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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Global Burden. 非酒精性脂肪性肝病:当前全球负担
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1055/a-1862-9088
M. El‐Kassas, J. Cabezas, P. Iruzubieta, M. Zheng, J. Arab, A. Awad
{"title":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Global Burden.","authors":"M. El‐Kassas, J. Cabezas, P. Iruzubieta, M. Zheng, J. Arab, A. Awad","doi":"10.1055/a-1862-9088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1862-9088","url":null,"abstract":"The map and global disease burden of chronic liver diseases are markedly changing, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most common cause of liver affection coinciding with the current epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Understanding the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD is critical because of its linkage to a significant economic burden of hospitalization and changing patterns in consequences such as liver transplantation. Moreover, the long-term average healthcare expenses of NAFLD patients have exceeded those of other liver diseases. To lessen the imminent burden of NAFLD, immediate actions to raise worldwide awareness and address metabolic risk factors are required. This review summarizes key data about the global disease burden of NAFLD, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and current preventive approaches.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87663175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
A Global Systematic Review of Hepatitis C Elimination Efforts through Micro-Elimination. 通过微消除消除丙型肝炎努力的全球系统综述。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-1777-6112
Jeffrey V Lazarus, Camila A Picchio, Christopher J Byrne, Javier Crespo, Massimo Colombo, Graham S Cooke, Gregory J Dore, Jason Grebely, John W Ward, John F Dillon
{"title":"A Global Systematic Review of Hepatitis C Elimination Efforts through Micro-Elimination.","authors":"Jeffrey V Lazarus,&nbsp;Camila A Picchio,&nbsp;Christopher J Byrne,&nbsp;Javier Crespo,&nbsp;Massimo Colombo,&nbsp;Graham S Cooke,&nbsp;Gregory J Dore,&nbsp;Jason Grebely,&nbsp;John W Ward,&nbsp;John F Dillon","doi":"10.1055/a-1777-6112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1777-6112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microelimination targets specific subpopulations and/or geographic settings for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This review reports on global HCV microelimination literature published from 2013 to 2020. Data were extracted from publications to report a score based on the four key components defining microelimination. Sustained virologic response (SVR) and treatment initiation proportions were calculated for each manuscript and grouped means of these estimates were compared depending on microelimination score and care setting. A total of 83% of the studies were from high-income settings and mainly included people who use drugs or those incarcerated. Among manuscripts, 18 had \"low\" microelimination scores, 11 had \"high\" scores, and the differences in mean proportion who initiated treatment and achieved SVR between low and high score groups were statistically significant. Microelimination can be a useful complementary strategy for driving engagement in HCV treatment and cure. Our analysis suggests that adhering to more of the core microelimination components can improve outcomes. This study is registered with Prospero, registration identification: CRD42020175211.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 2","pages":"159-172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10265001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Circadian Regulation of Gene Expression and Metabolism in the Liver. 肝脏基因表达和代谢的昼夜节律调节。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/a-1792-4240
Dongyin Guan, Mitchell A Lazar
{"title":"Circadian Regulation of Gene Expression and Metabolism in the Liver.","authors":"Dongyin Guan,&nbsp;Mitchell A Lazar","doi":"10.1055/a-1792-4240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1792-4240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-hour cycles of variation in physiological processes, gene expression, and behavior. They result from the interplay of internal biological clocks with daily environmental rhythms, including light/dark and feeding/fasting. Note that 24-hour rhythms of liver metabolic processes have been known for almost 100 years. Modern studies reveal that, like metabolism, hepatic gene expression is highly rhythmic. Genetic or environmental changes can disrupt the circadian rhythms of the liver, leading to metabolic disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms regulating rhythmic gene expression in the liver, highlighting the roles of transcription factors that comprise the core clock molecular as well as noncanonical regulators. We emphasize the plasticity of circadian rhythms in the liver as it responds to multiple inputs from the external and internal environments as well as the potential of circadian medicine to impact liver-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 2","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9806798/pdf/nihms-1853541.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids. 脂肪性肝病中的肠屏障功能障碍:微生物群、粘膜免疫系统和胆汁酸的作用。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748037
Biki Gupta, Ravi Rai, Michael Oertel, Reben Raeman
{"title":"Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids.","authors":"Biki Gupta,&nbsp;Ravi Rai,&nbsp;Michael Oertel,&nbsp;Reben Raeman","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1748037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of progressive liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Globally, NAFLD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease, and NAFLD patients are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While there is a consensus that inflammation plays a key role in promoting NAFLD progression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggest that increased hepatic translocation of gut microbial antigens, secondary to diet-induced impairment of the intestinal barrier may be important in driving hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. Here, we briefly review various endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intestinal barrier and present recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 2","pages":"122-137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9307091/pdf/nihms-1824311.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9700554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Surrogate markers for hepatitis B Virus covalently closed circular DNA. 乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA的替代标记物。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1055/a-1830-2741
T. Tu, Florian van Boemmel, T. Berg
{"title":"Surrogate markers for hepatitis B Virus covalently closed circular DNA.","authors":"T. Tu, Florian van Boemmel, T. Berg","doi":"10.1055/a-1830-2741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1830-2741","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. Chronic HBV infection is currently incurable because of the persistence of the viral template for the viral transcripts, covalently closed circular (cccDNA). Detecting changes in cccDNA transcriptional activity is key to understanding fundamental virology, determining the efficacy of new therapies, and deciding the optimal clinical management of HBV patients. In this review, we summarize surrogate circulating biomarkers that have been used to infer cccDNA levels and activity in people with chronic hepatitis B. Moreover, we outline the current shortcomings of the current biomarkers and highlight the clinical importance in improving them and expanding their use.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77328799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Treating Alcohol Use Disorder in Patients with Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. 酒精相关性肝病患者酒精使用障碍的治疗
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1055/a-1798-2872
C. Tarli, A. Mirijello, G. Addolorato
{"title":"Treating Alcohol Use Disorder in Patients with Alcohol Associated Liver Disease.","authors":"C. Tarli, A. Mirijello, G. Addolorato","doi":"10.1055/a-1798-2872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1798-2872","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the main causes of global death and disability. The liver represents the main target of alcohol damage and alcohol associated liver disease (ALD) represents the first cause of liver cirrhosis in Western Countries. Alcohol abstinence is the main goal of treatment in AUD patients with ALD, because treatments for ALD are less effective when drinking continues. Moreover, the persistence of alcohol consumption is associated with higher mortality, increased need for liver transplantation and graft loss. The most effective treatment for AUD is the combination of psychosocial interventions, pharmacological therapy and medical management. However, the effectiveness of these treatments in patients with ALD are doubtful even because AUD patients with ALD are usually excluded from pharmacological trials due to concerns on liver safety. This narrative review will discuss the treatment options for AUD-ALD patients focusing on controversies in pharmacological therapy.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81826828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Liver Immunology, Immunotherapy, and Liver Cancers: Time for a Rethink? 肝脏免疫学、免疫治疗和肝癌:是时候重新思考了?
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744143
H. Carroll, A. Duffy, C. O’Farrelly
{"title":"Liver Immunology, Immunotherapy, and Liver Cancers: Time for a Rethink?","authors":"H. Carroll, A. Duffy, C. O’Farrelly","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744143","url":null,"abstract":"The complex immune system of the liver has a major role in tumor surveillance, but also partly explains why current immune therapies are poorly effective against liver cancers. Known primarily for its tolerogenic capacity, the hepatic immune repertoire also comprises diverse populations of armored immune cells with tumor surveillant roles. In healthy people, these work together to successfully identify malignant cells and prevent their proliferation, thus halting tumor formation. When frontline hepatic immune surveillance systems fail, compromised hepatic immunity, driven by obesity, infection, or other pathological factors, allows primary or secondary liver cancers to develop. Tumor growth promotes the normal tolerogenic immunological milieu of the liver, perhaps explaining why current immunotherapies fail to work. This review explores the complex local liver immune system with the hope of identifying potential therapeutic targets needed to best overcome immunological barriers in the liver to create an environment no longer hostile to immunotherapy for the treatment of liver cancer.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Post-Transplant Biliary Strictures: An Updated Review. 移植后胆道狭窄:最新综述。
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744144
Matthew Fasullo, T. Shah, Huiping Zhou, M. Siddiqui
{"title":"Post-Transplant Biliary Strictures: An Updated Review.","authors":"Matthew Fasullo, T. Shah, Huiping Zhou, M. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744144","url":null,"abstract":"Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy in patients with end-stage liver disease with excellent long-term survival; however, LT recipients are at risk of significant complications. Among these complications are biliary complications with an incidence ranging from 5 to 32% and associated with significant post-LT morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and management are critical as these complications have been associated with mortality rates up to 19% and retransplantation rates up to 13%. An important limitation of published studies is that a large proportion does not discriminate between anastomotic strictures and nonanastomotic strictures. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of risk factors and natural history, diagnostic testing, and treatment options for post-LT biliary strictures.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77347728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Role of Lipogenesis Rewiring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 肝细胞癌中脂肪生成重接线的作用
IF 4.3 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731709
Yi Zhou, Junyan Tao, Diego F Calvisi, Xin Chen
{"title":"Role of Lipogenesis Rewiring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Yi Zhou, Junyan Tao, Diego F Calvisi, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731709","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0041-1731709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic rewiring is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Altered de novo lipogenesis is one of the pivotal metabolic events deregulated in cancers. Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) controls the transcription of major enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, including ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD. Studies have shown the increased de novo lipogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. Multiple mechanisms, such as activation of the AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, lead to high SREBP1 induction and the coordinated enhanced expression of <i>ACLY</i>, <i>ACACA</i>, <i>FASN,</i> and <i>SCD</i> genes. Subsequent functional analyses have unraveled these enzymes' critical role(s) and the related de novo lipogenesis in hepatocarcinogenesis. Importantly, targeting these molecules might be a promising strategy for HCC treatment. This paper comprehensively summarizes de novo lipogenesis rewiring in HCC and how this pathway might be therapeutically targeted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 1","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8789945/pdf/nihms-1745459.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10595624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of YAP1 Signaling in Biliary Development, Repair, and Disease. YAP1信号在胆道发育、修复和疾病中的作用
IF 4.2 3区 医学
Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742277
Laura Molina, Kari Nejak-Bowen, Satdarshan P Monga
{"title":"Role of YAP1 Signaling in Biliary Development, Repair, and Disease.","authors":"Laura Molina,&nbsp;Kari Nejak-Bowen,&nbsp;Satdarshan P Monga","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1742277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a transcriptional coactivator that activates transcriptional enhanced associate domain transcription factors upon inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway, to regulate biological processes like proliferation, survival, and differentiation. YAP1 is most prominently expressed in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in normal adult livers and during development. In the current review, we will discuss the multiple roles of YAP1 in the development and morphogenesis of bile ducts inside and outside the liver, as well as in orchestrating the cholangiocyte repair response to biliary injury. We will review how biliary repair can occur through the process of hepatocyte-to-BEC transdifferentiation and how YAP1 is pertinent to this process. We will also discuss the liver's capacity for metabolic reprogramming as an adaptive mechanism in extreme cholestasis, such as when intrahepatic bile ducts are absent due to YAP1 loss from hepatic progenitors. Finally, we will discuss the roles of YAP1 in the context of pediatric pathologies afflicting bile ducts, such as Alagille syndrome and biliary atresia. In conclusion, we will comprehensively discuss the spatiotemporal roles of YAP1 in biliary development and repair after biliary injury while describing key interactions with other well-known developmental pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"42 1","pages":"17-33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9372714/pdf/nihms-1828147.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9585351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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