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IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)最新文献

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How Do Social Networks Contribute to Wage Inequality? Insights from an Agent-Based Analysis 社会网络如何导致工资不平等?基于代理分析的见解
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2229810
H. Dawid, S. Gemkow
{"title":"How Do Social Networks Contribute to Wage Inequality? Insights from an Agent-Based Analysis","authors":"H. Dawid, S. Gemkow","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2229810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2229810","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a closed agent-based macroeconomic simulation model (Eurace@Unibi), this article analyzes whether the density of social networks influences via referrals the residual wage inequality in different skill groups. It is shown that an increase in network density leads to a polarization of firms and a concentration of workers with high specific skills at firms with high productivities (and wages) thereby enlarging within group wage inequality, but not between group wage inequality.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134121299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
All in a Day's Work, at Home: Teleworkers’ Management of Micro Role Transitions and the Work–Home Boundary 整天在家工作:远程工作者对微观角色转换和工作-家庭边界的管理
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-005X.2012.00290.x
K. Fonner, Lara C. Stache
{"title":"All in a Day's Work, at Home: Teleworkers’ Management of Micro Role Transitions and the Work–Home Boundary","authors":"K. Fonner, Lara C. Stache","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-005X.2012.00290.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2012.00290.x","url":null,"abstract":"Based on boundary theory, this study analysed the cues and rituals home‐based teleworkers use to facilitate transitions between work and home roles. Qualitative findings revealed that teleworkers primarily engage in strategies aimed at segmenting work from home roles, although some utilise cues to integrate work and home. Teleworkers used time, space, technology and communication as cues to aid role transitions and manage the work–home boundary. Overall, teleworkers appeared to grapple with the tension between the desire for flexibility and the need for structure, and use cues and rites of passage in order to facilitate this balance. Female teleworkers were more likely to use segmenting cues relative to male teleworkers. Teleworkers with children living in the home were less likely to integrate work and home roles. Extensive teleworkers used space more frequently than less extensive teleworkers, but otherwise, both groups reported similar use of cues.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128344414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 130
Neutral Technology Shocks and Employment Dynamics: Results Based on an RBC Identification Scheme 中性技术冲击和就业动态:基于RBC识别方案的结果
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2063199
H. Mumtaz, Francesco Zanetti
{"title":"Neutral Technology Shocks and Employment Dynamics: Results Based on an RBC Identification Scheme","authors":"H. Mumtaz, Francesco Zanetti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2063199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2063199","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the dynamic response of labour input to neutral technology shocks. It uses a standard real business cycle model enriched with labour market search and matching frictions and investment-specific technological progress that enables a new, agnostic, identification scheme based on sign restrictions on an SVAR. The estimation supports an increase of labour input in response to neutral technology shocks. This finding is robust across different perturbations of the SVAR model. The model is extended to allow for time-varying volatility of shocks and the identification scheme is used to investigate the importance of neutral and investment-specific technology shocks to explain the reduced volatility of US macroeconomic variables over the past two decades. Neutral technology shocks are found to be more important than investment-specific technology shocks.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129186050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Older Workers' Training Opportunities in Times of Workplace Innovation 职场创新时代的老年员工培训机会
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-12-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2009098
L. Magnani
{"title":"Older Workers' Training Opportunities in Times of Workplace Innovation","authors":"L. Magnani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2009098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2009098","url":null,"abstract":"Training (for workers) and innovation (for workplaces) are not free lunches. From the viewpoint of the firm, training is also highly risky, because there is uncertainty over the size of any future returns from employer-provided training. Stylized facts stress that constraints in achieving preferred working hours have major impacts on job satisfaction. Consequently hour constraints may lead to workers' job mobility and older workers' retirement. Firms internalize the risk of workers' mobility by reducing their training investments in these workers. I contrast this model with a signalling model of hour constraints where, in the face of asymmetric information over workers' quality and reliability, and so over profitability of training, workers may trade present hour constraints (at the current wage), for training (and future wage) opportunities. This set of reasoning implies that, empirically, we should observe a positive correlation between training and hour constraints at the individual level. I use two matched employer-employee datasets, for Australia and Canada respectively, to test the competing empirical implications of these two models for the link between hour constraints and training. The main result of this study is that there is little support for hour constraints as a signal of future reliability and productivity. Rather, hour constrained individuals appear to have less chance to receiving training. This result survives a number of robustness exercises that attempt to control for selection on observables and selection on unobservables that determine the hour constraint outcome. Institutional differences in the retirement funding system, and the differential appeal of outside option (the option of exiting the labour force) in Australia and Canada in the two survey years contribute to explain the different patterns of training and hour constraints older workers face in these two countries.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128208690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does the Internet Help the Unemployed Find Jobs? 互联网能帮助失业者找到工作吗?
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-12-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2152727
Eleanor Jawon Choi
{"title":"Does the Internet Help the Unemployed Find Jobs?","authors":"Eleanor Jawon Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2152727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2152727","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether using the Internet for job search helps unemployed workers find jobs. The self-selection of Internet job searchers is addressed by the instrumental variable (IV) estimation strategy. I isolate potentially exogenous variation in individuals’ Internet job search status by exploiting variation in adoption of the Internet across occupations. The fraction of unemployed workers using the Internet to search for jobs increased more rapidly in occupations with higher computer use rates before the introduction of the Internet. The analysis sample consists of unemployed workers from the September 1992 Basic Monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) and the December 1998, August 2000, and September 2001 CPS Computer and Internet Use Supplements. The unemployed workers are longitudinally matched with their employment outcomes from the subsequent CPS files. The panel structure of the CPS enables us to follow the individuals for up to subsequent 15 months. The IV results suggest that unemployed workers searching for jobs online are around 14 percentage points more likely to be employed during the 15 month follow-up period than unemployed workers who do not engage in Internet job search. This implies that using the Internet for job search raises the 15-month job finding rate by around 26 percent at the mean.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133353974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Destination Choices of Mobile European Researchers: Europe versus North America 流动欧洲研究人员的目的地选择:欧洲与北美
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2011-12-06 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2105573
Linda Van Bouwel, E. Lykogianni, R. Veugelers
{"title":"Destination Choices of Mobile European Researchers: Europe versus North America","authors":"Linda Van Bouwel, E. Lykogianni, R. Veugelers","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2105573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2105573","url":null,"abstract":"Using a sample of 998 European-born researchers who obtained their PhD in Europe, we study the differences in personal characteristics, motivations and perceived external influencing factors between researchers who are internationally mobile within Europe or internationally mobile to North America. We find that career motivations are more strongly related to mobility to North America, which suggests that Europe is indeed losing its most motivated (and best?) researchers to the United States. However, researchers with previous mobility experience as students within Europe are more likely to remain internationally mobile within Europe, due to their different perception of external influencing factors. Personal influencing factors, which includes things like obtaining a work permission for a spouse, availability of adequate schools for children and the quality and cost of accommodation, are linked to mobility to North America, suggesting that it is easier for researchers to move a family to North America than within Europe.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129819371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
International Trade and the Changing Demand for Skilled Workers in High-Tech Manufacturing 国际贸易与高科技制造业技术工人需求的变化
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1015400
Julie A. Silva
{"title":"International Trade and the Changing Demand for Skilled Workers in High-Tech Manufacturing","authors":"Julie A. Silva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1015400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1015400","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of changing trade pressures on the demand for skilled workers in high-tech and traditional manufacturing industry groupings and in individual high-tech sectors. For industry groupings, changing import and export prices have mixed effects, with coefficients switching signs between wage share and employment share models. These findings suggest that changes in earnings and employment of skilled workers are not moving in the same direction in response to shifting trade pressures. For individual high-tech sectors, both price and orientation measures had significant effects, but the direction of these effects varied substantially by sector.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117283367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Technology and Job Retention Among Young Adults, 1980-98 技术与年轻人的工作保留，1980- 1998
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2491236
M. Zavodny
{"title":"Technology and Job Retention Among Young Adults, 1980-98","authors":"M. Zavodny","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2491236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2491236","url":null,"abstract":"Although many studies have examined whether job stability and security have declined over time, the role of technology in job turnover has received little attention. This analysis examines the relationship between the likelihood that a worker remains at the same job for two years and various measures of technology usage across industries. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth over 1980-98, the results indicate that the relationship between job retention and technology varies across measures of technology. Almost all of the relationship between job retention likelihoods and technology is due to quits, not to involuntary job loss. The results suggest that the relationship between technology, quits, and involuntary job loss differs between college graduates and less-educated workers.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
U.S. Wages in General Equilibrium: The Effects of Prices, Technology, and Factor Supplies, 1963-1991 一般均衡下的美国工资:价格、技术和要素供给的影响，1963-1991
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.163168
J. Harrigan, Rita A. Balaban
{"title":"U.S. Wages in General Equilibrium: The Effects of Prices, Technology, and Factor Supplies, 1963-1991","authors":"J. Harrigan, Rita A. Balaban","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.163168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.163168","url":null,"abstract":"Wage inequality in the United States has increased, and many suspect that the main causes are changes in technology, international competition, and factor supplies. Our empirical model estimates the general equilibrium relationship between wages and technology, prices, and factor supplies. The model is based on the neoclassical theory of production, and is implemented by assuming that GDP is a function of prices, technology levels, and supplies of capital and different types of labor. We find that relative factor supply and relative price changes are both important in explaining the growing return to skill. In particular, we find that capital accumulation and the fall in the price of traded goods served to increase the return to education.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 61
Mapping office work to office technology 将办公室工作映射到办公室技术
IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 1986-02-01 DOI: 10.1145/15433.15852
William C. Sasso, S. K. Kim
{"title":"Mapping office work to office technology","authors":"William C. Sasso, S. K. Kim","doi":"10.1145/15433.15852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/15433.15852","url":null,"abstract":"While several procedures designed to facilitate office analysis have achieved success with respect to describing what happens in the office, they have contributed far less with respect to prescribing how computer-based technologies can support the office. Here we present TEMO (TEchnological Mapping of Office-work), a procedure which aids the analyst in determining the feasibility of supporting a given office task and suggests which specific software packages might improve performance of that task. In order to illustrate the procedure's application, we present a case in which TEMO is applied, in step-by-step fashion, in order to assess the feasibility of automating a simple set of tasks and to assist in the selection of an appropriate software package. Directions of continuing work in the procedure's extension, enhancement, and evaluation are also described.","PeriodicalId":216009,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116254497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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