Seminars in liver disease最新文献

MetALD: genetic factors and clinical outcomes. MetALD：遗传因素与临床结果。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1055/a-2630-0952

Mads Israelsen, Eric Trépo, Aleksander Krag, Stefan Stender

引用次数: 0

Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. 原发性硬化性胆管炎治疗的新靶点。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1055/a-2601-9426

Elisabeth Tatscher, Samy Mady, Peter Fickert

{"title":"Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.","authors":"Elisabeth Tatscher, Samy Mady, Peter Fickert","doi":"10.1055/a-2601-9426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2601-9426","url":null,"abstract":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, progressive cholestatic disease of unknown etiology and characterized by inflammation and stricturing of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. This process leads to bile duct scarring, progressive liver fibrosis, and end-stage liver disease. PSC is often associated with a specific form of inflammatory bowel disease and patients face a significant risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. The clinical course of PSC can differ significantly between subtypes and affected individuals, representing a major obstacle to successful medical treatment trials. Numerous innovative therapeutic targets have been identified and, at least in part, explored, including nuclear and membrane receptors regulating bile acid metabolism and transport, modulation of gut microbiota, and signaling molecules involved in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Successful drug testing in preclinical PSC models as well as positive signals from some clinical studies justify hope. However, no medical treatment has so far been proven to improve transplant-free survival or overall survival in PSC patients. Disease-modifying drugs are urgently awaited. Despite ongoing efforts to improve study designs and implement treatment trials for novel drug targets, a central breakthrough has not yet been convincingly achieved. This situation might change in the near future. This article summarizes current research efforts aimed at developing medical treatments for PSC.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal Microbes, Metabolites, and Hormones in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. 酒精相关肝病中的肠道微生物、代谢物和激素

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1055/a-2601-9480

Ruimeng Wang, Fang Ma, Dou Yin, Hua Wang, Xiaohui Wei

{"title":"Intestinal Microbes, Metabolites, and Hormones in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.","authors":"Ruimeng Wang, Fang Ma, Dou Yin, Hua Wang, Xiaohui Wei","doi":"10.1055/a-2601-9480","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2601-9480","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD)-encompassing conditions including steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma-refers to hepatic damage arising from excessive or hazardous alcohol consumption, and is now recognized as a significant global health burden. Although the mechanisms underlying ALD remain incompletely understood, several pathways have been substantiated over the last five decades, notably the involvement of intestinal microorganisms and the involvement of the gut-liver axis in alcohol metabolism and ALD pathogenesis. Ethanol intake disrupts the intestinal microbial balance and compromises the gut barrier, resulting in increased permeability to microbial products. The subsequent translocation of microbial metabolites and other antigenic substances to the liver activates hepatic immune responses, thereby contributing to liver injury. In addition, gastrointestinal hormones are also implicated in ALD progression through various mechanisms. Although no therapies for ALD have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, various therapeutic strategies targeting the intestinal microbiota and gut barrier have been identified. In conclusion, this review discusses the role of the gut-liver axis in alcohol metabolism and ALD pathogenesis and explores the emerging therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Big Data Analytics in Large Cohorts: Opportunities and Challenges for Research in Hepatology. 大队列大数据分析：肝病学研究的机遇与挑战。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1055/a-2599-3728

Helen Ye Rim Huang, Kai Markus Schneider, Carolin Schneider

引用次数: 0

IgG4-Related Cholangitis. IgG4-Related胆管炎。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1055/a-2588-3875

Ulrich Beuers, David C Trampert

{"title":"IgG4-Related Cholangitis.","authors":"Ulrich Beuers, David C Trampert","doi":"10.1055/a-2588-3875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2588-3875","url":null,"abstract":"IgG4-related cholangitis (IRC) is a rare fibroinflammatory disease of the biliary tree and liver and presents the major hepatobiliary manifestation of IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RD). IRC also includes the IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and IgG4-related cholecystitis. IRC mimics other cholangiopathies such as primary sclerosing cholangitis or cholangiocarcinoma. IRC may be found in 30 to 60% of cases with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis, the most frequent manifestation of IgG4-RD. The pathogenesis of IRC (and IgG4-RD) is incompletely understood. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, oligoclonal glucocorticosteroid-sensitive expansion of IgG4+ B cells/plasmablasts in blood and affected tissue and blocking autoantibody formation against protective IgG4-specific autoantigens such as annexin A11 and laminin 511-E8 with impaired protection of biliary epithelia against toxic bile acids have been described in IRC. Specific T cell subtypes are involved in the inflammatory process. The diagnosis of IRC is made according to HISORt criteria comprising histopathology, imaging, serology, other organ manifestations, and response to therapy. Treatment of IRC aiming to prevent organ failure and improve symptoms includes remission induction with highly effective glucocorticosteroids and long-term maintenance of remission with immunomodulators such as glucocorticosteroid sparing additives or B cell depleting approaches.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding and Treating Hepatorenal Syndrome: Insights from Recent Research. 理解和治疗肝肾综合征：来自最近研究的见解。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1055/a-2570-3330

Yuli Song, Xiaochen Yang, Chengbo Yu

{"title":"Understanding and Treating Hepatorenal Syndrome: Insights from Recent Research.","authors":"Yuli Song, Xiaochen Yang, Chengbo Yu","doi":"10.1055/a-2570-3330","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2570-3330","url":null,"abstract":"Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical and often fatal complication in decompensated cirrhosis, significantly affecting inpatient survival rates. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a distinct subtype of AKI, develops in individuals with advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension. It is marked by progressive kidney dysfunction, poor prognosis, and frequently causes death before liver transplantation. The pathogenesis of HRS involves vasodilation of the splanchnic vessels, leading to overactivation of the endogenous vasoactive systems, circulatory dysfunction, and reduced renal perfusion, which ultimately impairs glomerular filtration. Recent studies have highlighted the role of systemic inflammation in exacerbating renal damage. Despite these changes, renal histology in HRS usually shows no significant abnormalities, and there is typically no hematuria, proteinuria, or abnormal findings on ultrasound. Common risk factors for HRS include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, infections, and large-volume paracentesis without albumin infusion. Diagnosing HRS is challenging, particularly in distinguishing it from acute tubular necrosis, due to the absence of specific biomarkers. Treatment primarily involves vasoconstrictors such as terlipressin and albumin, with liver transplantation being the definitive therapeutic option. This review provides an updated understanding of HRS, addressing its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and future challenges, based on recent expert consensus.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ways to Die: Cell Death in Liver Pathophysiology. 死亡方式：肝脏病理生理中的细胞死亡。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1055/a-2576-4332

Peng Cao, Hartmut Jaeschke, Hong-Min Ni, Wen-Xing Ding

引用次数: 0

Primary Cilia in Hepatic Biliary Hyperplasia: Implications for Liver Diseases. 原发性纤毛在肝胆道增生：肝脏疾病的意义。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1055/a-2563-9791

Kishor Pant, Estanislao Peixoto, Sergio A Gradilone

{"title":"Primary Cilia in Hepatic Biliary Hyperplasia: Implications for Liver Diseases.","authors":"Kishor Pant, Estanislao Peixoto, Sergio A Gradilone","doi":"10.1055/a-2563-9791","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2563-9791","url":null,"abstract":"Primary cilia, hair-like projections on the surface of various cell types, play crucial roles in sensing and regulating environmental cues within the liver, particularly among cholangiocytes. These structures detect changes in bile composition, flow, and other biochemical signals, integrating this information to modulate cellular processes. Dysfunction in cholangiocyte cilia-whether due to structural abnormalities or genetic mutations-has been linked to an array of cholangiopathies and ciliopathies. These include conditions such as biliary atresia, cholangiocarcinoma, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and polycystic liver diseases, each with distinct clinical phenotypes influenced by impaired ciliary function. Given the complexity of the ciliary proteome and its role in cellular signaling, including the Hedgehog, Wnt, and TGR5 pathways, ciliary dysfunction disrupts essential signaling cascades, thus driving disease progression. While over 40 gene mutations are associated with ciliopathic features, there may be additional contributors within the expansive ciliary proteome. This study synthesizes current knowledge on cholangiocyte cilia, emphasizing their mechanistic role in liver disease, and highlights emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ciliary function. In conclusion, ciliotherapies are proposed as a promising approach for addressing cholangiopathies, with the potential to shift the current therapeutic landscape.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Liver Neurobiology: Regulation of Liver Functions by the Nervous System. 肝脏神经生物学：神经系统对肝功能的调节。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1055/a-2562-2000

Boris Mravec, Maria Szantova

引用次数: 0

The Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia/Frailty in Cirrhosis. 肝硬化中肌肉减少/虚弱的分子发病机制。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1055/a-2564-7551

Huanli Jiao, Han Wang, Jia Li, Ziyi Yang, Chao Sun

{"title":"The Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia/Frailty in Cirrhosis.","authors":"Huanli Jiao, Han Wang, Jia Li, Ziyi Yang, Chao Sun","doi":"10.1055/a-2564-7551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2564-7551","url":null,"abstract":"Cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and death in patients with chronic liver disease. It can be divided into compensatory and decompensated stages. During the decompensation period, complications such as esophageal and gastric varices hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, infection, and hepatorenal syndrome are often incurred, which has a high mortality rate and leverages huge economic burden on society, healthcare resources, and individuals. Sarcopenia and frailty are common in patients with cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia and frailty in the context of cirrhosis is complicated and multifactorial, including overwhelming systemic inflammation, imbalance of muscle protein metabolism, malnutrition, endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions, intestinal microecological disorders, lack of physical exercise, and other aspects. Notably, accumulating evidence implicates that many patients experience sarcopenia/frailty even before the onset of liver cirrhosis. In this regard, the magnitude of liver fibrosis is closely linked to the progression of sarcopenia with reciprocal impact. In conclusion, this review article will shed light on the pathogenesis of cirrhosis complicated with sarcopenia/frailty, aimed at facilitating early diagnosis and effective management.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0