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Seminars in liver disease最新文献

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Critical Care Management of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Certainties and Unknowns. 急性慢性肝衰竭的重症监护管理：确定与未知。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769907
Enric Reverter, David Toapanta, Octavi Bassegoda, Juliana Zapatero, Javier Fernandez
{"title":"Critical Care Management of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Certainties and Unknowns.","authors":"Enric Reverter, David Toapanta, Octavi Bassegoda, Juliana Zapatero, Javier Fernandez","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769907","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1769907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive care unit (ICU) admission is frequently required in patients with decompensated cirrhosis for organ support. This entity, known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), is associated with high short-term mortality. ICU management of ACLF is complex, as these patients are prone to develop new organ failures and infectious or bleeding complications. Poor nutritional status, lack of effective liver support systems, and shortage of liver donors are also factors that contribute to increase their mortality. ICU therapy parallels that applied in the general ICU population in some complications but has differential characteristics in others. This review describes the current knowledge on critical care management of patients with ACLF including organ support, prognostic assessment, early liver transplantation, and futility rules. Certainties and knowledge gaps in this area are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 2","pages":"206-217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hepatic Innervations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. 肝脏支配与非酒精性脂肪肝
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-57237
Monika Adori, Sadam Bhat, Roberto Gramignoli, Ismael Valladolid-Acebes, Tore Bengtsson, Mathias Uhlèn, Csaba Adori
{"title":"Hepatic Innervations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Monika Adori, Sadam Bhat, Roberto Gramignoli, Ismael Valladolid-Acebes, Tore Bengtsson, Mathias Uhlèn, Csaba Adori","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-57237","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-57237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. Increased sympathetic (noradrenergic) nerve tone has a complex role in the etiopathomechanism of NAFLD, affecting the development/progression of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and liver hemodynamical alterations. Also, lipid sensing by vagal afferent fibers is an important player in the development of hepatic steatosis. Moreover, disorganization and progressive degeneration of liver sympathetic nerves were recently described in human and experimental NAFLD. These structural alterations likely come along with impaired liver sympathetic nerve functionality and lack of adequate hepatic noradrenergic signaling. Here, we first overview the anatomy and physiology of liver nerves. Then, we discuss the nerve impairments in NAFLD and their pathophysiological consequences in hepatic metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and hemodynamics. We conclude that further studies considering the spatial-temporal dynamics of structural and functional changes in the hepatic nervous system may lead to more targeted pharmacotherapeutic advances in NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 2","pages":"149-162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/a6/10-1055-s-0043-57237.PMC10348844.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To TIPS or Not to TIPS in High Risk of Variceal Rebleeding and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. 静脉曲张再出血和急性慢性肝功能衰竭高风险人群的 TIPS 选择与否。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1055/a-2107-0576
Wenyi Gu, Markus Kimmann, Wim Laleman, Michael Praktiknjo, Jonel Trebicka
{"title":"To TIPS or Not to TIPS in High Risk of Variceal Rebleeding and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.","authors":"Wenyi Gu, Markus Kimmann, Wim Laleman, Michael Praktiknjo, Jonel Trebicka","doi":"10.1055/a-2107-0576","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2107-0576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variceal bleeding is a consequence of severe portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although the rate of bleeding has decreased over time, variceal bleeding in the presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) carries a high risk of treatment failure and short-term mortality. Treatment and/or removal of precipitating events (mainly bacterial infection and alcoholic hepatitis) and decrease of portal pressure may improve outcome of patients with acute decompensation or ACLF. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs), especially in the preemptive situation, have been found to efficiently control bleeding, prevent rebleeding, and reduce short-term mortality. Therefore, TIPS placement should be considered <i>as an option</i> in the management of ACLF patients with variceal bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 2","pages":"189-205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9867981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current Challenges and Future Direction in Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. 非酒精性脂肪肝患者肝细胞癌监测的当前挑战和未来方向
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-8540
George Cholankeril, Hashem El-Serag
{"title":"Current Challenges and Future Direction in Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"George Cholankeril,&nbsp;Hashem El-Serag","doi":"10.1055/a-1957-8540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1957-8540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The burden for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to grow in parallel with rising global trends in obesity. The risk of HCC is elevated among patients with NAFLD-related cirrhosis to a level that justifies surveillance based on cost-effectiveness argument. The quality of current evidence for HCC surveillance in all patients with chronic liver disease is poor, and even lower in those with NAFLD. For a lack of more precise risk-stratification tools, current approaches to defining a target population in noncirrhotic NAFLD are limited to noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis, as a proxy for liver-related morbidity and mortality. Beyond etiology and severity of liver disease, traditional and metabolic risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, older age, male gender and tobacco smoking, are not enough for HCC risk stratification for surveillance efficacy and effectiveness in NAFLD. There is an association between molecular and genetic factors and HCC risk in NAFLD, and risk models integrating both clinical and genetic factors will be key to personalizing HCC risk. In this review, we discuss concerns regarding defining a target population, surveillance test accuracy, surveillance underuse, and other cost-effective considerations for HCC surveillance in individuals with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9161175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Changing Epidemiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Gender, Race, and Risk Factors. 酒精相关肝病的流行病学变化:性别、种族和危险因素
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-2000-6680
Ahmad Anouti, Jessica Leigh Mellinger
{"title":"The Changing Epidemiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Gender, Race, and Risk Factors.","authors":"Ahmad Anouti,&nbsp;Jessica Leigh Mellinger","doi":"10.1055/a-2000-6680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2000-6680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cases of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are increasing at a steady rate in the United States with more patients presenting with alcohol-associated hepatitis and alcohol-associated cirrhosis. While alcohol use has increased across many demographic groups, women are suffering from a greater increase in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and are at a greater risk of ALD due to pathophysiological differences which include absorption of alcohol, first pass metabolism, and hormonal differences. Differences across race have also been found with Native Americans and Hispanics suffering from some of the largest increases in ALD rates. Younger adults are heavily impacted by rising rates of both AUD and ALD. Comorbidities such as obesity and NASH have been shown to augment the deleterious effects of AUD and ALD, resulting in more advanced liver disease. Finally, COVID-19 and policies related to the pandemic have resulted in increased AUD across many cohorts, which have resulted in marked increases in ALD. In conclusion, ALD rates are rising, with young people and women particularly impacted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9531584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Recent Advances in Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Heterogeneity. 肝内胆道上皮异质性研究进展。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758833
Ashleigh Little, Abigail Medford, April O'Brien, Jonathan Childs, Sharon Pan, Jolaine Machado, Sanjukta Chakraborty, Shannon Glaser
{"title":"Recent Advances in Intrahepatic Biliary Epithelial Heterogeneity.","authors":"Ashleigh Little,&nbsp;Abigail Medford,&nbsp;April O'Brien,&nbsp;Jonathan Childs,&nbsp;Sharon Pan,&nbsp;Jolaine Machado,&nbsp;Sanjukta Chakraborty,&nbsp;Shannon Glaser","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biliary epithelium (i.e., cholangiocytes) is a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells in the liver, which line small and large bile ducts and have individual responses and functions dependent on size and location in the biliary tract. We discuss the recent findings showing that the intrahepatic biliary tree is heterogeneous regarding (1) morphology and function, (2) hormone expression and signaling (3), response to injury, and (4) roles in liver regeneration. This review overviews the significant characteristics and differences of the small and large cholangiocytes. Briefly, it outlines the in vitro and in vivo models used in the heterogeneity evaluation. In conclusion, future studies addressing biliary heterogeneity's role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases characterized by ductular reaction may reveal novel therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9156506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Update on Hepatobiliary Plasticity. 肝胆可塑性的最新进展。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760306
Minwook Kim, Fatima Rizvi, Donghun Shin, Valerie Gouon-Evans
{"title":"Update on Hepatobiliary Plasticity.","authors":"Minwook Kim, Fatima Rizvi, Donghun Shin, Valerie Gouon-Evans","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760306","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-1760306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The liver field has been debating for decades the contribution of the plasticity of the two epithelial compartments in the liver, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), to derive each other as a repair mechanism. The hepatobiliary plasticity has been first observed in diseased human livers by the presence of biphenotypic cells expressing hepatocyte and BEC markers within bile ducts and regenerative nodules or budding from strings of proliferative BECs in septa. These observations are not surprising as hepatocytes and BECs derive from a common fetal progenitor, the hepatoblast, and, as such, they are expected to compensate for each other's loss in adults. To investigate the cell origin of regenerated cell compartments and associated molecular mechanisms, numerous murine and zebrafish models with ability to trace cell fates have been extensively developed. This short review summarizes the clinical and preclinical studies illustrating the hepatobiliary plasticity and its potential therapeutic application.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/49/10-1055-s-0042-1760306.PMC10005859.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9164061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cirrhosis Management in the Intensive Care Unit. 重症监护病房的肝硬化管理。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-2015-1290
Thomas N Smith, Alice Gallo de Moraes, Douglas A Simonetto
{"title":"Cirrhosis Management in the Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Thomas N Smith,&nbsp;Alice Gallo de Moraes,&nbsp;Douglas A Simonetto","doi":"10.1055/a-2015-1290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2015-1290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with cirrhosis frequently require admission to the intensive care unit as complications arise in the course of their disease. These admissions are associated with high short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding and characterizing complications and unique needs of patients with cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure helps providers identify appropriate level of care and evidence-based treatments. While there is no widely accepted critical care admission criteria for patients with cirrhosis, the presence of organ failure and primary or nosocomial infections are associated with particularly high in-hospital mortality. Optimal management of patients with cirrhosis in the critical care setting requires a system-based approach that acknowledges deviations from canonical pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss appropriate considerations and evidence-based practices for the general care of patients with cirrhosis and critical illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"117-132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9217691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration. 非酒精性脂肪性肝病与神经变性之间的新联系
IF 3.7 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1762585
Taylor J Kelty, Ryan J Dashek, W David Arnold, R Scott Rector
{"title":"Emerging Links between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Taylor J Kelty, Ryan J Dashek, W David Arnold, R Scott Rector","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1762585","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1762585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between liver and brain health has gained attention as biomarkers of liver function have been revealed to predict neurodegeneration. The liver is a central regulator in metabolic homeostasis. However, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), homeostasis is disrupted which can result in extrahepatic organ pathologies. Emerging literature provides insight into the mechanisms behind the liver-brain health axis. These include the increased production of liver-derived factors that promote insulin resistance and loss of neuroprotective factors under conditions of NAFLD that increase insulin resistance in the central nervous system. In addition, elevated proinflammatory cytokines linked to NAFLD negatively impact the blood-brain barrier and increase neuroinflammation. Furthermore, exacerbated dyslipidemia associated with NAFLD and hepatic dysfunction can promote altered brain bioenergetics and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and brain as it relates to the pathophysiology between NAFLD and neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future areas for investigation to strengthen the potential link between NAFLD and neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"43 1","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9157536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies for the Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. 治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的新型内镜减重疗法
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-6285
Khushboo Gala, Farah Abdul Razzak, Babusai Rapaka, Barham K Abu Dayyeh
{"title":"Novel Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies for the Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.","authors":"Khushboo Gala,&nbsp;Farah Abdul Razzak,&nbsp;Babusai Rapaka,&nbsp;Barham K Abu Dayyeh","doi":"10.1055/a-1946-6285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1946-6285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as advanced forms of the disease such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. While lifestyle and diet modifications have been the cornerstone of treatment for NASH thus far, they are only effective for less than half of the patients. New endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBTs) have already proved to be safe and effective for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and may provide an intermediate, less invasive, cost-effective option for patients with NASH. In this review, we aim to describe the data and evidence as well as outline future areas of development for endobariatric therapies for the treatment of NASH. In conclusion, EBTs present an effective and safe therapeutic modality for use in the growing pandemic of obesity-related liver disease and should be investigated further with large-scale trials in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 4","pages":"446-454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10336329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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