Biostimulants improve the hepatoprotection of Ammi visnaga seed yield extract against carbon tetrachloride induced acute hepatitis in mice through modulation of MAPK

Abstract

Background

The liver is a vital organ that must be maintained healthy. Therefore, hepatoprotective agents deserve a big concern and exploring.

Objectives

We aimed to enhance the yielded seed extract of Ammi visnaga by kinetin (KN) seed priming or asparagine (ASN) foliar spraying to explore the possibility of enhancing the hepatopritective effect against CCl₄-induced acute hepatitis in mice through modulation of MAPK pathway.

Methods

A. visnaga seeds were primed with 300 mg/L KN and other seeds were sprayed foliarly with 200 mg/L ASN. The phytochemical and GC/MS analyses were conducted. Ethanolic extract was used to explore its hepatoprotective potential in mice that were grouped to five groups; normal control, CCl₄ control, CCl₄ + untreated A. visnaga seeds, CCl₄ + KN A. visnaga seeds, and CCl₄ + ASN A. visnaga seeds. Acute hepatitis was induced by CCl₄. Liver enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and MAPK proteins were assessed.

Results

KN- and ASN- treated seeds increased number of inflorescences, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity over untreated seeds, but ASN surpassed KN. ASN produced new compounds that were not detected in the untreated seeds. Therefore, ASN remarkably decreased hepatotoxicity markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylated MAPK proteins with restoring of normal hepatic architecture compared to the untreated and KN seeds.

Conclusions

Foliar application of ASN was superior to KN priming in increasing seed yield, enhancing the metabolomics profile of the produced seed yield, and improving the corresponding pharmacological activity mainly through suppression of MAPK pathway.