Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Time-dependent oscillation of pre-MiRNAs, mature MiRNAs and MiRNA targets in tomato plants subjected to varying abiotic stress conditions","authors":"Afsar Raza Naqvi ,&nbsp;Samia Haseeb Khan ,&nbsp;Deepti Mittal ,&nbsp;Huda Alshaya ,&nbsp;Mohsin Kazi ,&nbsp;Maryam Sarwat","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Miniature non-coding RNAs known as MicroRNAs (MiRNA) are transcribed from their independent genes. MiRNAs bind to and regulate various transcripts. They have been linked to a number of biological processes ranging from organ growth, senescence, and pathogen response. We used model crop tomato to study how miRNA genes respond to a variety of abiotic stress, e.g. salt, drought and cold temperature. Precursor-miRNA (pre-miR) levels of six highly conserved plant miRNAs were monitored over 24 h time period. Expression of pre-miR159, −160, −162 and −397 were induced, while pre-miR171a and −319 levels were down regulated as a reaction to a variety of stress treatments. The expression profiles related to miRNA precursors exhibit unique expression pattern to the stress subjected. We followed expression of three mature miRNAs, namely, miR159, miR160 and miR171 upon stress treatment and these exhibited expression profiles similar to their corresponding precursors. Moreover, modulation in mature miRNA levels affected expression of their target transcripts. Prediction of promoter sequences of various tomato pre-miRNAs revealed several <em>cis</em>-elements that may have functional consequence on the gene expression as a consequence of stress. Together, these findings indicate that miRNA genes are sensitive to stress induced due to abiotic factors (climatic stress caused due to drought and cold as well as salt). They demonstrated drastic expression changes to most of the stress examined, a strategy to fine tune transcriptome in a time-efficient manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of grain quality traits in rice under normal and water deficit condition","authors":"Mohamed S. Abd El-Aty ,&nbsp;Youssef S. Katta ,&nbsp;Abd El Moaty. B. El- Abd ,&nbsp;Samiha.M. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Omar M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Asal M. Wali ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El-Shehawi ,&nbsp;Mona M. Elseehy ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Amira M. El-Tahan","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this study was to assess the combining ability for rice grain quality to recognize the most desirable genotypes for rice breeding programs. A half diallel cross was made among eight rice genotypes. The obtained 28 F1 and their parents were evaluated in two separate irrigation experiments; the first experiment was irrigated every four days (normal condition). The second experiment was irrigated every ten days (a stress condition). The two experiments were designed in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that water deficit treatment significantly reduced all the studied traits except for amylose content % was increased under stressed treatments. General combining ability mean squares were highly significant for all the studied features except gelatinization temperature under drought irrigation. Specific combining ability mean squares were highly significant for grain elongation % under both conditions and amylose content % under water deficit; this indicates the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects in the inheritance of these traits. Two crosses<strong>,</strong> Sakha106 × Sakha107 and Sakha106 × Sakha108 had the highest desirable mean values for hulling (%), milling (%), head rice, and gelatinization temperature, also lowest amylose content under both conditions. Three crosses, Giza 179 X Sakha 107, Giza 179 X Sakha 108, and Sakha 106 X Sakha 108, had the highest mean values of grain elongation % under both conditions. The cross Sakha107 × sakha108 showed highly significant positive desirable SCA effects for hulling (%) milling (%) gelatinization temperature and grain elongation. The varieties Sakha 107 and Sakha108 were the best general combiners and could be used in breeding programs for improving all the studied traits under both conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44324092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychromatism in adult Deroplax silphoides (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) and a morphological examination of the immature stages","authors":"Shaimaa Farag ,&nbsp;Khaled A. Alakeel ,&nbsp;Sohair GadAllah ,&nbsp;Mohamed Nasser ,&nbsp;Mohammed Okely ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed ,&nbsp;Soliman M. Soliman ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Saad ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Sara Al Ashaal","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polychromatism is a very common phenomenon in several insect orders. Adults of <em>Deroplax silphoides</em> show color variation in their bodies. In such cases, the identification of the immature stages is challenging and misleading. The field collection of adults and immature stages was conducted on the campus of Ain Shams University during the active period of the insect in 2019. Nineteen pronotal and scutellar macular patterns in addition to fifteen patterns of abdominal sternal variation in the color variation and size of the stridulatory area in <em>D. silphoides</em> adult were reported for the first time. In addition, the variation was observed in the shape, size and placement of eggs masses on <em>Dodonaea viscosa</em> commonly called 'sticky hop bush'. The main morphological features and an identification key for the five nymphal instars of this species are also provided for the first time through this work. The proportions of antennal and rostral segments and the degree of scutellum and wing pad development provide excellent characters for distinguishing the five nymphal instars. This work forms a basis for further investigation of such diversity at the molecular level and provides an insight into this phenomenon in the fascinating insect world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44492957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of two lytic bacteriophages against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Nahed A. EL-Wafai ,&nbsp;Mayasar I.Al-zaban ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sara A.T. EL-Ged ,&nbsp;Victor S. Bedrous ,&nbsp;Mamdouh A. A. Mousa ,&nbsp;Behairy A. Akl","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two phages were isolated from agricultural wastewater and soil were designated as Ps1 and Ps2. Host rang was restricted to <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp<em>.</em> The two phages were biologically characterized as belonging to Caudovirales, family Siphoviridae. Head diameters were 89.5 nm, 119 nm and the tails length were measured 230 and 112 nm for Ps1 and Ps2, respectively. Latent period was 15 min for both phages and rise period was 20 min for both phages. Burst sizes were 256 and 285 phage forming unit PFU/cell for Ps1 and Ps2 phages, respectively. Ps1 and Ps2 were completely inactivated after incubation at 84°C for 10 min, but were tolerant to alkaline as well as acidic reactions<strong>.</strong> Longevity <em>in vitro</em> (LIV) of Ps1 was 24 and 17 days at 22 ± 2 °C for Ps1 and Ps2, respectively. The RAPD-PCR results of Ps1 and Ps2 were 29 and 32 bands, respectively. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> infected Nile talipa fish (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) showed hemorrhages on the body surface, tail and fin rot, ulcerative skin, superficial ulcers, and full mortality through 14 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48325934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The alarming coincidence of toxin genes with staphylococcal cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) in clinical MRSA isolates","authors":"Christiana Rezk Bottros Youssef,&nbsp;Ashraf Ahmed Kadry,&nbsp;Amira Mohammed El-Ganiny","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections with high morbidity and mortality. MRSA isolates which harbor Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome <em>mec</em> (SCC<em>mec</em>) and express various types of toxins are the most serious strains. Type of SCC<em>mec</em> and common toxin genes (TGs) among MRSA isolates were investigated in the current study. SCC<em>mec</em> and TGs were detected by multiplex-PCR. Possible correlations between SCC<em>mec</em> and TGs were elucidated statistically using IBM-SPSS software. Staphylococcus-enterotoxins (SEs) were sequenced to investigate their genetic relatedness using Sanger-sequencing, and MEGAX software.</div><div>MRSA were detected in 124 isolates, 67 of MRSA isolates (54 %) were harboring a single SCC<em>mec</em> with 40, 21, 5 and 1 isolate for SCC<em>mec</em> II, SCC<em>mec</em> III, SCC<em>mec</em> IV, and SCC<em>mec</em> V, respectively. Furthermore, Four isolates (3.2 %) had both SCC<em>mec</em> II and SCC<em>mec</em> IV. The highest incidence of TGs was recorded for <em>sea (</em>40.3%) and <em>etb (</em>34.6%) genes. Statistically, moderate correlation between toxins and SCC<em>mec</em> type and between presence of toxin genes and severity of infections were detected. All SEs sequences were correlated, <em>sea</em> and <em>see</em> genes were more conserved. Isolates from serious cases revealed different degrees of nucleotide and amino acid substitution among <em>seb,</em> sec<em>,</em> and <em>tsst</em> genes, which might contribute to their increased virulence. This study improves our understanding of <em>S</em>. <em>aureus</em> toxin profile in relation to <em>SCCmec</em> type, and highlight their possible roles in virulence<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43792604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rhizobacteria and seed oils as eco-friendly agents against Meloidogyne incognita infested pepper plants under greenhouse and repeated applications field conditions","authors":"Ramadan M. El-Ashry ,&nbsp;Eman Hillal Althubaiti ,&nbsp;Shaza Y.A. Qattan ,&nbsp;El-Sayed M. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Nashwa Elshaer ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Gh. Farag ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Najah M. Albaqami ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El-Deeb","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proper soil management using rhizobacteria in combination with eco-friendly materials such as plant oils can considerably influence soil ecological processes through soil biota, resulting in changes in the structure and function of soil fauna. This work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of rhizobacteria and oils <em>in vitro</em> besides soil management under greenhouse and field circumstances against root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>. Commercial rhizobacteria and four seed oils plants including, <em>Colocynth</em>, (<em>Citrullus colocynthis</em> (L.), jojoba, (<em>Simmondsia chinensis</em>, Link) Schneid., moringa (<em>Moringa oleifera</em> Lam). and marjoram oil (<em>Origanum majorana</em> L.) were tested <em>in vitro</em> on eggs and J2 of <em>M. incognita</em> using egg immobility and hatchability assay, larvicidal assay, and <em>in vivo</em> under greenhouse and field conditions. Compared to the infected plants, significant effects (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) were observed in the tested oils stock solutions and recommended application rate (RC) of rhizobacteria versus eggs and J2 of <em>M. incognita in vitro</em>. Under greenhouse environment, curative application by oils and rhizobacteria significantly promoted fresh shoot, fresh root, weight and leaves count of pepper plants than the control. Rhizobacteria and oxamyl resulted in a significantly elevated plant root and shoot weight percent than other tested materials compared with infected plants. As well as, pots treated with rhizobacteria ranked next to oxamyl in decreasing galls number and egg masses, whereas pots treated with <em>O. majorana</em> showed the lowest nematicidal effect. Field evaluation of eco-friendly materials against <em>M. incognita</em> in naturally infected tomato plants revealed that repeated application by rhizobacteria and oils mixtures exhibited better results in declining galls numbers, egg masses, and J2 density in soil. These findings suggest that a possible mechanism by rhizobacteria and oils can manipulate plant plant-parasitic nematodes behaviour in field soils and potentially reduce nematodes damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar spray of potassium silicate, aloe extract composite and their effect on growth and yielding capacity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) under water deficit stress conditions","authors":"Nasr M. Abdou ,&nbsp;Fathy M.A. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Mohamed H.H. Roby ,&nbsp;Hayam A.A. Mahdy ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El-Shehawi ,&nbsp;Mona M. Elseehy ,&nbsp;Amira M. El-Tahan ,&nbsp;Hanan Abdalla ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Saad ,&nbsp;Alaa Idris Badawy AbouSreea","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants face various abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity during growing stages adversely affect their physiological and biological processes. The use of bioactive compounds could mitigate the detrimental effects of abiotic stresses. The experimental layout was a split split-plot system based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included three levels of potassium silicate (0, 3, and 6 cm L^-1 or 0, 12, and 24 l^-1 of K₂SiO₃ ha⁻¹) combined with three levels of <em>Aloe saponaria</em> L. extract (Ae) 0, 0.5, and 1% under two levels of irrigation regimes (IR70 and IR100; representing irrigation at 70 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration). The obtained results revealed that control roselle plants were adversely affected by drought, which recorded the lowest growth and yield parameters. Meanwhile, the exogenous addition of Ae and KSi significantly improved the growth and yield of deficit and full irrigated roselle plants. The foliar application of Ae (1%) and KSi (3 or 6 cm L^-1) under full irrigation led to a significant increase in growth and yield parameters of roselle. In addition, considerable enhancements in yield quality of roselle plants under deficit irrigation were recorded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the R2R3 MYB gene expression profile during tomato fruit development using in silico analysis, quantitative and semi-quantitative RT-PCR","authors":"Abdallah A. Hassanin ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Eldomiaty ,&nbsp;Javed Ahmed Ujjan ,&nbsp;Amina A.M. Al-Mushhin ,&nbsp;Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Saad ,&nbsp;Haifa Abdulaziz Sakit ALHaithloul ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Awad ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Z. Sitohy","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessment of gene expression is an essential and sensitive indicator of the biological activity and function of a certain gene. The expression profile of <em>R2R3 MYB</em> gene (<em>Solyc02g067760</em>) was investigated at ten development stages of tomato fruits (<em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em>) of Micro-Tom cultivar using three different approaches; quantitative RT-PCR, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and the promising Tomato Expression Atlas (TEA) bioinformatics tool. RNA was extracted from fruit tissues and used for synthesizing cDNA. Quantitative and semi-quantitative expression analyses of <em>R2R3 MYB</em> gene using specific primers consistently showed different expression patterns at the different development stages of tomato fruit. <em>R2R3 MYB</em> exhibited maximum expression at the anthesis stage, suggesting its potential involvement in the pollination and fruit set process. The gene expression was drastically reduced in all other studied stages after anthesis. In the same context, spatiotemporal expression of <em>R2R3 MYB</em> during the ten development stages of tomato fruit using TEA bioinformatics tool revealed a similar expression profile to that obtained by qRT-PCR and semi-qRT-PCR. Comparable results of the three approaches provide new insights into the assessment of tomato gene expression profiling in the presence of <em>Actin</em> gene (<em>Solyc04g011500</em>) as a normalizing expression reference. The obtained results confirm the potentially essential role of the <em>R2R3 MYB</em> in fruit set leading the future research into exploring techniques and stratify of overexpressing this gene in the relevant economic crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42423101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototoxicity of eosin yellow lactone and phloxine B photosensitizers against mosquito larvae and their associated predators","authors":"Randa I. Eltaly ,&nbsp;Shaimaa H. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Khaled A. Alakeel ,&nbsp;Hend H.A. Salem ,&nbsp;Azza Abdelfattah ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed ,&nbsp;Amira M. El-Tahan ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Saad ,&nbsp;Gawhara M.M. Abu El-Hassan ,&nbsp;Shaimaa M. Farag","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquito larvae and their predators were surveyed from different breeding sites in El-Fayoum Governorate. The physiochemical characters of water and environmental factors that effect on mosquito larvae were studied. Biochemical and toxicological effects of the two photosensitizing compounds; eosin yellow lactone and phloxine B (xanthene dye) were evaluated against the third instar larvae of the most dominant mosquito species and their predators. The surveyed results revealed the occurrence of six mosquito species in the study area: one aedine, <em>Aedes caspius</em>, two anopheline, <em>Anopheles pharoensis</em>, <em>An. sergenti</em>, and three culicines, <em>Culex pipien</em>, <em>Cx</em>. <em>antennatus</em>, and <em>Culiseta longiareolata</em>. The most dominant species was <em>Cx. pipiens</em> with a total number of 3571 larvae followed by <em>Ae. caspius</em> and <em>An. phareonsis</em> with a total number of 670, 452 collected larvae, respectively. The two commonly collected predators were <em>Pantala flavescens</em> (Odonata) and <em>Caenis macrura</em> (Ephemeroptera) naiads. The results explained that both eosin yellow and phloxine B can be used as larvicide. However, eosin was more efficient than phloxine against <em>Cx. pipiens</em> with LC₅₀ equal to (0.025 and 0.053 ppm) and <em>An. pharoensis</em> (0.023 and 0.016 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the phloxine was more effective than eosin against <em>Ae. caspius</em> (0.016 and 0.024 ppm, respectively. Also, the results investigated that phloxine was more efficient than eosin against <em>Cx. pipiens</em> in dark and there was a significant difference between their toxicity in sunlight and in the absence of direct light. In addition, phloxine was less toxic against <em>P. flavescens</em> than eosin with LC₅₀ of 1.822 and 1.044 ppm, respectively) and the mayfly (<em>C. macrura)</em> was more sensitive to the both photosensitizers with LC₅₀ equal to 0.003 and 0.006 ppm for eosin and phloxine, respectively. The biochemical studies indicated the increasing in the levels of glutathione S-transferase after treatment with eosin and phloxine and there is a significant decrease in peroxidase levels after treatment with both eosin and phloxine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostimulants improve the hepatoprotection of Ammi visnaga seed yield extract against carbon tetrachloride induced acute hepatitis in mice through modulation of MAPK","authors":"Dina Gad ,&nbsp;Hend E. Abo Mansour ,&nbsp;Khalil M. Saad-Allah ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Abdallah ,&nbsp;Aya Ibrahim Elberri ,&nbsp;Esraa M. Mosalam","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The liver is a vital organ that must be maintained healthy. Therefore, hepatoprotective agents deserve a big concern and exploring.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to enhance the yielded seed extract of <em>Ammi visnaga</em> by kinetin (KN) seed priming or asparagine (ASN) foliar spraying to explore the possibility of enhancing the hepatopritective effect against CCl₄-induced acute hepatitis in mice through modulation of MAPK pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>A. visnaga</em> seeds were primed with 300 mg/L KN and other seeds were sprayed foliarly with 200 mg/L ASN. The phytochemical and GC/MS analyses were conducted. Ethanolic extract was used to explore its hepatoprotective potential in mice that were grouped to five groups; normal control, CCl₄ control, CCl₄ + untreated <em>A. visnaga</em> seeds, CCl₄ + KN <em>A. visnaga</em> seeds, and CCl₄ + ASN <em>A. visnaga</em> seeds. Acute hepatitis was induced by CCl₄. Liver enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and MAPK proteins were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KN- and ASN- treated seeds increased number of inflorescences, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity over untreated seeds, but ASN surpassed KN. ASN produced new compounds that were not detected in the untreated seeds. Therefore, ASN remarkably decreased hepatotoxicity markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylated MAPK proteins with restoring of normal hepatic architecture compared to the untreated and KN seeds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Foliar application of ASN was superior to KN priming in increasing seed yield, enhancing the metabolomics profile of the produced seed yield, and improving the corresponding pharmacological activity mainly through suppression of MAPK pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 103190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55067771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}