Seminars in liver disease最新文献

Role of the Gut Microbiome in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. 肠道微生物组在代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝中的作用

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2438-4383

Salim Maher, Jayashi Rajapakse, Emad El-Omar, Amany Zekry

引用次数: 0

HBV Biomarkers and Their Role in Guiding Treatment Decisions. HBV 生物标志物及其在指导治疗决策中的作用。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1055/a-2448-4157

Lung-Yi Mak, Tobias Boettler, Upkar S Gill

{"title":"HBV Biomarkers and Their Role in Guiding Treatment Decisions.","authors":"Lung-Yi Mak, Tobias Boettler, Upkar S Gill","doi":"10.1055/a-2448-4157","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2448-4157","url":null,"abstract":"Over 300 million individuals worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at risk for progressive liver disease. Due to the lack of a therapy that reliably achieves viral elimination and the variability of liver disease progression, treatment decisions are guided by the degree of liver disease and viral biomarkers as the viral life-cycle is well characterized and largely conserved between individuals. In contrast, the immunological landscape is much more heterogeneous and diverse and the measurement of its components is less well standardized. Due to the lack of a universal and easily measurable set of biomarkers, clinical practice guidelines remain controversial, aiming for a balance between simplifying treatment decisions by reducing biomarker requirements and using all available biomarkers to avoid overtreatment of patients with low risk for disease progression. While approved therapies such as nucleos(t)ide analogs improve patient outcomes, the inability to achieve a complete cure highlights the need for novel therapies. Since no treatment candidate has demonstrated universal efficacy, biomarkers will remain important for treatment stratification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on virological and immunological biomarkers with a specific focus on how they might be beneficial in guiding treatment decisions in chronic hepatitis B.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing Multiorgan Failure in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure. 处理急性慢性肝功能衰竭 (ACLF) 的多器官功能衰竭。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1055/a-2448-0664

Enrico Pompili, Giulia Iannone, Daniele Carrello, Giacomo Zaccherini, Maurizio Baldassarre, Paolo Caraceni

引用次数: 0

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. 代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝的患者报告结果

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1055/a-2435-2091

Aurora Barberá, Trenton M White, Anish K Arora, Linda Henry, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Zobair M Younossi

引用次数: 0

Advancements in MELD score and its impact in Hepatology. MELD 评分的进展及其对肝病学的影响。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1055/a-2464-9543

David Hudson, Francisco Javier Valentin Cortez, Ivonne Hurtado Diaz de Leon, Gurpreet Malhi, Angelica Rivas, Tamoor Afzaal, Mahsa Rahmany Rad, Luis Antonio Diaz, Mohammad Qasim Khan, Juan Pablo Arab

{"title":"Advancements in MELD score and its impact in Hepatology.","authors":"David Hudson, Francisco Javier Valentin Cortez, Ivonne Hurtado Diaz de Leon, Gurpreet Malhi, Angelica Rivas, Tamoor Afzaal, Mahsa Rahmany Rad, Luis Antonio Diaz, Mohammad Qasim Khan, Juan Pablo Arab","doi":"10.1055/a-2464-9543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2464-9543","url":null,"abstract":"There continues to be an ongoing need for fair and equitable organ allocation. The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has evolved as a calculated framework to evaluate and allocate patients for liver transplantation objectively. The original MELD score has undergone multiple modifications as it is continuously scrutinized for its accuracy in objectively representing the clinical context of patients with liver disease. Several refinements and iterations of the score have been developed, including the widely accepted MELD-Na score. In addition, the most recent updated iteration, MELD 3.0, has been created. The MELD 3.0 calculator incorporates new variables such as patient sex and serum albumin levels and assigns new weights for serum sodium, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine levels. It is anticipated that the use of MELD 3.0 scores will reduce overall waitlist mortality and enhance access for female liver transplant candidates. However, despite the emergence of the MELD score as one of the most objective measures for fair organ allocation, various countries and healthcare systems employ alternative methods for stratification and organ allocation. This review article highlights the origins of the MELD score, its iterations, the current MELD 3.0, and future directions for managing liver transplantation organ allocation.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wilson disease: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. 威尔逊病：新的诊断和治疗方法。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1055/a-2460-8999

Zoe Mariño, Michael Schilsky

引用次数: 0

Mitochondria and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Pathogenic Role and Target for Therapy. 线粒体和 ALD：致病作用和治疗目标。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1055/a-2421-5658

Sandra Torres, Josiah Hardesty, Monica Barrios, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Jose C Fernandez-Checa, Ashwani K Singal

{"title":"Mitochondria and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Pathogenic Role and Target for Therapy.","authors":"Sandra Torres, Josiah Hardesty, Monica Barrios, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Jose C Fernandez-Checa, Ashwani K Singal","doi":"10.1055/a-2421-5658","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2421-5658","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and a major cause of liver-related death. ALD is a multifactorial disease triggered by the oxidative metabolism of alcohol which leads to the activation of multiple factors that promote the progression from steatosis to more advanced stages like alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (AH) that culminate in alcohol-associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Poor understanding of the complex heterogeneous pathology of ALD has limited drug development for this disease. Alterations in mitochondrial performance are considered a crucial event in paving the progression of ALD due to the crucial role of mitochondria in energy production, intermediate metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and cell fate decisions. Therefore, understanding the role of mitochondria in eliciting steatosis and progression toward AH may open the door to new opportunities for treatment. In this review, we will cover the physiological function of mitochondria, its contribution to ALD in experimental models and human disease, and explore whether targeting mitochondria may represent a game changer in the treatment of ALD.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142353362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceuticals against Drug-Induced Liver Injury. 营养保健品对药物引起的肝损伤的治疗潜力。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791559

Namya Sethi, Manoj Khokhar, Mitali Mathur, Yashi Batra, Amal Mohandas, Sojit Tomo, Mahadev Rao, Mithu Banerjee

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceuticals against Drug-Induced Liver Injury.","authors":"Namya Sethi, Manoj Khokhar, Mitali Mathur, Yashi Batra, Amal Mohandas, Sojit Tomo, Mahadev Rao, Mithu Banerjee","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1791559","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to be a major concern in clinical practice, thus necessitating a need for novel therapeutic approaches to alleviate its impact on hepatic function. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals against DILI, focusing on examining the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways. In preclinical and clinical studies, nutraceuticals, such as silymarin, curcumin, and N-acetylcysteine, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in attenuating liver injury induced by diverse pharmaceutical agents. The molecular mechanisms underlying these hepatoprotective effects involve modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, this review examines cellular routes affected by these nutritional components focusing on their influence on hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells. Key evidence highlights that autophagy modulation as well as unfolded protein response are essential cellular processes through which nutraceuticals exert their cytoprotective functions. In conclusion, nutraceuticals are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for mitigating DILI, by targeting different molecular pathways along with cell processes involved in it concurrently.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of Portal vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis. 肝硬化门静脉血栓的处理。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791247

Babu Lal Meena, Shiv Kumar Sarin

{"title":"Management of Portal vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis.","authors":"Babu Lal Meena, Shiv Kumar Sarin","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791247","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1791247","url":null,"abstract":"Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the common complications of cirrhosis. The incidence of PVT correlates with liver disease severity-higher incidence in patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) C, large spontaneous portosystemic shunts, hepatofugal portal flow, and in the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. PVT may worsen ascites, increase the risk and poor control of variceal bleeding. The occurrence of PVT may increase morbidity and lower survival after a liver transplant. Using statins prevents the occurrence of PVT, whereas beta-blockers may aggravate its occurrence. Cross-sectional imaging is mandatory for the precise diagnosis and classification of PVT. Symptomatic, occlusive PVT and candidacy for liver transplantation are the main indications for anticoagulation. Vitamin K antagonists, low-molecular-weight heparin, and newer anticoagulants are effective and safe in cirrhosis. Direct-acting oral anticoagulants are agents of choice in early cirrhosis (CTP A, B). The duration of anticoagulant therapy, predictors of response, and management of complications of cirrhosis while on therapy require in-depth knowledge and individualized treatment. Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt can be considered in nonresponsive cases or when anticoagulants are contraindicated. This manuscript reviews the latest updated knowledge about managing PVT in cirrhosis.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mice Engrafted with Human Liver Cells 移植人肝细胞的小鼠

IF 4.2 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1790601

Ype P. de Jong

{"title":"Mice Engrafted with Human Liver Cells","authors":"Ype P. de Jong","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1790601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1790601","url":null,"abstract":"Rodents are commonly employed to model human liver conditions, although species differences can restrict their translational relevance. To overcome some of these limitations, researchers have long pursued human hepatocyte transplantation into rodents. More than 20 years ago, the first primary human hepatocyte transplantations into immunodeficient mice with liver injury were able to support hepatitis B and C virus infections, as these viruses cannot replicate in murine hepatocytes. Since then, hepatocyte chimeric mouse models have transitioned into mainstream preclinical research and are now employed in a diverse array of liver conditions beyond viral hepatitis, including malaria, drug metabolism, liver-targeting gene therapy, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, lipoprotein and bile acid biology, and others. Concurrently, endeavors to cotransplant other cell types and humanize immune and other nonparenchymal compartments have seen growing success. Looking ahead, several challenges remain. These include enhancing immune functionality in mice doubly humanized with hepatocytes and immune systems, efficiently creating mice with genetically altered grafts and reliably humanizing chimeric mice with renewable cell sources such as patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. In conclusion, hepatocyte chimeric mice have evolved into vital preclinical models that address many limitations of traditional rodent models. Continued improvements may further expand their applications. ","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0