Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Phenolic content of Thai Bao mango peel and its in-vitro antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities","authors":"Sirinapa Thangsiri ,&nbsp;Uthaiwan Suttisansanee ,&nbsp;Pankaj Koirala ,&nbsp;Wimonphan Chathiran ,&nbsp;Warangkana Srichamnong ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Nilesh Nirmal","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant phenolics have been known for various biological activities. This study aims to extract and examine the presence of phenolics in Bao mango (Mangifera indica L. var.) peel ethanolic extract (MPE). Further, antioxidant, anti-diabetic (α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity), and anti- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitory activity) efficacy of MPE were determined. The results indicated that mangiferin (8755.89 mg/ 100 g extract) was the major phenolic compound in MPE. An antioxidant mechanism revealed that MPE had a higher radical scavenging ability (4266.70 µmol TE/g extract) compared to reducing power (FRAP) or oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC). Further <em>in-vitro</em> enzyme inhibitory assay against diabetic and AD involved enzymes showed that MPE had stronger inhibitory action against an enzyme involved in diabetes compared to their standard drug (Acarbose) (P &lt; 0.05). While a lower IC₅₀ value was observed against AD-involved enzymes compared to their standard drug (donepezil) (P &lt; 0.05). The results show that Thai Bao mango peel byproduct can be a potential source of nutraceuticals to lower diabetes and improve cognitive health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001116/pdfft?md5=5d023990d089747b3d1fbb25ace2f5ef&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, pandemic, preventions and policies to overcome antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Ghallab Alotaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern in Asia, and it is essential to understand the prevalence, pandemic, prevention, and policies to overcome it. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), AMR is one of the main causes of death; in 2019, it was linked to 4.95 million fatalities and caused about 1.27 million deaths. A core package of actions has been provided by WHO to help countries prioritize their needs when creating, carrying out, and overseeing national action plans on antimicrobial resistance. Using a people-cantered approach to AMR, the interventions address the needs and obstacles that individuals and patients encounter when trying to obtain healthcare. The people-cantered core package of AMR treatments seeks to improve public and policymakers; awareness and comprehension of AMR by changing the narrative of AMR to emphasize the needs of people and systemic impairments. Additionally, it backs a more comprehensive and programmatic national response to AMR, which emphasizes the value of fair and inexpensive access to high-quality healthcare services for the avoidance, identification, and management of drug-resistant diseases. The report signals increasing resistance to antibiotics in bacterial infections in humans and the need for better data. In conclusion, the prevalence of AMR in Asia is a significant public health concern, and it is crucial to implement policies and interventions to overcome it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001104/pdfft?md5=787b924a4b4408bf59e224ed5e3097e0&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141189794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemonchus contortus, an obligatory haematophagus worm infection in small ruminants: Population genetics and genetic diversity","authors":"Shanaz Parvin ,&nbsp;Anita Rani Dey ,&nbsp;Nusrat Nowrin Shohana ,&nbsp;Anisuzzaman ,&nbsp;Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zahangir Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Haemonchus contortus,</em> a stomach worm, is prevalent in ruminants worldwide. They particularly hamper profitable small ruminant production. Here, we estimate the genetic variation of <em>H. contortus</em> collected from slaughtered goats and sheep from various geographic zones of Bangladesh using multiple genes. To perform this, adult parasites were isolated from the abomasum of slaughtered animals (sheep and goats). Among them, 79 male <em>H. contortus</em> were identified by microscopy. Following the extraction of DNA, <em>ITS-2</em> and <em>cox1</em> genes were amplified and subsequently considered for sequencing. After alignment and editing, sequences were analyzed to find out sequence variation, diversity pattern of genes, and population genetics of isolates. Among the sequence data, the analyses identified 19 genotypes of <em>ITS-2</em> and 77 haplotypes of <em>cox1</em> genes. The diversity of nucleotides was 0.0103 for <em>ITS-2</em> and 0.029 for <em>cox1</em> gene. The dendogram constructed by the genotype and haplotype sequences of <em>H. contortus</em> revealed that two populations were circulating in Bangladesh without any demarcation of host and geographic regions. Analysis of population genetics demonstrated a high flow of genes (89.2 %) within the population of the worm in Bangladesh. The Fst value showed very little amount of genetic difference among the worm populations of Bangladesh but marked genetic variation between different continents. The findings are expected to help explain the risks of anthelmintic resistance and the transmission pattern of the parasite, and also provide a control strategy against <em>H. contortus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001086/pdfft?md5=420e3a571af458762b0bcd7d2d6adef1&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001086-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141189886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does a Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract influence the components of isolated rotavirus particles from stool samples collected in a clinical setting from children?","authors":"Mona A.M. Hussein ,&nbsp;Mayasar I. Al-zaban ,&nbsp;Yahia A.G. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Amin A. Al-Doaiss ,&nbsp;Safia M.A. Bahshwan ,&nbsp;Khalid A. El-Dougdoug ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. EL-Shanshory","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human Rotavirus (HRV) is the causative pathogen of severe acute enteric infections that cause mortality among children worldwide. This study focuses on developing a new and effective treatment for rotavirus infection using an extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aiming to make this treatment easily accessible to everyone. 15 antigens and 26 antibodies were detected in serum and stool using ELISA. The titers of HRVq1, HRVq2, HRVC1, and HRVC2 on Vero cells were determined to be 1.2x10⁶, 3.0x10⁶, 4.2x10⁶, and 7.5x10⁵ (Plaque forming unit, PFU/ml) four days after infection, respectively. The HRVq1 isolate induced cytopathic effects, i.e., forming multinucleated, rounded, enlarged, and expanding gigantic cells. RT-PCR identified this isolate, and the accession number 2691714 was assigned to GeneBank. The molecular docking analysis revealed that nonstructural proteins (NSPs) NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, NSP5, and NSP6 exhibited significant binding with RNA. NSP2 demonstrated the highest binding affinity and the lowest binding energy (−8.9 kcal/mol). This affinity was maintained via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds spanning in length from 1.12 Å to 3.11 Å. The ADMET and bioactivity predictions indicated that the yeast extract possessed ideal solubility, was nontoxic, and did not cause cancer. The inhibitory constant values predicted for the <em>S. cerevisiae</em> extract in the presence of HRV vital proteins varied from 5.32 to 7.45 mM, indicating its potential as a viable drug candidate. <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> extract could be utilized as a dietary supplement to combat HRV as an alternative dietary supplement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001098/pdfft?md5=747bf32ec92f924cbae70b4d7302d805&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001098-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141251035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profitability and meat quality of fast-, medium- and slow-growing meat-type chicken genotypes as affected by growth and length of rearing","authors":"Afifa Afrin ,&nbsp;Tanvir Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ankon Lahiry ,&nbsp;Shahina Rahman ,&nbsp;Bapon Dey ,&nbsp;Md. Abul Hashem ,&nbsp;Shubash Chandra Das","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aimed to evaluate the profitability, meat quality, and carcass parameters of fast-, medium-, and slow-growing meat-type chicken genotypes of Bangladesh. Nine hundred DOCs were randomly allocated to 6 treatments: T₁ = commercial broilers, T₂ = CPF-3 (central poultry farm-3), T₃ = cockerel, T₄ = <em>sonali</em>, T₅ = NDD (non-descriptive <em>desi</em>), and T₆ = <em>hilly</em>, having 5 replications of 30 chicks each. Birds were reared under complete confinement until their respective market ages (commercial broilers = 35 d; CPF-3 = 45 d; cockerel = 56 d, and <em>hilly</em> = 77 d; <em>sonali</em> = 63 d and NDD = 77 d) and fed commercial broiler diets. Net returns, meat quality, growth, and carcass yield were measured. NDD and <em>hilly</em> showed significantly the highest profitability and superior meat quality. Commercial broilers exhibited the highest final body weight (2355.59 g/b) followed by <em>hilly</em> (1241 g/b) and NDD (1006 g/b), while CPF-3 (860.21 g/b), cockerel (915.49 g/b), and <em>sonali</em> (788.43 g/b) had lower final body weights at their respective market ages. Commercial broilers had the highest carcass weight and dressing yields, followed by <em>hilly</em> and cockerel, and lower in <em>sonali</em>, CPF-3, and NDD. The study concluded that rearing slow- or medium-growing NDD and <em>hilly</em> is superior to fast-growing commercial broilers or CPF-3 regarding profitability, and meat quality. The results of current findings help small-scale farmers in choosing a suitable meat-type chicken that yields better profitability and also for the consumers who wish to pay a fair price for the birds, considering the meat quality specific to each chicken genotype.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001037/pdfft?md5=e58e4d6fd930d4878af4286f49df3063&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extract prepared from Enteromorpha intestinalis habited in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Bandar A. Al-Mur","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent study purposes to evaluate the biological activities of <em>Enteromorpha intestinalis</em> gathered from Jeddah coastal area, Saudi Arabia, with respect to its phytochemical components. Our results indicated that the values ​​of moisture content, ash, total organic matter, total proteins, total lipids and total carbohydrates were 34.25 ± 5.6 %, 40.70 ± 2.3 %, 25.05 ± 1.73 %, 14.39 ± 0.8 %, 4.86 ± 6.9 % and 2.81 ± 1.4 %, respectively. The data also showed that the total phenols and flavonoids were 345.04 ± 1.50 and 320.67 ± 0.92 mg/g in the dried sample, respectively. Furthermore, four compounds were detected by HPLC at very low concentrations (quinic acid, ellagic acid, cinnamic acid, and phenanthrene) and flavonoids data confirmed the presence of apeginin, rudin, diosmin, and quercilin at high concentrations of 141.26, 11.42, 121.75, and 145.28. mg/g, respectively. The crude extract of <em>Enteromorpha intestinalis</em> exhibited cytotoxicity toward hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2 cell line) using an MTT assay with concentration range between 2 and 500 µg/mL for 48 h with IC_{50 =} 40.02 ± 3.94 µg/mL. Evidently, the <em>Enteromorpha intestinalis</em> extract had Hepatoprotective activity with IC₅₀ = 447.31 ± 14.59 μg/mL. The IC₅₀ activity of a crude methanol extract of <em>Enteromorpha intestinalis</em> was compared with that of an antioxidant drug (Torolox). The value (98.82 ± 1.30 μg/mL) was recorded close to Torolox (62.4 ± 0.70 μg/mL). This extract also possessed moderate antibacterial activity with inhibition zones ranging between 10 mm against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> to 16 mm against <em>Escherichia coli</em>. <strong>Green seaweed, along with other types of seaweed, has received significant attention in recent years. Despite their potential benefits, green seaweeds are underutilized in many parts of the world. Extensive studies on different green seaweed isolates and extracts are necessary.</strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001049/pdfft?md5=54a9642edd77c017759595e878cac117&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001049-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of renal protective gut microbiome derived-metabolites in diabetic chronic kidney disease: An integrated approach using network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"G.R. Saranya,&nbsp;Pragasam Viswanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metabolites from the gut microbiota define molecules in the gut-kidney cross talks. However, the mechanistic pathway by which the kidneys actively sense gut metabolites and their impact on diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) remains unclear. This study is an attempt to investigate the gut microbiome metabolites, their host targeting genes, and their mechanistic action against DCKD.<!--> <!-->Gut microbiome, metabolites, and host targets were extracted from the gutMgene database and metabolites from the PubChem database. DCKD targets were identified from DisGeNET, GeneCard, NCBI, and OMIM databases. Computational examination such as protein–protein interaction networks, enrichment pathway, identification of metabolites for potential targets using molecular docking, hubgene-microbes-metabolite-samplesource-substrate (HMMSS) network architecture were executed using Network analyst, ShinyGo, GeneMania, Cytoscape, Autodock tools. There were 574 microbial metabolites, 2861 DCKD targets, and 222 microbes targeting host genes. After screening, we obtained 27 final targets, which are used for computational examination. From enrichment analysis, we found NF-ΚB1, AKT1, EGFR, JUN, and RELA as the main regulators in the DCKD development through mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. The (HMMSS) network analysis found <em>F.prausnitzi, B.adolescentis,</em> <!-->and <em>B.distasonis</em> <!-->probiotic bacteria<!--> <!-->that are found in the intestinal epithelium, colonic region, metabolize the substrates like tryptophan, other unknown substrates might have direct interaction with the NF-kB1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targets. On docking of these target proteins with 3- Indole propionic acid (IPA) showed high binding energy affinity of -5.9 kcal/mol and -7.4kcal/mol.<!--> <!-->From this study we identified, the 3 IPA produced by<!--> <em>F. prausnitzi A2-165</em> <!-->was found to have renal sensing properties inhibiting MAPK/NF-KB1 inflammatory pathway and would be useful in treating CKD in diabetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001062/pdfft?md5=8287de0f86f8d620b300fd345735a957&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141189793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interplay between microRNA expression and DNA mutation analysis in AML patients","authors":"Rastee H. Saeed ,&nbsp;Zirak Faqe Ahmed Abdulrahman ,&nbsp;Dara K. Mohammad","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML, affecting gene expression, including that of CD markers and impacting mutations within leukemic cells. Mutations in AML can alter miRNA profiles, which can affect the expression of CD markers and contribute to disease progression by influencing cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we examined the interplay of cell surface protein expression (CD markers), DNA mutations, and microRNA expression in AML patients. We included 32 recently diagnosed AML patients, and CD marker expression was evaluated using flow cytometry and molecular techniques. This study aims to delve into this relationship within the context of AML, elucidating its potential implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions. Mutations were scrutinized in six patients using Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES), while quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to investigate the expression levels of nine microRNAs. Subsequently, a comprehensive interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software, focusing on genes with significant mutations and their corresponding microRNAs. Cell surface protein expression analysis revealed upregulation of CD45, CD99, CD34, HLA-DR, CD38, CD13, CD33, MPO, CD15 and CD117 in AML patients. The molecular analysis results unveiled mutations in specific genes (FLT3, KIT, PTPN11, BCR, DNMT3A, and NRAS) targeted by nine microRNAs. Notably, eight microRNAs exhibited heightened expression levels. Network analysis highlighted interactions between the PTPN11 gene and six scrutinized microRNAs. Understanding the regulatory dynamics between gene mutations and microRNAs in AML patients is pivotal for unraveling the disease’s molecular mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Further exploration into the functional roles of microRNAs in gene regulation and AML pathogenesis is warranted to validate their potential as therapeutic targets, diagnostic markers, and advanced treatment strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001050/pdfft?md5=d262753baa483562925acbbb910877e4&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and bacteriological investigations for the co-existence CRISPR/Cas system and β-lactamases of types extended-spectrum and carbapenemases in Multidrug, extensive drug and Pandrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Hekmat A. Owaid ,&nbsp;Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent approach towards combating the antimicrobial resistance has led to the use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and associated sequence to overcome the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to detect the underlying resistance mechanisms such as ESBLs and carbapenemases and whether there is a correlation between multidrug, extensive drug and pan drug resistance and the occurrence of CRISPR loci. A total of one hundred study isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the AST card of the Vitek technique to detect resistance patterns involving ESBLs and carbapenemase (CRE). An investigation of the genes encoding CRISPR/Cas systems using PCR was achieved. Out of 81 (81.0%) resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates</em>, 71 (71%) and 21 (21.0%) produced ESBLs and carbapenemases, respectively. Also, 53 (53.0%), 19 (19.0%) and 9 (9.0%) were MDR, XDR, and PDR respectively. It was noted that Cas1, Cas3, CRISPR1, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3 were positive in 38 (38.0%) of the isolates, while CRISPR1 for incomplete CRISPR1-Cas systems alone was detected in 78 (78.0%). Further, the number of intact CRISPR1, intact CRISPR2 and intact CRISPR3 types were 7 (27.0%), 34 (34%) and 18 (18.0%) respectively. It is concluded that antibiotic resistance levels were inversely correlated with the existence of CRISPR/Cas systems. The absence of the CRISPR/Cas system increases the prevalence of MDR, XDR and PDR in ESBL and carbapenem-producing <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. With the increase in the degree of antibiotic resistance (MDR, XDR to PDR), the occurrence ratio of the (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated sequence decreased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24001001/pdfft?md5=aedf6c1287071abbcb50b2a2166ce6e6&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24001001-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survivin: A key apoptosis inhibitor in COVID-19 infection and its implication for treatment protocol","authors":"Faris Q.B. Alenzi","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the relationship between cellular apoptosis and proliferation rates in COVID patients remains underexplored in existing literature, various viruses are known to impact these fundamental process to modulate response to infection. This paper aims to assess apoptosis and proliferation rates in individuals recently infected with Coronavirus, both before and after vaccination, comparing them with healthy controls. Peripheral blood cells from newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients revealed a significant increase in proliferation and apoptosis levels in fresh lymphocytes and granulocytes compared to healthy donors. Notably, as none of the patients were under corticosteroid therapy or cytotoxic drugs, the study underscores the critical role of white blood (WBC) apoptosis in viral pathogenesis, potentially contributing significantly to COVID-19′s pathogenicity. Elevated levels of soluble Fas ligand (FaSL) and the pro-inflatmmatory cytokine IL-38 were identified in COVID-19 patients, indicating potential immune dysregulation. Furthermore, individual who received the vaccine or recovered from COVID-19 exhibited higher survivin rates, suggesting a protective role for survivin in migitating lung damage. These findings suggest the prospect of developing a strategy to prevent WBC apoptosis, offering potential benefits in averting lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19 ouctomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000998/pdfft?md5=dbb323326d298f9812b5188340eae1b5&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000998-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}