Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK最新文献

{"title":"Application of Polymer Materials and Additive Technologies in Electrical Equipment of the Agro-Industrial Complex","authors":"R. Kazberov","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-51-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-51-55","url":null,"abstract":"Additive polymer technologies are widely used in the agro-industrial complex. Modeling by the method of layer-by-layer deposition is in demand today. The most popular polymer materials for FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) / FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) printing are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamide PA-6 and polymer composites based on them. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the prospects of using additive polymer technologies in agriculture, taking real cases as a basis. (Materials and methods). The article presents the analyze of open information sources. Author used methods of collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information, considered real cases carried out with the use of the material and technical base of the FNAC VIM. (Results and discussion) The domestic market of polymer materials and composites based on them for 3D printing using FDM/FFF technology is not as diverse as similar for traditional methods of processing plastics and composite materials (injection molding, extrusion, pressing and others). The reason for this is the lack of knowledge of 3D printing technologies, in particular, FDM/FFF technology, as a method of plastics processing. The main factor in the development of additive polymer technologies in the agro- industrial complex is the growing demand for the use of 3D printing. The article proves the effectiveness of the application with real cases made as a result of the close work of several research laboratories of FNAC VIM. (Conclusions) Additive manufacturing has great potential for further development, including within the agro-industrial complex. FDM/FFF technology and additive polymer technologies in general perfectly complement traditional production technologies.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133095357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of an Alkaline Solution in Different Concentrations on 3D Printed PETG Plastic Specimens","authors":"V. Slavkina","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-75-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-75-81","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the most common 3D printing technology is FDM. Its essence lies in the construction of the part by applying molten material within the contour layer by layer. The advantages of this method over other 3D printing technologies are the simplicity of the process, the availability of equipment and materials, and their wide range, which allows you to vary the properties of the product. Author considered the use of 3D printing using FDM technology for the manufacture of an experimental model of a hydrocyclone. Hydrocyclones are used in modern sprinklers as a filtration system. With their help, water with abrasive substances and various impurities and with the initial content of suspended solids is filtered. The material for hydrocyclone must have high abrasive and chemical resistance. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in to investigate the possibilities of using 3D printing for the manufacture of a hydrocyclone of the sprinkler machine. (Materials and methods) The resistance of PETG plastic to the action of potassium- based fertilizers, the effect of alkali on the hardness of the material and its mechanical destruction were studied. (Results and discussion) The article presents the results of experimental studies of the exposure of samples in the working fluid. The exposure of samples in the working fluid leads to destruction with a slight mechanical impact associated with the removal of excess moisture before weighing. (Conclusions) The effect of KOH solution in different concentrations on PETG plastic does not lead to a change in its volume and mass (the polymer does not shrink and does not swell). The strength characteristics of this material have not been fully studied and require further analysis and testing.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133367916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of Modeling and Automated Control of Photopolymerization Processes","authors":"T. Chumbadze, N. Filippenko, A. Livshits, E. Farzaliev, V. Bychkovskiy","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"The use of polymers in the agro-industrial complex has increased over the past decades. This is due to their use as structural materials in equipment for processing, storage and preparation of agricultural products. The article presents the overview of the state of existing control systems for the process of predicted polymerization, a literary and patent analysis of the presented mathematical models of chemical polymerization reactions. There are considered the methods of control of the processes of design, manufacture, modeling and construction of automated control systems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the promising directions for the development and research of the designing materials and products made of photopolymers with predetermined structural properties. (Materials and methods) The article presents software complexes for modeling polymer materials, algorithms and mathematical models of polymerization. Authors used a literary and patent review in the study. (Results and discussion) The analyze of the program complexes for modeling polymer materials shows that in an explicit, visualized form, the process of creating photopolymers with specified design parameters is not represented in them. The analysis of a typical technological process as an object of management was carried out using the example algorithm of a specific production unit, and have established the possibility of improving existing automated control systems for it. The article describes the possibility of constructing an automated control system for the technological process of photopolymerization, stabilization of physico-chemical processes in the production of polymer products. (Conclusions) The actual tasks of further research is creating a software package for modeling materials with specified structural properties; mathematical apparatus for calculating and modeling photopolymerization processes; construction of automated control systems for technological processes of manufacturing products from photopolymer structural materials.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"48 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132757650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production Tests of a Grain-Cleaning Machine with Software and Hardware Control as Part of a Technological Line","authors":"M. Moskovskiy, V. Khamuev, S. Gerasimenko, S. Borzenko, N. G. Kynev","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-112-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-112-117","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of seeds is one of the most important factors of the good harvest. According to the State Seed Inspection of the Russian Federation, often up to half of the seed material does not meet the requirements of the standard; a significant part is due to the increased content of difficult-to-separate impurities. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the main agrotechnical performance indicators of the designed grain cleaning machine VIM-4 for cleaning flax seeds as part of a typical production technological line for cleaning agricultural crops. (Materials and methods) There were conducted experimental studies based on the “SPRING FIELD” company of the Tula region using a typical grain cleaning line for cleaning flax. The line includes: a blockage pit, a belt conveyor, band elevator, Petkus K-218, MS-10/5, a gate device, a new grain cleaning machine VIM-4, a hardware and software module. The experiment was planned using the method of active experiment planning. Experiments were carried out using a compiled planning matrix, including the main parameters: flow, air flow velocity, diameter of the outlet pipe. The results were processed by methods of mathematical statistics and by means of Excel computer programs. (Results and discussion) The main performance indicators of the new VIM-4 grain- cleaning machine were evaluated in comparison with the basic version of the VIM-3 for cleaning flax seeds. (Conclusions) The article presents the comparative technical and economic results of the VIM-4 grain- cleaning machine and the VIM-3 model variant. The developed grain cleaning machine VIM-4 as part of the grain cleaning line for final seed cleaning has high technological reliability and resource-energy efficiency. The VIM-4 grain cleaning machine is universal. In the conditions of the technological line VIM-4 can functionally replace a line of two machines – the main and final cleaning.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129564380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Areas of Breeding Seeders Development","authors":"P. Elizarov","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-124-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-124-130","url":null,"abstract":"Seeding is a fundamental process in selection, since accuracy in conducting a field experiment begins with it. Therefore, researchers give increased requirements to the sowing. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to summarize the data on the main technologies of selective sowing in the context of various specific elements of selection, such as seed loading device, seeding apparatus and control systems. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analysis of the selection seeders currently available on the former USSR and Europe with an attempt to classify them according to five main parameters: methods of sowing and loading seeds into the seeding apparatus, aggregation with power equipment, type of drive of the seeding apparatus and the seeding control system. (Results and discussion) The most noticeable development of selective seeding was in the improvement of the drive type, the transition from mechanical drive of sowing machines to electric, and in the evolution of seeding control systems from mechanical to digital. The methods of sowing, seed loading and aggregation have not changed fundamentally in 40 years. As before, many models of seeders with a cone seeding apparatus are produced on a par with dotted seeders, and seed loading through funnels and a cassette table received minimal changes. (Conclusions) The further development of selective sowing goes in the direction of moving away from ordinary sowing and moving only to dotted through the improvement of control systems, accurate position determination using RTK global navigation satellite systems. This would improve the control accuracy of the electric drive of the sowing machines, obtain additional data on the location of each plot, increase the sowing speed, increase accuracy and reduce the cost of laying field experience.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129864199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview Analysis of Technological Equipment of Greenhouses, the Efficiency of which Depends on the Quality of Power Supply","authors":"V. Ukhanova","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-82-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-82-87","url":null,"abstract":"Most of Russia is a zone of risky farming. This includes several federal districts: North-Western, Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern. Therefore, the crop production industry in protected soil is very widespread in the country and not only in these regions. The share of domestically produced vegetables, especially greenhouse vegetables, is growing from year to year. For example, the percentage of cucumbers produced in greenhouses exceeded 85 percent. Protected soil enterprises are the most energy-intensive industries, since all technological processes are more related to energy consumption: maintaining a microclimate (heating in the cold season, air cooling in the hot season), lighting, irradiation, watering. The quality and cost of manufactured products largely depends on the share of electricity costs. Therefore, the quality of energy supply is one of the pressing issues affecting the efficiency of the enterprise. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to analyze the impact of the quality of electricity supply on the technological equipment of greenhouses, to compile a list of technological equipment most affected by the quality of electricity supply. (Materials and methods) The article presents an overview analysis of the effect of electric power deviations on the efficiency of technological equipment in greenhouses. (Results and discussion) The averaged dependences of equipment power consumption depends on climatic conditions and daylight duration. (Conclusions) It is necessary to conduct detailed studies in order to develop recommendations to reduce the risks of poor-quality power supply of greenhouse plants. The use of renewable energy sources for alternative and combined energy supply is promising.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115253234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the Use of Digital Technologies in the Work of a Poultry Zootechnician","authors":"A. N. Sudakov","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-95-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-95-102","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization of technological processes makes it possible to optimize the cost for the poultry products. The low level of digitalization in determining the state of the poultry livestock is due to a significant amount of organoleptic research in the work of a zootechnician-poultry breeder. The absence of numerical indicators of controlled parameters entails a subjective assessment, limits the amount of information when transmitting data via electronic communication channels, complicates the process of training specialized personnel, reduces the efficiency of resources consumed (feed, heat and electricity, and others). (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the prospects of digitalization of the functions of zootechnics in the optimization of technological processes of poultry farming. (Materials and methods) For the research, there were used documentary research, data analysis, and search experiments. (Results and discussion) The shortcomings of existing methods of determining the quality and comfort of livestock maintenance and its condition were revealed by the example of current recommendations on the content of highly productive meat of cross chickens. The following components of keeping poultry have the potential for optimization: maintaining the microclimate in the poultry house, veterinary care, wages, repair of fixed assets. The large amounts of digital data obtained by instrumental means for monitoring zootechnical indicators of poultry have the wide using possibilities. (Conclusions) The article presents a list of technical analogues of organoleptic control methods based on the use of thermal imaging equipment, video analytics, acoustic sensors, indirect signs using traditional technical control data. The article proposes an algorithm for processing large data arrays, which allows to increase the optimization of technological processes. Described modern technical solutions in the field of agricultural automation have wide prospectives.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127199031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device for Remote and Mobile Monitoring of Electrical Grids of Agricultural Facilities","authors":"A. Bukreev","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"The main methods that are used in the process of energy inspection of agricultural facilities include instrumental inspection of both the electrical grid of the enterprise as a whole and individual technological processes, electrical devices and electrical equipment. The instrumental survey allows you to get diagrams of the electrical load, record the consumption of electrical energy and investigate the main parameters of the electric grid on the enterprise at its different points. It is desirable to carry out such measurements without disconnecting the electrical devices, as this can lead to losses for the enterprise. The available instruments and complexes do not allow remote monitoring of the operating parameters of the electrical grid, are not adapted for long-term measurements in the conditions of agricultural facilities. Permanently installed metering devices, monitoring devices do not provide the necessary mobility during the energy audit. It is required to develop devices for remote and mobile measurement of operating parameters electrical grid of agricultural facilities. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a device for remote and mobile measurement of operating parameters of electric grid of agricultural facilities. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analysis of literature sources, the analysis of existing means for measuring electrical energy parameters. (Results and discussion) The existing methods and technical means that allow for the study of the parameters of the operating modes of electric networks are not adapted to long-term measurements in the conditions of agricultural facilities, since they have low protection from the environment and a high cost. The article presents the developed device schematics and an experimental sample. Its tests were conducted verifying the accuracy of measurements and the correctness of the specified functions. (Conclusions) A device has been developed for remote and mobile measurement of operating parameters of electrical grid of agricultural facilities. Based on the test results, the operability of the developed device was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133151788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Energy-Resource-Saving Plants for Disinfection of Soil and Substrate","authors":"Irina G. Pospelova, Ivan V. Vosmishchev, I. Vladykin","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-3-8","url":null,"abstract":"The soil is a favorable environment for many microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, fungal spores, insect eggs due to the presence of nutrients and moisture in it. Soil treatment from pests and pathogens of agricultural crops for the purpose of disinfection can be carried out by chemical, energy, thermal and biological methods. The most common method is thermal. The article proposes to use infrared heating as an alternative energy source. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing energy-resource- saving installations for disinfection of soil and substrate. (Materials and methods) The article presents three devices and their capabilities for disinfection of soil and substrate with infrared radiation. (Results and discussion) One of the options for progressive scientific and technical developments is the development of software management of soil and substrate disinfection for the implementation of energy-saving electrical technologies, which regulates parameters depending on the set values: heating time, height of the frame with IR burners above the ground, humidity, porosity, soil temperature, ambient temperature and power of infrared burners. (Conclusions) During the analysis of the state and prospects for the tillage before planting, the need for the development of scientifically based devices for disinfection of soil and substrate was justified. The proposed use of software control of soil and substrate disinfection will allow setting and maintaining the required level of treatment depending on the technological process, type of soil, open or closed ground. The use of an automatic disinfection control system will make it possible to achieve optimal processing parameters and increase productive indicators.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127786248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Educational and Research Poultry Laboratory with Remote Access","authors":"A. N. Sudakov, E. Andrianov, Aleksandr V. Zakabunin, Oksana A. Lipa","doi":"10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-88-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-88-94","url":null,"abstract":"Training of specialists is the most important stage of technological renewal of the agricultural industry in Russia. The introduction of remote access technologies in the learning process serves as a response to the growth of digitalization of production and allows for the implementation of distance learning programs. Poultry laboratories and experimental farms with remote access are currently unavailable for educational and research purposes. The solution may be to create a model laboratory of digital poultry farming. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying and systematization of the domestic and foreign experience in creating laboratories with remote access paying attention to the possibility of its application by specialists for the development of a poultry laboratory with remote access. (Materials and methods) The article reviews the documentary studies of the current state of remote access technologies. Authors conducted search experiments and analyzed the obtained data. (Results and discussion) The laboratories of a technical orientation with remote access are widely represented in Russia and abroad, whose experience can be partially used. They provided links to existing laboratories and materials on their development. At the first stage, it was proposed to use low-budget schemes for organizing remote access based on video surveillance systems and microcontrollers. A simple way to organize remote access is video surveillance with the placement of instrument screens in the field of view of the camera. The Smart Home technology can be used to organize two-way remote access. The article presents the results of an experiment using microcontrollers as a local server with information output to a remote server. (Conclusions) Poultry breeding laboratories with remote access are promising in the study of specialties: private animal husbandry, agricultural mechanization, electrical engineering, veterinary medicine and zoopsychology, they expand the opportunities of remote students.","PeriodicalId":215527,"journal":{"name":"Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122964973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}