ScienceOpen Posters最新文献

{"title":"Linking structure and function in striatum using algebraic topology, digital microcircuit reconstruction and simulations of the healthy and diseased network","authors":"Ilaria Carannante, Martina Scolamiero, A. Kozlov, Lihao Guo, J. Hjorth, Johanna Frost Nylén, J. Pereira, Arvind Kumar, W. Chachólski, J. Kotaleski","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPAEMIM.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPAEMIM.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between the structure and network dynamics within the striatum is currently not well understood. We have applied algebraic topology to investigate the local structural connectivity in the striatum, and then used simulations to predict how structure shapes network dynamics. We used a full-scale digital reconstruction of the mouse striatal microcircuitry: both healthy and at different stages of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). These stages are characterized by successively modified healthy morphologies of the striatal projection neurons (SPN), including changes in dendritic spine count. We compared the distribution of topological motifs, in the form of directed cliques, between these microcircuits. The distribution of directed cliques in the healthy striatal microcircuits showed that striatal interneurons, despite only accounting for 5%, are crucial for the construction of high dimensional directed cliques. In PD networks the presence of directed cliques drastically decreased with the disease progression. We then used simulations to investigate whether these changes in structural connectivity affect functional connectivity. Signal transfer, especially correlation transfer, in the corticostriatal system was affected. We also found that the resulting changes in intrastriatal inhibition altered the correlations between the striatal projection neurons. Directed cliques already provided insight on structural and functional properties of neocortical micrucircuitry. Here we applied this topological approach to investigate striatal networks and highligthed important differences with respect to neocortex. Combining theory with simulations using data-driven in silico reconstructions will allow us to form quantitative predictions on how structure and network dynamics relate in health and disease.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82581414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Collaborative Clinical Trials Methodology Course on Trainees’ Funding and Clinical Trials Activity","authors":"Shirley Yang, W. Meurer","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP2C5RM.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP2C5RM.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Clinical trials are challenging, and many junior investigators lack the skills to move through the phases in a coherent way. To address this issue in the clinical neurosciences, the NINDS Clinical Trials Methodology Course (CTMC) was created through cross university collaborations to provide junior investigators with relevant education and training to promote well-designed clinical trials. This study aims to explore the impact of CTMC by determining the trajectory of NIH funding and clinical trials activity in trainees after completion of the course. Methods The online databases NIH RePORTER and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched respectively to determine NIH funding and clinical trials activity of each CTMC trainee between 2014-2017. Data was collected on the Project Start Date of the first NIH grant and the Study Start Date of the first non-withdrawn clinical trial each trainee had after taking CTMC. Grants or trials prior to CTMC were noted. The date of a trainee’s CTMC was designated as January 1\u0000 st of the year following course completion. Time until grant or clinical trial was calculated as the difference between the Project/Study Start Date and the trainee’s CTMC date. Results and Discussion There were 131 CTMC trainees between 2014-2017. As of early 2019, 23.7% of these trainees received a NIH grant and 43.5% became involved in a clinical trial after the course. Excluding those with prior experience, 11.5% of all trainees received their first-ever NIH grant and 27.5% became involved in their first-ever clinical trial following completion of CTMC. For all trainees who received a NIH grant or became involved in a clinical trial after the course, the median times to these achievements were 1.1 years (IQR 0.5-1.9 years) and 1.2 years (IQR 0.6-2.2 years), respectively. These results suggest that completing CTMC may help promote successful funding and clinical trials by junior investigators.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80153446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Common Adult Eye Disorders Among Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Diluksha Jayawardana","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pph84b6.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pph84b6.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Abstract\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Background: Incidence of age related eye disorders in adult population is rising. Thus in order to carry out health promotion activities, assessing the knowledge, attitudes, practices and factors related to each among the vulnerable population is paramount.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Methods: A simple random sample of patients of age 40 or above attended to the general medical and surgical clinics of the NHSL were interviewed by interviewer administered questionnaire. Questions were asked to ascertain each participant's socio-demographic data, knowledge on common age related eye disorders namely refractory errors, cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Questions were also asked to determine their attitudes to eye care practices and treatments. All respondents were asked their frequency of eye check-ups and most commonly attending place to receive eye check-ups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Results: A total of 106 participants were assessed. From the results 96.2%, heard of cataract, 50.9% heard of glaucoma and 74.5% heard of diabetic retinopathy. In the knowledge assessment 43.6% were found to be having a good knowledge. Age (within 40 to 58 years), higher level of education up to G.C.E O/L or above, higher level of income and who are/were employed ( currently working, resigned or retired) appeared to be having a good knowledge and the associations were statistically significant. People who have accessed information from medical personnel and mass media also had statistically significant higher knowledge score. People with good knowledge of eye diseases had positive attitudes and positive practices in contrast to people with poor knowledge and these associations were statistically significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Conclusions: There was a considerable reduction in awareness regarding glaucoma compared to cataract and diabetic retinopathy. Younger age, higher education level, income and employment were found to be associated with good knowledge. Presence of good knowledge has led to have good attitudes and good eye care practices. Information gained from medical personnel and mass media were found to be effective in enhancing public awareness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Recommendations: Knowledge on common adult eye disorders should be improved from the current level in order to have good eye care practices. Enhancing public awareness can be successfully achieved through mass media and medical personnel.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Eye disorders, Knowledge, Attitude, Ophthalmology","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72673364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME AS A POSSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR MARKER IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS","authors":"Mohd Riyaz Beg, Vidhi Gupta","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP8NTIN.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP8NTIN.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic foot ulcerations have been extensively reported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality; in fact, some studies showed a higher prevalence of major, previous and new-onset, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events in diabetic patients with foot ulcers than in those without these complications. This is consistent with the fact that in diabetes there is a complex interplay of several variables with inflammatory metabolic disorders and their effect on the cardiovascular system that could explain previous reports of high morbidity and mortality rates in diabetic patients with amputations. Involvement of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 plasma levels in diabetic subjects confirmed the pathogenetic issue of the “adipovascular” axis that may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with diabetic foot, this “adipovascular axis” expression in lower plasma levels of adiponectin and higher plasma levels of IL-6 could be linked to foot ulcers pathogenesis by microvascular and inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to focus on the immune inflammatory features of DFS and its possible role as a marker of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77194696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cosmetic Properties of Natural Ingredients in the Trás-os-Montes area: a PhD Project","authors":"Sara Gonçalves, I. Gaivão","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPLZ4CW.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPLZ4CW.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The term cosmetics refers to a product applied to the body for the purpose of beautifying, cleansing or improving appearance and enhancing attractive features. The natural cosmetics market has grown since the consumer took consciousness of the concept of natural-based ingredients. A great number of cosmetics have noxious and chemically-potent substances and have an ecological impact on the environment. A study performed by the Danish Council THINK Chemicalsfound that in total 65 chemicals of concern were found in 39 products. This means consumers are exposed to these chemicals, perhaps in a daily basis. They also found that three products contained illegal ingredients in the European Union. Thus, the use of natural and organic cosmetics becomes increasingly important. This requires a strong investigation into the benefits that fruits and plants can bring to health. The PhD project will focus on four natural ingredients common in the Tras-os-Montes area: almond (Prunus dulcis), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), olive (Olea europaea) and grapes (Vitis vinifera). The general purpose of this PhD project is to evaluate the cosmetic properties of the natural ingredients towards the DNA integrity promotion. Additionally, it is intended to evaluate genoprotection, longevity and prolificacy of the natural ingredients in Drosophila melanogaster. The short life cycle, the distinct developmental stages, the availability of various tools and reagents, known genome sequence and the physiological similarity of Drosophila with humans make them an excellent in vivo model organism to rapidly test toxicity in whole organism and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity. The natural product with the best result will be used to evaluate genoprotection in human lymphocytes. These are used as a surrogate tissue, as they are easily obtained, in large numbers, do not require cell culture, are diploids and are almost all in the same phase of the cell cycle. This project is in an initial phase and lacks results, which will be available along this year.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73488323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast Agents (Gadolinium)","authors":"Sami S. Al-Showiman","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP3C6GS.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP3C6GS.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Contrast agents in medicine are chemical materials used to improve tissue and fluid contrast in the body during medical imaging. It is mainly used in improving the visibility of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. Some types of contrast materials are used in a medical imaging examination and can be classified according to the imaging technique used. The first contract agent (Gadolinium) dates back to 1988 which is called gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist) and was allocated for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80695180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 screening at Emergency and Trauma Department, Sabah Women and Childrens Hospital, Malaysia","authors":"P. Moses, P. Cheah, T. Tey, Jacqueline Chung Ling Lau, M. Kadir, Evelyn Marie Steven, K. Ng, Lieh Yong Low, Phaik Kin Cheah","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP0PF3C.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP0PF3C.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Many cases of COVID-19 infections involved healthcare workers around the world. In Malaysia, healthcare workers accounted for 2% of the total infected cases. Among the healthcare workers, nurses were most infected. At the Sabah Women and Childrens Hospital, the number of swabs taken for HCWs between May and November 2020 aggregated to 7,476 swabs, from which 167 positive cases were detected.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78036544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E.L.S.A: E. coli Learning Suboptimal Acclimatization","authors":"A. Ganju, R. Kulkarni, M. Powar, M. Sreepadmanabh, Rucha Kulkarni, Shinto James, Yashna Khakre, Ramesh Adakkattil, Siddhant Shetty, Kallol Mozumdar, Pradyumna Harlapur, Shreeya Raich, D. Mondhe, Shubhankar Dash, Saloni Chopra, Prajwal Bharadwaj, Kritjgnan Bhardwaj, Prerita Chawla, Tushar N. Patel, Talha Khan","doi":"10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppmewlw.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppmewlw.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Low intrinsic stability has marred the production of psychrophilic proteins in commonly used mesophilic systems. This may lead to a lopsided bias towards the expression of the few psychrophilic proteins which can manage a stable structure at those temperatures. Of the two possible approaches to help counterpoise the expression in favour of most psychrophilic proteins, the approach we have taken is to develop a new psychrophilic host. Rather than characterizing novel strains, we plan on converting a highly characterized system in synthetic biology, E.coli, by introducing genes that confer cold-tolerance to it thereby reducing dependency on regular mesophilic hosts and possibly making it the model system for cold temperature-based systems.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84039598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deleting Neurons: A closer look at Synaptic Pruning","authors":"Anjali Sharma, Bhavya Sootha","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP8ZOND.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP8ZOND.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The overproduction of neural elements, including neurons, axons, and synapses, is a tool commonly used in developmental neuroscience to reconstruct nervous systems. This generation and maturation of these neuronal synapses are accompanied by a so-called \"pruning\" process, marking a peak in synapse elimination (synaptic pruning) which is a final stage in the development of the human brain. Analogous to cleaning up of the brain, synaptic pruning eliminates extra neurons and synaptic connections to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions along with eliminating weaker synaptic contacts while stronger connections are kept and strengthened. Brain plasticity is a result of this neural \"pruning\"; neurons that are more frequently activated are preserved, while those forming weaker synaptic contacts are \"trimmed away.\" Research in zebrafish and rat models have shown pruning occurring in about 80 per cent of the synapses, barring the largest ones. These larger synapses were found to be associated with the most stable and crucial memories residing in the brain. Recent studies indicate that glial cells(microglia and astrocytes) play a critical role in synaptic pruning, mediated by a set of signalling pathways between neurons and glia, identifying and removing unnecessary neural connections. This loss of redundant pathways may explain the arduous task of recovering from a traumatic brain injury; eliminating synaptic redundancies diminishes our ability to develop alternative pathways to bypass the damaged regions. Brain imaging and postmortem anatomical studies have pointed to insufficient or excessive synaptic pruning that may underlie several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. In this review, we explore the brains innate delete button and present current data on the mechanisms of glial-cell-dependent synaptic pruning by outlining their potential contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster for an Organic Fertilizer","authors":"K. Perera","doi":"10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPJILX1.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPJILX1.V1","url":null,"abstract":"This poster was actually designed for the academic project known as the Entrepreneurship Based Project which launchedin the Faculty of Management and Finance University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The Project is a part of the Bachelor of Business Administration Degree program at the University. The Poster shows the benefits of Organic fertilizer products.","PeriodicalId":21568,"journal":{"name":"ScienceOpen Posters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78269995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}