Seminars in liver disease最新文献_第4页

Role of the Gut Microbiome in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. 肠道微生物组在代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝中的作用

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1055/a-2438-4383

Salim Maher, Jayashi Rajapakse, Emad El-Omar, Amany Zekry

引用次数: 0

HBV Biomarkers and Their Role in Guiding Treatment Decisions. HBV 生物标志物及其在指导治疗决策中的作用。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1055/a-2448-4157

Lung-Yi Mak, Tobias Boettler, Upkar S Gill

{"title":"HBV Biomarkers and Their Role in Guiding Treatment Decisions.","authors":"Lung-Yi Mak, Tobias Boettler, Upkar S Gill","doi":"10.1055/a-2448-4157","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2448-4157","url":null,"abstract":"Over 300 million individuals worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at risk for progressive liver disease. Due to the lack of a therapy that reliably achieves viral elimination and the variability of liver disease progression, treatment decisions are guided by the degree of liver disease and viral biomarkers as the viral life-cycle is well characterized and largely conserved between individuals. In contrast, the immunological landscape is much more heterogeneous and diverse and the measurement of its components is less well standardized. Due to the lack of a universal and easily measurable set of biomarkers, clinical practice guidelines remain controversial, aiming for a balance between simplifying treatment decisions by reducing biomarker requirements and using all available biomarkers to avoid overtreatment of patients with low risk for disease progression. While approved therapies such as nucleos(t)ide analogs improve patient outcomes, the inability to achieve a complete cure highlights the need for novel therapies. Since no treatment candidate has demonstrated universal efficacy, biomarkers will remain important for treatment stratification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on virological and immunological biomarkers with a specific focus on how they might be beneficial in guiding treatment decisions in chronic hepatitis B.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":"474-491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mice Engrafted with Human Liver Cells 移植人肝细胞的小鼠

IF 4.2 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1790601

Ype P. de Jong

{"title":"Mice Engrafted with Human Liver Cells","authors":"Ype P. de Jong","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1790601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1790601","url":null,"abstract":"Rodents are commonly employed to model human liver conditions, although species differences can restrict their translational relevance. To overcome some of these limitations, researchers have long pursued human hepatocyte transplantation into rodents. More than 20 years ago, the first primary human hepatocyte transplantations into immunodeficient mice with liver injury were able to support hepatitis B and C virus infections, as these viruses cannot replicate in murine hepatocytes. Since then, hepatocyte chimeric mouse models have transitioned into mainstream preclinical research and are now employed in a diverse array of liver conditions beyond viral hepatitis, including malaria, drug metabolism, liver-targeting gene therapy, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, lipoprotein and bile acid biology, and others. Concurrently, endeavors to cotransplant other cell types and humanize immune and other nonparenchymal compartments have seen growing success. Looking ahead, several challenges remain. These include enhancing immune functionality in mice doubly humanized with hepatocytes and immune systems, efficiently creating mice with genetically altered grafts and reliably humanizing chimeric mice with renewable cell sources such as patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. In conclusion, hepatocyte chimeric mice have evolved into vital preclinical models that address many limitations of traditional rodent models. Continued improvements may further expand their applications. ","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflammation in Steatotic Liver Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. 脂肪肝中的炎症：发病机制与治疗靶点》。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1055/a-2338-9261

Shengying Qian, Xiaolin Wang, Yingfen Chen, Qiuhong Zai, Yong He

引用次数: 0

The Value of Ammonia as a Biomarker in Patients with Cirrhosis. 氨作为肝硬化患者生物标志物的价值。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1055/a-2378-8942

Maria Pilar Ballester, Esra Nur Durmazer, Tingting Qi, Rajiv Jalan

引用次数: 0

Necrotic Liver Lesion Resolution: Another Mode of Liver Regeneration. 坏死肝脏病变的解决：肝脏再生的另一种模式。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-9505

Cheng Chen, Dechun Feng, Yang Wang, Tiantian Yao, Bryan Mackowiak, Bin Gao

引用次数: 0

Noninvasive Tests to Assess Fibrosis and Disease Severity in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. 评估代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病和代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝炎的纤维化和疾病严重程度的无创检验。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788277

Monica A Tincopa, Rohit Loomba

{"title":"Noninvasive Tests to Assess Fibrosis and Disease Severity in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","authors":"Monica A Tincopa, Rohit Loomba","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788277","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788277","url":null,"abstract":"Risk of disease progression and clinical outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with fibrosis stage and presence of \"at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).\" Although liver biopsy is considered the gold standard to diagnose MASH and stage of fibrosis, biopsy is infrequently performed in clinical practice and has associated sampling error, lack of interrater reliability, and risk for procedural complications. Noninvasive tests (NITs) are routinely used in clinical practice for risk stratification of patients with MASLD. Several NITs are being developed for detecting \"at-risk MASH\" and cirrhosis. Clinical care guidelines apply NITs to identify patients needing subspecialty referral. With recently approved Food and Drug Administration treatment for MASH and additional emerging pharmacotherapy, NITs will identify patients who will most benefit from treatment, monitor treatment response, and assess risk for long-term clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine the performance of NITs to detect \"at-risk MASH,\" fibrosis stage, response to treatment, and risk of clinical outcomes in MASLD and MASH.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":"287-299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha in Liver Cancer. HNF4alpha 在肝癌中的作用

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1055/a-2349-7236

Manasi Kotulkar, Diego Paine-Cabrera, Udayan Apte

{"title":"Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha in Liver Cancer.","authors":"Manasi Kotulkar, Diego Paine-Cabrera, Udayan Apte","doi":"10.1055/a-2349-7236","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2349-7236","url":null,"abstract":"Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the incidence of HCC is on the rise. Liver cancers in general and HCC in particular do not respond to chemotherapy. Radiological ablation, surgical resection, and liver transplantation are the only medical therapies currently available. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) is an orphan nuclear receptor expressed only in hepatocytes in the liver. HNF4α is considered the master regulator of hepatic differentiation because it regulates a significant number of genes involved in various liver-specific functions. In addition to maintaining hepatic differentiation, HNF4α also acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting hepatocyte proliferation by suppressing the expression of promitogenic genes and inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. Loss of HNF4α expression and function is associated with rapid progression of chronic liver diseases that ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and HCC, including metabolism-associated steatohepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and hepatitis virus infection. This review summarizes the role of HNF4α in liver cancer pathogenesis and highlights its potential as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":"383-393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Precision Medicine Guided Approach to the Utilization of Biomarkers in MASLD. 新型生物标记物在 MASLD 中的应用：基于精准医学的方法。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1055/a-2364-2928

Nimish Thakral, Hailemichael Desalegn, Luis Antonio Diaz, Daniel Cabrera, Rohit Loomba, Marco Arrese, Juan Pablo Arab

{"title":"A Precision Medicine Guided Approach to the Utilization of Biomarkers in MASLD.","authors":"Nimish Thakral, Hailemichael Desalegn, Luis Antonio Diaz, Daniel Cabrera, Rohit Loomba, Marco Arrese, Juan Pablo Arab","doi":"10.1055/a-2364-2928","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2364-2928","url":null,"abstract":"The new nomenclature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes a positive diagnosis based on cardiometabolic risk factors. This definition is not only less stigmatizing but also allows for subclassification and stratification, thereby addressing the heterogeneity of what was historically referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The heterogeneity within this spectrum is influenced by several factors which include but are not limited to demographic/dietary factors, the amount of alcohol use and drinking patterns, metabolic status, gut microbiome, genetic predisposition together with epigenetic factors. The net effect of this dynamic and intricate system-level interaction is reflected in the phenotypic presentation of MASLD. Therefore, the application of precision medicine in this scenario aims at complex phenotyping with consequent individual risk prediction, development of individualized preventive strategies, and improvements in the clinical trial designs. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of precision medicine approaches in MASLD, including the use of novel biomarkers of disease, and its subsequent utilization in future study designs.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":"273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gallstones: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. 胆结石：预防、诊断和治疗。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Seminars in liver disease Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1055/a-2378-9025

Frank Lammert, Henning Wittenburg

{"title":"Gallstones: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","authors":"Frank Lammert, Henning Wittenburg","doi":"10.1055/a-2378-9025","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2378-9025","url":null,"abstract":"Gallstones are common and affect up to 20% of the general adult population and >20% of them will develop symptoms or complications of cholelithiasis. The high risk of gallbladder stone formation can be reduced by ursodeoxycholic acid in the case of significant weight reduction resulting from diet or bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated for symptomatic gallstones, as the risk of recurrence or complications increases over the course of the disease. Biliary colic is treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and spasmolytics; opioids can also be used in cases of severe acute pain. Acute cholecystitis represents a common complication of gallbladder stones and a cholecystectomy should be performed early electively, i.e., within 24 hours of admission to hospital. Symptomatic bile duct stones are primarily treated endoscopically. Immediate anti-infective therapy is mandatory in acute cholangitis. Although knowledge on the genetics and pathophysiology of gallstones has increased, current treatment algorithms remain predominantly invasive, based on interventional endoscopy and surgery. Future efforts should focus on novel strategies to prevent the development of gallstones.","PeriodicalId":21724,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in liver disease","volume":" ","pages":"394-404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0