Scientia Horticulturae最新文献

{"title":"Growth promotion and amino acid profiles in Spinacia accessions under alternating red and blue light","authors":"Tri Manh Le ,&nbsp;Yuki Sago ,&nbsp;Yasuomi Ibaraki ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Harada ,&nbsp;Kenta Arai ,&nbsp;Yuichi Ishizaki ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Aoki ,&nbsp;Chris Kik ,&nbsp;Rob van Treuren ,&nbsp;Theo van Hintum ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Shigyo","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternating irradiation of red and blue light has been reported to promote the growth of several crops, caused by modifications in metabolite biosynthesis. In this study, ten <em>Spinacia</em> accessions, including both cultivated and wild spinach, were grown under alternating and simultaneous red/blue light irradiation, with a white fluorescent lamp used as a control. The results indicated that alternating red and blue light significantly increased fresh weight of most accessions. Additionally, alternating irradiation enhanced accumulation of glutamic acid, glutamine, and aspartic acid. In contrast, the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and asparagine significantly decreased under alternating red and blue light, while they reached their highest values under simultaneous irradiation. The results suggest that different irradiation regimes influence plant growth by modulating enzyme activity in metabolic processes, leading to the accumulation or depletion of specific amino acids. Among the tested accessions, ‘CGN25120’ exhibited the highest increase in fresh weight when subjected to alternating irradiation, showing a remarkable improvement of 100.3% compared to fluorescent irradiation. Similarly, ‘CGN09511’ experienced a 153.1% increase in fresh weight without a significant reduction in amino acid content. Meanwhile, the wild accession ‘CGN25085’ (<em>Spinacia tetrandra</em>) demonstrated exceptionally high amino acid content, suggesting it could be a valuable genetic resource for plant breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of different citrus varieties by SPME-GC–MS technique","authors":"Yun Huang ,&nbsp;Zhichao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Sun ,&nbsp;Liya Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuchang Zhu ,&nbsp;Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Dazhai Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to analyze the volatile components in the flower buds of six different citrus varieties. This analysis was performed using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC–MS) to identify key substances for variety identification. Following the optimization of the SPME conditions, 108 volatile compounds were identified, and 21 key aroma components were screened. Of these, M-cymene, (E)-β- farnesene, and Tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]decane,1-methyl-3-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-rel- were newly identified as key aroma components of citrus. Significant cultivar-specific differences were observed: <em>Citrus limon</em> (L.) Burm. f. cv. Lisbon had the highest d-limonene content (&gt;50 %); Minneola tangelo was characterized by linalool (20.21 %) and thymol; and Guanxi honey pomelo was rich in β-myrcene (26.21 %). Principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the Ward method were used together to accurately identify six citrus varieties. This study established a rapid and reliable volatile component fingerprint analysis method for authenticity identification and quality assessment of citrus varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superiority of bumblebee pollination over forchlorfenuron (CPPU) in improving melon fruit quality and aroma volatiles under protected cultivation","authors":"Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tom D. Breeze ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhou ,&nbsp;Aimei Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Huang ,&nbsp;Jiandong An","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and bee pollination are common artificial pollination practices in the protected cultivation of melon. Compared with the CPPU treatment, bee pollination significantly increases fruit quality. In this study, the effects of these two pollination methods on melon fruit growth dynamics and quality were compared. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS) were employed to analyse the sugar content and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in mature fruits. The results showed that bumblebee-pollinated melons initially grew faster (0–9 days after anthesis) but were subsequently surpassed by CPPU-treated fruits until maturity. At maturity, the CPPU-treated melons had slightly greater fruit weight and flesh thickness, whereas the bumblebee-pollinated melons displayed a higher fruit set rate, a more uniform fruit shape, a greater seed count and denser rind netting. Compared with CPPU-treated fruits, bumblebee-pollinated melons contained higher sucrose levels but lower fructose and glucose levels. VOC profiling revealed that alcohols, aldehydes, and esters dominated the volatile profiles in both groups, but the total VOC content in bumblebee-pollinated melon flesh was 1.9 times greater than that in CPPU-treated melons. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis indicated significant differences in VOC composition between the two pollination methods. Orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) identified five discriminant VOCs: 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-nonanol, 1-nonanol, 6-nonen-1-ol, and 3,6-(E, Z)-nonadien-1-ol. These findings demonstrate that bumblebee pollination significantly improves the fruit appearance, flesh sweetness, and aroma of protected-cultivation melons and should be actively promoted as a sustainable alternative to CPPU application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compost-nitrogen synergies improve nutrition and growth in citrus rootstocks","authors":"Mojtaba Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Mostafa Farajpour","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers undermines soil health and sustainability in citrus production. Compost offers a promising alternative, but its interaction with nitrogen and rootstock remains unclear. A factorial experiment was established using Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks to evaluate the combined effects of sulfur-enriched compost (0–7.5 % w/w) and ammonium sulfate (0–80 mg N kg⁻¹ soil). Moderate compost (2.5–5 %) combined with moderate nitrogen (≈40 mg kg⁻¹) improved growth and balanced leaf nutrition, while excessive nitrogen reduced uptake of key nutrients. Compost enhanced micronutrients (Mn, Cu), and rootstock strongly influenced Fe and Zn. These results highlight that partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen with compost, adjusted to rootstock responses, is a practical and climate-smart strategy for sustainable citrus management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine mapping and combined omics analysis of CMS restorer gene Rfa in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Wang ,&nbsp;YiWen Zhang ,&nbsp;Lanting Xu ,&nbsp;Yanxu Yin ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Shenghua Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhan ,&nbsp;Sang Ge ,&nbsp;Minghua Yao ,&nbsp;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a principal method for inducing heterosis in pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) and effectively addresses the difficulty of manual emasculation, simplifies seed production, and improves seed purity<em>.</em> Most research on CMS restorer genes in pepper is based on second-generation genomes; therefore, further research is required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. In this study, the CMS line 1310A and restorer line CA1403 were subjected to genetic analyses of fertility. The results revealed that sterility was controlled by a single recessive gene and anther abortion occurred in the tetrad stage. Using the third-generation genome CA59, combined with BSA-seq and map-based cloning, we identified and finely mapped a new restorer locus, <em>Rfa</em>, to a 311 kb physical segment on chromosome 6. Moreover, three PPR-coding genes in the form of a gene cluster were identified as candidate genes. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that the <em>Rfa</em> mutation downregulated key genes for sporopollenin and pollen exine biosynthesis and then interfered with the synthesis and metabolism pathways of phenylpropanoids, cutin, waxes, flavonoids, and saccharides. This resulted in a lack of essential precursors and energy required for pollen exine and tapetum development, eventually leading to male sterility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelic interactions between Pun1 and Pun3 drive high pungency in Capsicum progeny from interspecific crosses","authors":"Sanghyun Ahn,&nbsp;Seungki Back,&nbsp;Shieun Yi,&nbsp;Jin-Kyung Kwon,&nbsp;Byoung-Cheorl Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chili pepper (<em>Capsicum</em> spp.), a globally cultivated vegetable and spice crop, is highly valued for its characteristic pungency, which is derived from capsaicinoids. Given the global demand for chili peppers with varying pungency levels, there is considerable interest in developing breeding strategies to precisely regulate capsaicinoid production. Capsaicinoid biosynthesis is controlled by several key structural genes and transcriptional regulators, including <em>Pun1</em> and <em>Pun3</em>. Here, we focused on transferring the high-pungency trait of <em>C. chinense</em> to the widely grown <em>C. annuum</em> donor line through interspecific crosses. We analyzed the correlation between the <em>Pun1</em> and <em>Pun3</em> genotypes and capsaicinoid levels in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between <em>C. annuum</em> ‘TF68’ and <em>C. chinense</em> ‘Habanero’. The presence of the <em>Pun1</em> and <em>Pun3</em> alleles from <em>C. chinense</em> significantly increased the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents in the progeny, highlighting the pivotal role of allele-specific interactions in the pungency trait. We identified sequence variations of the MYB-binding <em>cis</em>-element 1 in the <em>Pun1</em> promoter, a region bound by the transcriptional activator CaMYB31, which is encoded by <em>Pun3</em>, between ‘TF68’ and ‘Habanero’. We also detected these variations within <em>C. chinense</em> accessions in a core collection, suggesting that capsaicinoid content is correlated with these genotypes. We further validated the roles of the <em>Pun1</em> and <em>Pun3</em> alleles from <em>C. chinense</em> in capsaicinoid accumulation by analyzing an early segregating generation from an interspecific cross between <em>C. annuum</em> ‘TH35-5’ and <em>C. chinense</em> ‘Jolokia’. These findings highlight the utility of allele-specific markers informed by <em>Pun1</em> and <em>Pun3</em> allelic interactions for breeding extremely pungent <em>C. annuum</em> cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in quality-related traits and ethylene metabolism of two distinct apple genotypes grown at high vs low altitudes","authors":"Núria Vall-llaura,&nbsp;Jordi Giné-Bordonaba,&nbsp;Dolors Ubach,&nbsp;Neus Teixidó,&nbsp;Gemma Echeverria,&nbsp;Christian Larrigaudière","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orchard locations with differing altitudinal characteristics were studied to better understand how different environmental conditions may affect the ripening process of ‘Golden Reinders’ and ‘Mandy’ apple cultivars, as well as their quality traits at harvest and after storage. During the first season, differences on quality traits at harvest and postharvest were detected between apples grown at several low and high-altitude orchards, particularly for the ‘Mandy’ cultivar. In the second season, the study focused on selected low and high-altitude orchards for both genotypes investigating the influence of the environmental conditions on ethylene metabolism and fruit quality at harvest and postharvest. Results showed that fruit grown at cooler locations exhibited increased physiological maturity at harvest. This increase in maturity was determined at an early stage, during growth, and generally associated with significant changes in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling. Nonetheless, and despite the increased maturity, fruit from high altitude orchards, exhibited better quality after storage and during shelf-life, with improved colouration, maintained firmness and acidity, and better sensorial acceptance. These results suggest that the final quality of the apples is influenced not only by ethylene-dependent processes but also by other factors modulated by environmental cues. In fact, the impact of the environment was greater on the ‘Mandy’ cultivar, while the effect of the genotype was different between low-altitude and high-altitude locations, thus highlighting the importance of genotype ×  environment interactions for selecting genotypes with stable performance across different environments and resulting specifically interesting in the new challenging context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling physiology of three Limonium species","authors":"Bi liang Cai ,&nbsp;Zhu Zhu ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Jing hui Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plants of the genus <em>Limonium</em> are often used as cut flowers and landscaping materials due to their beautiful flowers and high ornamental value. However, their application in arid and semi-arid regions is relatively limited. To explore the potential of <em>Limonium</em> in these areas, We conducted a study on three wild species in Gansu Province: <em>Limonium gmelinii, Limonium bicolor</em>, and <em>Limonium aureum</em>. By simulating different intensities of drought stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG), we observed the seed germination behavior and the physiological and biochemical responses of seedlings of these three species to drought stress. The results showed that 20 % PEG stress significantly inhibited the germination of seeds from all three species. At the same time, the germination drought tolerance index (GDTI) remained at 0.24 for <em>Limonium aureum</em> under 30 % PEG, higher than the 0.13 for <em>Limonium bicolor</em>, indicating that it possesses strong drought tolerance capabilities even at the seed stage. Multiple physiological indicators at the seedling stage further revealed differences between species. At 30 % PEG treatment, the proline content of <em>Limonium aureum</em> increased by 454.6 % compared to the control, and it exhibited the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The principal component analysis results showed that <em>Limonium aureum</em> had the highest comprehensive score (0.487) at 20 % PEG and the strongest overall drought tolerance. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting urban landscaping plants in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China, particularly highlighting the drought resistance and ornamental value of <em>Limonium aureum</em>, making it an ideal material for landscaping in these areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis the effect of shading on the regulation of oil metabolism in the mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)","authors":"Fuheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Zijia Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jixin Zou ,&nbsp;Dongdong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) is a highly productive tropical crop cultivated primarily for its oil-rich fruit, which is widely used in food, cosmetics, and biofuel industries. In this paper, total oil was extracted from oil palm mesocarp under both shaded and control conditions at five different stages and analyzed using gas chromatography. The results revealed a significant increase in total oil content during the late stages of mesocarp development under light conditions. Specifically, in the fourth stage, the shaded group exhibited approximately 35 % oil content relative to fresh weight, compared to about 56 % in the control group. Similarly, in the fifth stage, the shaded group showed approximately 63 % oil content relative to fresh weight, while the control group had around 76 %. This suggests that shading treatment had a profound impact on oil accumulation in oil palm mesocarp. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids during the early stages of mesocarp development under light regulation. Analysis of gene expression differences in fatty acid metabolism, sucrose metabolism, carotenoid metabolism, and ethylene biosynthesis based on transcriptome data from the third, fourth, and fifth stages of shaded and control groups revealed notable patterns. Overall, light regulation significantly influenced various metabolic pathways, including total oil, sugars, carotenoids, and ethylene metabolism, impacting fruit development and metabolic product accumulation in mesocarp of oil palm fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinated responses of leaf water status, anatomical structure, and photosynthetic performance in different Bougainvillea cultivars under low-temperature stress","authors":"Huihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;Zunling Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematic studies on coordinated regulation of leaf water status, anatomical structure, and photosynthetic characteristics of <em>Bougainvillea</em> under cold stress are limited. Here, we aimed to investigate the physiological response mechanisms of <em>Bougainvillea</em> under low-temperature stress; two <em>Bougainvillea</em> species with contrasting levels of cold tolerance—<em>Bougainvillea glabra</em> “Brasiliensis” (cold-tolerant) and <em>B. spectabilis</em> “Auratus” (cold-sensitive)—were selected as experimental materials. Plantlets were subjected to low-temperature stress for 0, 1, 3, and 7 days, and leaf water status, anatomical structure, and photosynthetic parameters were analyzed. Principal component and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses were used to identify the major response indicators, and correlation analysis was conducted to explore the potential synergistic regulation among key physiological traits. Low-temperature stress significantly affected leaf water metabolism, photosynthetic performance, and structural stability in <em>Bougainvillea</em>. Brasiliensis exhibited higher relative water content and water use efficiency, lower water saturation deficit, and higher photosynthetic activity than did Auratus, under low-temperature conditions; its leaf anatomical structure was relatively stable, with significantly high thickness of epidermal and palisade tissues. Furthermore, intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and leaf, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue thickness were key physiological–structural indicators differentiating cold tolerance between the cultivars, with Ci negatively correlated with the above structural parameters. Overall, the differences in cold tolerance of <em>Bougainvillea</em> cultivars under low-temperature stress were primarily attributed to the integrated regulation of water retention capacity, anatomical stability, and photosynthetic efficiency. This study provides theoretical and technical basis for selecting cold-tolerant <em>Bougainvillea</em> cultivars and elucidating the mechanisms of cold resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}