Scandinavian Journal of Urology最新文献

{"title":"Risk of Achilles tendon rupture following single-dose ciprofloxacin use in transrectal prostate biopsies.","authors":"Michaela Runnaes, Erik Lampa, Johan Styrke, Karl-Johan Lundström","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45649","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the risk of Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) following single-dose ciprofloxacin prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe 5.0), we analysed 44,959 prostate biopsy exposures versus 662,520 non-exposures to assess the risk of ATR. Prostate biopsy served as a proxy for quinolone use, with single-dose ciprofloxacin being the recommended and most extensively documented prophylaxis in Sweden for this procedure. The outcome was ATR in men who underwent a biopsy compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate of ATR was 60.46 per 100,000 person-years in the no-biopsy group, compared to 62,77 per 100,000 person-years in the biopsy group. The multivariable analysis yielded a hazard ratio of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83-1.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transrectal prostate biopsy was not associated with an elevated risk of Achilles tendon rupture. This provides some evidence against single-dose ciprofloxacin being a relevant risk factor for this outcome, but there is remaining uncertainty related to study limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications and clinical outcomes of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer in a centralized population-based cohort in Sweden: insights from SWENOTECA.","authors":"Anna Thor, Anna Grenabo Bergdahl, Armin Abniki, Axel Gerdtsson, Ingrid Glimelius, Martin Hellström, Anna K Jansson, Berglind Johannsdottir, Torgrim Tandstad, Gabriella Cohn-Cedermark, Anders Kjellman, Per-Olof Lundgren","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45743","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testicular germ cell cancer is a complex procedure associated with postoperative complications and long-term morbidity, best performed by experienced surgeons at high-volume centers. This study evaluates surgical outcomes of RPLND in a centralized population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort of all RPLNDs in Sweden between 2018 and 2022. 217 patients (175 nonseminomas and 42 seminomas) underwent unilateral or bilateral primary RPLND or post-chemotherapy RPLND. Primary outcomes were complications, loss of ejaculation, and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraoperative complications occurred in 8% of unilateral and 0% of bilateral templates in primary RPLND, and in 0 and 8% in post-chemotherapy RPLND, most commonly renal injury. Postoperative complications rate was significantly higher with bilateral templates in post-chemotherapy RPLND (49% vs 18%, p < 0.01). Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIb complications occurred in 2 (primary) and 3% (post-chemotherapy), respectively. Loss of ejaculation was numerically more common after bilateral templates (primary: 60% vs 31%, p = 0.07; post-chemotherapy: 53% vs 38%, p = 0.09). Viable cancer was found in 95% of seminomas and 52% of nonseminomas for primary RPLND and in nonseminoma post-chemotherapy RPLND, 11% viable cancer, 50% teratoma, and 39% benign nodes. Robotic surgery did not increase complications or loss of ejaculation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RPLND demonstrated low complication rates and rare serious events. Bilateral templates were associated with increased loss of ejaculation. Robotic surgery was safe, and prior chemotherapy did not preclude laparoscopy. Post-chemotherapy RPLND showed more teratoma and viable cancer, and fewer benign findings than previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical application of transurethral resection/electrocautery for urethral hemangiomas: two centers retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jian-Feng Huang, Rong-Hua Wu, Jin-Chun Qi, Tao Guo, Fan He, Yan-Yang Jin, Liang Liu","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45577","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transurethral resection/electrocautery for the treatment of urethral hemangiomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from patients who underwent transurethral resection/electrocautery for urethral hemangiomas at two medical institutions between August 2018 and July 2025. Perioperative data, short-term and long-term complications, and tumor recurrence were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 42 patients were included in this study. All patients successfully underwent surgical treatment without any intraoperative complications and residual tumor. The procedures were completed in a median operative length of 10 min (interquartile range [IQR]: 10-15 min) and a median blood loss volume of 20 mL (IQR: 10-20 mL). Most patients (n = 39, 92%) presented multiple lesions, with a median size of 4 mm (IQR: 3-4 mm). The lesion range of the 31 patients (74%) was more than one-half of the circumferential diameter in cystourethroscopy. Postoperative complications occurred in five patients (12%), primarily consisting of difficult urination (n = 4, 10%) and gross hematuria (n = 1, 2%). The median follow-up times were 12.0 months (IQR: 8.0-38.5 months), and one patient developed recurrence 4 months after surgery. Long-term complications, such as urethral stricture, urinary incontinence, and retrograde ejaculation, were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transurethral resection/electrocautery provides a safe, effective, and feasible treatment for urethral hemangiomas, delivering swift hemostasis with very low rates of complications and recurrence. Although this study included the largest sample size currently available worldwide, the findings still need additional validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number of risk factors versus infection after transrectal prostate biopsy: a nationwide population-based study.","authors":"Joakim Örtegren, Olof Elvstam, Kimia Kohestani, Henrik Kjölhede, Johan Styrke, Pär Stattin, Anders Berglund, Ola Bratt","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45581","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is unknown how risk factors for infection after transrectal prostate biopsy interact. We designed a study to evaluate this.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified biopsy procedures from 2006 to 2020 in the Swedish nationwide database PCBaSe. Primary outcome was post-biopsy infection, defined as a dispensed prescription of a urinary tract antibiotic and secondary outcome was inpatient care for infection both within 30 days. Risk factors were age, diabetes, medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs), prostate enlargement, immunosuppressives, corticosteroids, and defined antibiotic exposure during the past 1-12 months. When analysing risk in men with several risk factors clinically related factors were grouped as urinary tract infection (UTI)-antibiotics, treatment of LUTS, immunosuppressives including corticosteroids, and diabetes. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139,056 transrectal prostate biopsy procedures were analysed. The grouped risk factors were significantly associated with post-biopsy infection (multivariable ORs: 1.22-1.72). Infection increased with number of risk factors; none: 4.0% (95% CI: 3.8-4.1), one: 6% (95% CI: 5.9-6.4), two: 10% (95% CI: 9.3-11), and three or four: 12% (95% CI: 9.8-14); inpatient care increased from 2.0% (95% CI: 1.9-2.1) to 3.1% (95% CI: 2.2-4.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection risk after transrectal prostate biopsy incrementally increases with the number of risk factors.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>The transrectal biopsy route should be used with caution for patients with several risk factors for post-biopsy infections.</p><p><strong>Patient summary: </strong>Diabetes, urinary symptoms, previous urinary infection, and immune suppressing medication increase the risk of infection after a prostate biopsy through the rectum. Patients with many of these conditions have a particularly high risk. What does the study add? We used nationwide register data to estimate the infection risk after transrectal prostate biopsy by the number of these risk factors: diabetes, medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms, immunosuppressives including corticosteroids, and use of urinary tract antibiotics the past year. The risk incrementally increased from 4.0% in men with no risk factor to 12% in those with 3 or 4.</p><p><strong>Take home message: </strong>Infection after transrectal prostate biopsy increases with number of risk factors: diabetes, medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms, immunosuppressives including corticosteroids, and use of urinary tract antibiotics the past year, from 4.0% (none) to 12% (3 or 4).</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular torsion Point-based Assessment and Imaging tool - identifying Need for Surgical exploration (TPAINS): a clinical algorithm for detecting testicular torsion.","authors":"Nathalie Dahlgren, Gustav Sundström, Charlotta Nilsson, Magnus Wagenius","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45578","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Testicular torsion (TT) is a medical emergency, difficult to identify solely through clinical evaluation. This study aims to develop an assessment algorithm with a safe lower threshold for complementary ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Males between 1 and 30 years of age assessed for suspected TT during the years 2019 - 2023 were retrospectively included. Clinical assessments were conducted by primarily nonurologists and ultrasounds by radiologists. An assessment algorithm named Testicular torsion Point-based Assessment and Imaging tool - identifying Need for Surgical exploration (TPAINS) was developed based on symptoms showing significant correlation with TT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 417 patients included, 68 (16%) were surgically explored and 33 (8%) diagnosed with TT. Six symptoms showing a significant association with TT were combined for the development of the algorithm TPAINS. With a cut-off value of ≥2 points, TPAINS showed a sensitivity of 100% (confidence interval, CI: [90, 100]), specificity 54% (CI [49 - 59]), and an AUC-value of 0.89 (95% CI [84 - 94]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study concludes that symptom-based evaluation, together with a low threshold for ultrasound, is a promising approach for the detection of TT. The developed algorithm, TPAINS, includes an ultrasound assessment and focuses on safe lower thresholds for further clinical actions - hoping for a reduced rate of unnecessary surgical explorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of testosterone therapy on prostate volume and LUTS in hypogonadal men: a retrospective study.","authors":"Peter Ströberg, Ramin Ghaffarpour, Börje Ljungberg, Johan Svensson","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45576","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Up to 20% of aging men have low serum testosterone (late-onset hypogonadism [LOH]), and approximately 80% develop benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) with increasing age. Both age and prostate size are linked to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on prostate volume and LUTS in men with LOH.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From 2004 to 2017, 511 men underwent annual checkups including physical examination, transrectal ultrasound, bladder scanning, serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (s-PSA), and serum testosterone and questionnaires on LUTS and LOH symptoms. None had prior treatments affecting prostate size or LUTS at baseline. During the annual follow-ups, 167 men (33%) were diagnosed with symptomatic LOH and received TRT. A longitudinal statistical model was used to compare periods with and without treatment regarding prostate growth, post-void residual urine, IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), quality of life (QoL), and s-PSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants contributed 3745 visits (median 7 per man), including 904 (24%) after testosterone initiation. TRT was associated with a mean increase in prostate growth rate of 0.22 mL/year compared with untreated periods (p = 0.023). No significant differences were observed in LUTS, QoL, or s-PSA between treated and untreated periods Conclusion: In ageing males with late-onset hypogonadism, testosterone replacement therapy was linked to a small but statistically significant increase in prostate growth rate without measurable effects on urinary symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"86-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147532087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal imaging in the diagnosis of acute testicular pain - results of a feasibility pilot study.","authors":"Lasse Hirvonen, Konrad Sopyllo, Juhani Rantakallio, Ilkka Paaso, Mika Raitanen","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45714","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of thermal imaging for the diagnosis of acute testicular pain. Pain is usually caused by infection, inflammation or torsion of the testis or testicular appendage. Diagnosis is based on examination, laboratory tests, and Doppler ultrasound (DU), which is investigator dependent and may cause delays. Thermal imaging is a fast and noninvasive method for measuring surface temperature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our 3-month pilot study investigated the feasibility of thermal imaging for the diagnosis of acute testicular pain. Eighteen consecutive patients were examined using a thermal camera.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two patients had testicular torsion (group 1), two had torsion of the testicular appendage (group 2), four had bacterial epididymitis (group 3), and 10 had inflammatory epididymitis (group 4). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) temperature differences between symptomatic and a reference asymptomatic testicles were -0.65 ± 0.57°C (range, -1.1 to -0.2°C), -0.15 ± 0.21°C (range, -0.3 to 0.0°C), +0.65 ± 0.25°C (range, +0.4 to +1.0°C), and +0.39 ± 0.87°C (range, -1.0 to +1.8°C) in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thermal imaging is a feasible, noninvasive method for evaluating acute testicular pain. It may serve as a rapid diagnostic tool, but its clinical value must be confirmed in large prospective trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical cystectomy practice patterns in the Nordic countries: results from the prospective NorCys study.","authors":"Tiia Venhomaa, Ilkka Nikulainen, Johannes Bobjer, Mats Bläckberg, Lasse Bro, Simone Buchardt Brandt, Otto Ettala, Knud Fabrin, Sigurdur Gudjonsson, Erik Skaaheim Haug, Mikael Högerman, Josephine M Hyldgaard, Tomas Jerlström, Peter Kirrander, Ilmari Koskinen, Gitte Lam, Markku J Leskinen, Fredrik Liedberg, Astrid Helene Livbjerg, Heikki Seikkula, Katharina Skovhus, Viveka Ströck, Grazvydas Tuckus, Ville Virta, Marie-Louise Vrang, Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen, Peter J Boström","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45602","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate. Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for MIBC and selected non-muscle invasive bladder -cancer (NMIBC) cases. The NorCys-study (NCT04523038, NCT04537221 and NCT04523025) aims to validate biomarkers predicting RC outcomes. This report describes RC practice patterns across the Nordic countries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective, multi-institutional study included bladder cancer patients undergoing RC with or without preoperative chemotherapy in all five Nordic countries from 5/2020 to 1/2025. Clinical and pathological data were collected prospectively into REDCap database and analysed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank sum and Pearson's Chi-squared tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,642 patients from 15 centres were enrolled. Of these, 35% (531) had clinical NMIBC (T1-Tis-Ta), and 65% (999) had cT2-4 disease. Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 398/929 (43%) cT2-4 or node-positive patients. The most common neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens were gemcitabine - cisplatin (GC) (275/475 [58%]) and dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (dd-MVAC) (144/475 [30%]). Robot-assisted RC was the most common surgical approach administered in 886 of 1,472 (60%) cases, with variation between centres. Ileal conduit was the predominant diversion method in 1,375 out of 1,465 cases (94%). Median surgical time was 322 min, blood loss was 300 mL and hospital stay was 9 days. Final pathology demonstrated pT0 in 29%, ≥pT2 in 43% and lymph node metastases 203 (17%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reports current RC practices amongst Nordic countries. Patient cohorts did not differ between countries, and although the practices were generally similar, some differences were noted in chemotherapy regimens, the use of robotic-assisted surgery and rates of early RC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide population-based longitudinal data on magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate and subsequent prostate biopsy results.","authors":"Eugenio Ventimiglia, Rolf Gedeborg, Marcus Westerberg, Paolo Zaurito, Fredrik Jäderling, Pär Stattin, Hans Garmo","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45540","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for prostate cancer (Pca) diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment planning. However, large-scale observational studies require structured MRI data, which are often only obtainable from free-text reports. We aimed to extract information from narrative prostate MRI reports and to describe subsequent biopsy outcomes in a nationwide population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified 108,361 prostate MRI examinations in Prostate Cancer database Sweden with extended treatments and endpoints data (PCBase Xtend) performed in 2015-2023. A rule-based text recognition algorithm was created and used to extract Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score and prostate volume from free-text MRI reports. Extracted data were validated against manually extracted information in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). We examined biopsy rates and Gleason score according to PI-RADS, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) density, and calendar year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of reports with identifiable PI-RADS scores increased from 38% in 2015-2016 to 83% in 2022-2023, with excellent agreement with NPCR data (correlation coefficient r = 0.94). Extracted prostate volumes correlated well with those in NPCR (r = 0.88). Biopsy rates decreased for PI-RADS 3 lesions over time, particularly in men with PSA density < 0.15 ng/ml/ml, while the proportion of men with PI-RADS 5 lesions who underwent biopsy increased. Almost all prostate cancers in men with PI-RADS 3 lesions were Gleason 6 or 7 (3+4). Gleason 9-10 was almost exclusively found in PI-RADS 5 lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automated extraction of information from unstructured MRI reports is feasible and accurate. The observed temporal trends reflecting increasing quality and standardization of prostate MRI support its use in large-scale epidemiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with CernitinTM of induced urinary bladder inflammation downregulates relevant pro-inflammatory biomarkers - an experimental in vivo rodent model.","authors":"Nishtman Dizeyi, Celine Augé, Philippe Lluel, Magnus Grabe","doi":"10.2340/sju.v61.45606","DOIUrl":"10.2340/sju.v61.45606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder is associated with the bladder pain syndrome. The treatment alternatives in humans are far from satisfactory and need further attention. Well-established preclinical models have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the progress of the inflammatory response behind pain and hyperalgesia. Previously presented results indicate that treatment with CernitinTM pollen extracts active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (Cernitin GBX and Cernitin T60) significantly alleviated pain in cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder inflammation in a rodent model through downregulation of PGD2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediators when compared to the vehicle alone. The objective was to extend the original study by exploring the correlation between the two APIs and cytokines expression and to identify a possible biomarker pattern.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The Olink® Target 48 Mouse Cytokine assay was conducted on the homogenised tissue extracts of the bladder wall with induced inflammation from a previous study to identify the potential impacts on protein biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test revealed that treatment with the APIs significantly downregulated the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and with trend to significance the biomarkers IL-12 α, β, CCL4 and fibroblast growth factor 21 when administered in combination (GBX+T60) or each component alone, compared to vehicle controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified seven cytokines that were significantly or markedly reduced. The results suggest that CernitinTM APIs impact a series of key pro-inflammatory biomarkers demonstrating an ability to restrain inflammation. Therefore, they warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21542,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology","volume":"61 ","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}