₄-catalyzed process produced CNTs with good structural properties and fewer impurities compared to other catalysts. The NiMgFe₂O₄ catalyst performed better in terms of hydrogen evolution by showing 87.5% hydrogen (H₂) composition in the evolved gases. Almost 90% of extractable hydrogen from the feedstock evolved during the first 2 minutes of the reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3318047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Promotion of Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, and Selected Biochemical Attributes in <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni.","authors":"Muhammad Talha Rafiq, Zahoor Ahmad Sajid, Sheza Ayaz Khilji","doi":"10.1155/2024/6693085","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6693085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bert. is commonly known as candy leaf, sugar leaf, or sweet leaf. It is a natural sweetener that has low calories and is used as a substitute for sucrose. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the growth, biochemical activities, and stevioside and rebaudioside A production of <i>Stevia</i> in in <i>vitro-</i>raised plantlets. For this, green nanomaterials of GO (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mgL^-1) were applied to the <i>in vitro</i> plants to enhance its sweetness by triggering the production of stevioside and rebaudioside A and other growth and biochemical parameters. It was observed that all the growth parameters of <i>Stevia</i> plants significantly increased with all GO treatments tested. Total chlorophyll and protein contents were increased (1.85- and 2.65-fold increase from the control) by applying 8 mgL^-1 of GO to the MS medium. The maximum value (4 mg·g^-1 of protein) of peroxidase activity (POD) was observed by applying 4 mgL^-1 of GO, 28.92-fold increase from the control. In comparison, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) (0.4 mg·g^-1 protein) was observed with 10 mgL^-1 of GO (1.56-fold increase from the control). Stevioside (12.9 and 8.9 mg·g^-1 DW) and rebaudioside A (3.2 and 0.81 mg·g^-1 DW) were observed only at 6 and 8 mg·L^-1 treatment of graphene oxide. According to the findings, using graphene oxide (GO) had a significant impact on the growth, biochemical activities, and steviol glycoside production in <i>Stevia</i>. This shows that GO has the potential to be a valuable enhancer of sweetness and overall <i>Stevia</i> leaf quality, providing great prospects for the development of low-calorie natural sweeteners.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6693085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Evaluation of Coated Ginger during Long-Term Storage: Impact of Chitosan and Beeswax Bilayer Coatings at Different Temperatures.","authors":"Hernani, Christina Winarti, Tatang Hidayat, Abdullah Bin Arif, Sri Yuliani","doi":"10.1155/2024/2054943","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2054943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fresh ginger can spoil quickly owing to a variety of factors, including inappropriate postharvest handling, microbial and enzymatic activities, and chemical reactions during storage. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of ginger coated with chitosan and beeswax during storage for 6 months at different temperatures (18°C and 25°C). Fresh ginger was treated with chitosan coating (1.5 and 3.5%), followed by beeswax coating (3 and 6%). The coated ginger was wrapped in a plastic net and stored at ambient (25°C) and low temperatures (18°C) for six months. The results confirmed that coating treatment slowed down the changes in physicochemical properties (moisture, phenolic content, and so on) of ginger during storage. Ginger stored at 25°C showed shorter shelf lives than those stored at 18°C. Coating ginger with 3% chitosan followed by 6% beeswax exhibited the best results in maintaining the moisture and phenolic content, reducing weight loss, and increasing total soluble solid (TSS) and cell compartment size for six months of storage. This study provides a promising approach to delaying the spoilage of fresh ginger by applying coating treatments useful for developing handling protocols for fresh ginger during storage and distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2054943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Using Gum Arabic for Co-Microencapsulation of <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> L. and <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> Extracts as Encapsulating Agent and Release Studies.","authors":"Nabila Almayda, Masruri Masruri, Anna Safitri","doi":"10.1155/2024/9097238","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9097238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study used a combination of leaves extracts from <i>Ruellia tuberosa</i> L. and <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> plants encapsulated using gum Arabic. The selection of leaves in medicinal plants because they are rich in bioactive compounds that provide health benefits. The encapsulation technique was microencapsulation through freeze-drying, since the nanoencapsulation for the plant extracts is unlikely to be conducted due to their large particle sizes. The resulting microcapsules were then tested their biological activities <i>in vitro</i>. Several conditions affect microcapsules' production, including pH, gum Arabic concentration, and stirring time were assessed. The optimum conditions were chosen based on the highest encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that the optimum microcapsules preparation was achived at pH 5, gum Arabic concentration of 4% (w/v), and stirring time of 60 min with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.29%. The <i>in vitro</i> assays include inhibition of alpha-amylase and antioxidant activities, resulted in the respective IC₅₀ values of 54.74 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 152.74 <i>μ</i>g/mL. Releases of bioactive compounds from the microcapsules were investigated under pH 2.2 and pH 7.4 from 30 to 120 min. Results indicated a release of 43.10% at pH 2.2 and 42.26% at pH 7.4 during 120 min, demonstrating the controlled release behavior of the encapsulated bioactive compounds; nonetheless, their release behavior was not pH-dependent. This study confirms that microencapsulation has an important role in the development of plant extracts with maintained biological functions as well as maintaining their stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9097238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11142852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) and Drought: Current Situation and Perspectives.","authors":"Oladé Charles Sansan, Vincent Ezin, Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan, Ifagbémi Bienvenue Chabi, Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja, Aliou Saïdou, Adam Ahanchede","doi":"10.1155/2024/6853932","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6853932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onions (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) are the second most commonly produced and consumed vegetable worldwide due to their economic, nutritional, and medicinal benefits. However, drought hinders vegetative growth, lowers yields and bulb quality, reduces photosynthetic activity, and alters the onion plant's metabolism. This review provides a summary of global research on the impact of drought on onions. It specifically seeks to shed light on aspects that remain unclear and generate research avenues. Relevant scientific articles were sourced from the AGORA database, Web of Science (WoS), and search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and SCImago to achieve this objective. A total of 117 scientific articles and documents related to onion and drought were critically examined. The review revealed agromorphological, physiological, biochemical, and genomic studies depicting factors that contribute to drought tolerance in onion genotypes. However, there was little research on the physiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of drought tolerance in onions, which need to be deepened to establish its adaptation mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of onion response to water stress will contribute to fast-tracking the development of drought-tolerant genotypes and optimize onion production. Future research should be more focused on investigating onion drought tolerance mechanisms and structural and functional genomics and identifying genes responsible for onion drought tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6853932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm Activity of Curcumin and Piperine and Their Synergistic Effects with Antifungals against <i>Candida albicans</i> Clinical Isolates.","authors":"Ulrich Joël Tsopmene, Christian Ramsès Tokam Kuaté, Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo, Borel Ndezo Bisso, Anisel Metopa, Clautilde Teugwa Mofor, Jean Paul Dzoyem","doi":"10.1155/2024/2025557","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2025557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candidiasis is the common name for diseases caused by yeast of the genus <i>Candida</i>. <i>Candida albicans</i> is one of the most implicated species in superficial and invasive candidiasis. Antifungals, polyenes, and azoles have been used to treat candidiasis. However, due to the development of antifungal resistance, research of natural substances with potential antifungal effects at low concentrations or combined is also a possibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity. The biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate method. The antibiofilm activities were assessed using micro plaque tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). The combination effect of antifungal with natural substances was made using the checkerboard method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among our isolates, clotrimazole was the most resistant, but amphotericin B was the most effective antifungal. The biofilm was formed by all isolates of <i>C. albicans</i>. Curcumin and piperine displayed antibiofilm activity with minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum eradicating concentration (MBEC) ranging from 64 to 1024 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 256 to 2048 <i>μ</i>g/mL. In combination, piperine presented double synergistic effects compared to curcumin with all antifungals tested. Curcumin shows more synergistic effect when combined with polyenes than with azoles. However, piperine shows a more synergistic effect when combined with azoles compared to polyenes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>C. albicans</i> was susceptible to curcumin and piperine both on planktonic cells and biofilm. The combination of curcumin and piperine with antifungals has shown synergistic effects against multiresistant clinical isolates of <i>Candida albicans</i> representing an alternative drug research for the treatment of clinical candidiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2025557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Biofungicides as a Substitute for Chemical Fungicides in the Control of Phytopathogens: Current Perspectives and Research Directions.","authors":"Lamenew Fenta, Habtamu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1155/2024/5322696","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5322696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>These days, two important issues are causing concern in the global community: the alarmingly growing trend of the human population and the issue of food security. To this end, people around the world have been searching for solutions that could feed the needy in a sustainable way. In response to this urgent call, scientists from around the world started working on increasing crop production and productivity by controlling crop pathogens that could harm the productivity of crops. Synthetic fungicides have been in use for controlling crop diseases for several decades, but later, due to the evidenced side effects of the fungicides, there have been attempts to shift towards a less cost-effective and eco-friendly method of controlling crop diseases, and so far, many remarkable results have been achieved. However, due to the less effective and shorter shelf life of microbial biofungicides, as well as the less accessibility of these microbial biofungicides to growers around the world, it became difficult to remove the fungicides totally from the market. To minimize this problem, researchers suggested an integrated approach: the combination of microbial biofungicides with a reduced dose of synthetic fungicides. Hence, this review explored the status as well as the merits and demerits of microbial biofungicides as compared to synthetic fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5322696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10917481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}