Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adw8636
Sukjun Kim, Gaoweiang Dong, Aedan Mangan, Devyansh Agrawal, Shengqiang Cai, Tania K. Morimoto
{"title":"LCE-integrated soft skin for millimeter-scale steerable soft everting robots","authors":"Sukjun Kim, Gaoweiang Dong, Aedan Mangan, Devyansh Agrawal, Shengqiang Cai, Tania K. Morimoto","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adw8636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw8636","url":null,"abstract":"Soft everting robots grow their body from the tip via eversion, enabling minimal interaction with their surroundings. They can traverse complex environments by changing the growth direction via integrated steering mechanisms. However, it is challenging to miniaturize existing steering mechanisms and to achieve multiple bends while remaining fully soft. In this work, we present an approach to create millimeter-scale, steerable, and fully soft everting robots by functionalizing the robot skin with liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuators. This design enables large bending angles (>100°) at multiple points along the robot’s length. We investigate the effects of internal pressure and actuator temperature as control inputs for steering and demonstrate the potential of our design for practical applications, such as surgical procedures and inspection tasks. Our results highlight the advantages of soft, functionalized skins and represent a step toward small, steerable, soft everting robots for applications in delicate and constrained environments.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adx7687
Kyosuke Shishikura, Jiasong Li, Yiming Chen, Nate R. McKnight, Thomas P. Keeley, Katelyn A. Bustin, Eric W. Barr, Snehil R. Chilkamari, Mahaa Ayub, Sun Woo Kim, Zongtao Lin, Ren-Ming Hu, Kelly Hicks, Xie Wang, Donald M. O’Rourke, J. Martin Bollinger, Zev A. Binder, William H. Parsons, Kirill A. Martemyanov, Aimin Liu, Megan L. Matthews
{"title":"Hydralazine inhibits cysteamine dioxygenase to treat preeclampsia and senesce glioblastoma","authors":"Kyosuke Shishikura, Jiasong Li, Yiming Chen, Nate R. McKnight, Thomas P. Keeley, Katelyn A. Bustin, Eric W. Barr, Snehil R. Chilkamari, Mahaa Ayub, Sun Woo Kim, Zongtao Lin, Ren-Ming Hu, Kelly Hicks, Xie Wang, Donald M. O’Rourke, J. Martin Bollinger, Zev A. Binder, William H. Parsons, Kirill A. Martemyanov, Aimin Liu, Megan L. Matthews","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx7687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx7687","url":null,"abstract":"Hydralazine (HYZ), a treatment for preeclampsia and hypertensive crisis, is listed by the World Health Organization as an essential medicine. Its mode of action has remained unknown through its seven decades of clinical use. Here, we identify 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO), a key mediator of targeted protein degradation, as a selective HYZ target. The drug chelates ADO’s metallocofactor and can alkylate one of its ligands. The resultant inactivation stabilizes regulators of G protein signaling (RGS4 and RGS5) that ADO normally marks for proteolysis, explaining the drug’s vasodilatory activity and comporting with observations of diminished RGS levels in both clinical preeclampsia and a mouse model thereof. Its inhibition of ADO suggested use of HYZ against glioblastoma (GBM); indeed, a single dose robustly senesces cultured GBM cells. By establishing ADO as a nexus for GBM and preeclampsia and connecting it to HYZ, the results create opportunities for directed tailoring of the old drug for new therapies.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ady8532
Han Chen, Constantin Cretu, Abigail Trebilcock, Natalia Evdokimova, Norbert Babai, Laura Feldmann, Florian Leidner, Fritz Benseler, Sophia Mutschall, Klara Esch, Csaba Zoltan Kibedi Szabo, Vladimir Pena, Constantin Pape, Helmut Grubmüller, Nicola Strenzke, Nils Brose, Carolin Wichmann, Julia Preobraschenski, Tobias Moser
{"title":"Structure and function of otoferlin, a synaptic protein of sensory hair cells essential for hearing","authors":"Han Chen, Constantin Cretu, Abigail Trebilcock, Natalia Evdokimova, Norbert Babai, Laura Feldmann, Florian Leidner, Fritz Benseler, Sophia Mutschall, Klara Esch, Csaba Zoltan Kibedi Szabo, Vladimir Pena, Constantin Pape, Helmut Grubmüller, Nicola Strenzke, Nils Brose, Carolin Wichmann, Julia Preobraschenski, Tobias Moser","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady8532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady8532","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing relies upon speedy synaptic transmission of sound information from inner hair cells (IHCs) to spiral ganglion neurons. To accomplish this, IHCs use a sophisticated presynaptic machinery including the multi-C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> domain protein otoferlin that is affected by human deafness mutations. Otoferlin is essential for IHC exocytosis, but how it binds Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> and the target membrane to serve synaptic vesicle (SV) tethering, docking, and fusion remained unclear. Here, we obtained cryo–electron microscopy structures of otoferlin and employed molecular dynamics simulations of membrane binding. We show that membrane binding by otoferlin involves C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> B-C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> G domains and repositions C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> F and C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> G domains. Disruption of Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> -binding sites of the C <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> D domain in mice altered synaptic sound encoding and eliminated the Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> cooperativity of IHC exocytosis, indicating that it requires the binding of several Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> -ions by otoferlin. Together, our findings elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying otoferlin-mediated SV docking and support the role of otoferlin as Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> sensor of SV fusion in IHCs.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adz6774
Anna D. Burtseva, Yury B. Slonimskiy, Timur N. Baymukhametov, Maria A. Sinetova, Daniil A. Gvozdev, Georgy V. Tsoraev, Dmitry A. Cherepanov, Eugene G. Maksimov, Vladimir O. Popov, Konstantin M. Boyko, Nikolai N. Sluchanko
{"title":"Structure and quenching of a bundle-shaped phycobilisome","authors":"Anna D. Burtseva, Yury B. Slonimskiy, Timur N. Baymukhametov, Maria A. Sinetova, Daniil A. Gvozdev, Georgy V. Tsoraev, Dmitry A. Cherepanov, Eugene G. Maksimov, Vladimir O. Popov, Konstantin M. Boyko, Nikolai N. Sluchanko","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz6774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6774","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria use soluble antenna megacomplexes, phycobilisomes (PBSs), to maximize light-harvesting efficiency and small photoswitchable orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs) to down-regulate PBSs in high light. Among known PBS morphologies, the one from the basal cyanobacterial genus <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gloeobacter</jats:italic> still lacks detailed structural characterization. Here, we reconstructed a cryo–electron microscopy structure of the >10-megadalton <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gloeobacter violaceus</jats:italic> PBS, with diverging, conformationally mobile bundles of rods composed of stacked phycoerythrin and phycocyanin hexamers, stemming from a pentacylindrical allophycocyanin core belted by auxiliary phycocyanin hexamers. We show how two <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gloeobacter</jats:italic> -specific multidomain linker proteins, Glr1262 and Glr2806, maintain this bundle-shaped architecture and reveal its differential regulation via nonphotochemical quenching by two OCP types of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. violaceus</jats:italic> that recognize separate binding sites within the allophycocyanin core, including lateral cylinders absent in tricylindrical cores.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatiotemporally controlled delivery of biological effectors from nanofiber scaffolds accelerates skin wound healing in porcine models","authors":"Xindan Zhang, Bowen Gong, Feng Rao, Hongtao Hu, Feng Tian, Yonglai Lu, Liqun Zhang, Younan Xia, Jiajia Xue","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz5302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5302","url":null,"abstract":"Skin wound healing is a dynamic process, yet scaffolds enabling stage-specific modulation remain limited. We fabricated a nanofiber scaffold from FDA-approved materials, consisting of two outer layers of radially aligned and random poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers and a middle layer of electrosprayed phase-change microparticles loaded with platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the periphery and PDGF-BB/epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the center. Near-infrared irradiation through a photomask enabled spatiotemporal control of growth factor release, aligning PDGF-BB, VEGF, and EGF delivery with specific phases of wound healing to promote vascularization, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling. In a preclinical porcine model, it enhanced closure and modulated the microenvironment by activating PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and immune pathways, up-regulating genes for survival and repair while down-regulating those linked to apoptosis and inflammation. With scalable manufacturing and large-animal efficacy, this scaffold holds translational potential for skin wound healing.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vector analog computing via on-demand metasurface dispersive polarization transformation","authors":"Hui Yang, Jie Xu, Meiyu Peng, Hairong He, Yuting Jiang, Dian Yu, Ruibo Jin, Yingjie Gu, Yueqiang Hu, Huigao Duan, Hui Jing","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz5123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5123","url":null,"abstract":"Optical analog computing can potentially feature high-throughput parallel processing with ultralow power and high speed and is promising for efficient signal processing. Previous platforms have mainly focused on scalar computing with optical intensities, which is highly sensitive to environmental disturbance and has been primarily restricted to single or basic computations because of intrinsic fixed correlation between the input and output signals. To our knowledge, for the first time, we use polarization vectors for optical analog computing with a single-layered metasurface to overcome these restrictions. The underlying mechanism is on-demand polarization transformation on the dispersive Poincaré spheres, constructing intrinsic variable correlations between the incident polarization vectors and output signals. We choose the universal logical gates and mathematical function operations as two specific examples. Experimental results of our vector computing metadevices exhibit minimal errors relative to the target values. Our work opens up an avenue for advanced optical signal processing across both classical and quantum domains.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental alterations in brain network asymmetry in 3- to 9-month infants with congenital sensorineural hearing loss","authors":"Guangfang Liu, Xin Zhou, Zhenyan Hu, Yidi Liu, Endi Huo, Heather Bortfeld, Qi Dong, Chunhui Chen, Haihong Liu, Haijing Niu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx1327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx1327","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory exposure plays a crucial role in shaping brain development, but little is known about whether and how an initial lack of auditory exposure might disrupt the development of functional network lateralization. We addressed this issue by acquiring functional near-infrared spectroscopy data from infants aged 3 to 9 months with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The SNHL infants showed efficient small-world characteristics within each hemisphere. However, unlike typically developing controls, who showed an age-related leftward lateralization of network efficiencies, SNHL infants did not exhibit the emergence of hemispheric asymmetry. Intriguingly, lateralization of frontal efficiency was preserved in SNHL infants with mild hearing loss but declined significantly with increasing severity of hearing impairment. These findings suggest that even SNHL infants with some residual hearing experience disruption in the development of functional lateralization. This underscores the importance of providing early auditory access to SNHL infants to support robust functional integration during early development.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv5938
Ryota Takagi, Keisuke Yoshida, Tomomi Okada
{"title":"Rupture of solidified ancient magma that impeded preceding swarm migrations led to the 2024 Noto earthquake","authors":"Ryota Takagi, Keisuke Yoshida, Tomomi Okada","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv5938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adv5938","url":null,"abstract":"An intense earthquake swarm lasting ~3 years ultimately led to the 2024 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M</jats:italic> <jats:sub>w</jats:sub> (moment magnitude) 7.5 earthquake in the Noto Peninsula, Japan. The spatial complexities in swarm evolution and earthquake rupture have been observed, but the factors controlling these complexities remain unclear. Using high-resolution subsurface imaging with dense seismic observation, we identified a high-velocity body collocated with the major slip zone, which the preceding swarm avoided. The spatial distribution and absolute velocity of the high-velocity body and the adjacent ring-shaped swarm cluster indicate that the high-velocity body is a solidified ancient magma. It initially acted as an impermeable barrier to the fluid migrations that triggered swarm earthquakes, eventually rupturing as an asperity of the 2024 earthquake. Our observation suggests that the heterogeneity in fault zone permeability, originating from ancient volcanic activity (>15 million years ago), controlled the present-day swarm evolution and the large earthquake generation.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu3708
Bert Vandereydt, Baptiste Blanc, Kripa K. Varanasi
{"title":"Bubble-driven cell detachment","authors":"Bert Vandereydt, Baptiste Blanc, Kripa K. Varanasi","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu3708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu3708","url":null,"abstract":"On-demand cell detachment is of great importance in various applications in biosensitive environments. Existing methods such as enzymatic treatments and mechanical scraping are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and harmful to cells. In this work, we demonstrate a method of detaching cells from substrates using electrochemical bubble generation without biocide generation. We demonstrate that shear stress generated by fluid flow beneath a rising bubble is the primary mechanism for cell detachment. This strategy, relying solely on physical forces and independent of cell or surface chemistry, can therefore work with a large range of the media, surfaces, and cells. We successfully implement this discovery at the lab-scale by designing a prototype for on-demand cell detachment that maintains high cell viability. The developed principle could find applications in high-throughput culture settings, such as algae photobioreactors or cell culture environments.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv1172
Jinhwa Shin, Seungmi Lee, Yeongcheol Han, Heejin Hwang, Seokhyun Ro, Soon Do Hur, Sang-Bum Hong
{"title":"Tracing stratospheric transport using subannual plutonium-239 fallout in polar ice cores","authors":"Jinhwa Shin, Seungmi Lee, Yeongcheol Han, Heejin Hwang, Seokhyun Ro, Soon Do Hur, Sang-Bum Hong","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv1172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adv1172","url":null,"abstract":"Polar ice cores preserve high-resolution archives of historical atmospheric transport, providing unique insights into long-term stratospheric processes. Here, we present the first subannual plutonium-239 ( <jats:sup>239</jats:sup> Pu) deposition records from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores (1940 to 1980 CE). The limited or delayed fallout from Ivy Mike (1952 CE) compared to Operation Castle (1954 CE), despite their detonation in close proximity, exemplifies how stratospheric circulation and seasonal dynamics create periods of reduced transport to Antarctica. These records also reveal seasonal fallout patterns in Antarctica, with enhanced deposition during austral summers driven by stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Our findings refine current representations of global aerosol dispersion and provide additional constraints for modeling atmospheric processes, particularly those driven by volcanic eruptions and geoengineering interventions.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}