R. Gorgij, K. Pourtahmasi, R. Maali-Amiri, F. Eshaghi-Gorji
{"title":"Antioxidant Responses Related to Flexure Wood Formation in Poplar","authors":"R. Gorgij, K. Pourtahmasi, R. Maali-Amiri, F. Eshaghi-Gorji","doi":"10.1134/s102144372560309x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372560309x","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical stresses such as intermittent bending due to flexure wood formation make substantial losses to poplar (Populus) cultivation. In this work, biochemical changes in two-year-old seedlings of Populus alba along with formation of flexure wood under intermittent bending, NPK fertilizer and gibberellin 3 (GA) treatments in field conditions were studied. Poplars treated with intermittent bending often had a higher content of cellulose and lower content of hemicellulose and lignin than straight plants particularly in simultaneous application of NPK and GA fertilizers. A high degree of crystallinity was accompanied with an increase in the cellulose, indicating flexure wood formation in intermittent bent plants. Compared to straight plants, the enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase was observed in intermittent bending treatment and this increase was more in plants under simultaneous application NPK and GA. Higher defense responses were accompanied with a decrease in total soluble protein content in intermittent bending treatment, and this decrease was more in plants under simultaneous application NPK and GA. Under such a status, the effect of intermittent bending was much greater than the effect of NPK and GA fertilizers. Although high temperatures in August enhanced antioxidative activities, the increase in defense responses was more pronounced under intermittent bending treatment than under summer heat conditions. Significant correlation analysis showed simultaneous responses among chemical and biochemical characters to cope against stress. Results suggest that inducing flexure wood formation following intermittent bending was related to flexibility and rapid antioxidative responses over long-term structural reinforcement (e.g., lignin deposition) under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Du, Xun Li, Mihi Yang, Qian Du, Chao Zhao, D. Liu, Jia Liu, Xiaofei Guo, Zhonghua Tang
{"title":"Investigating the Ecotoxicity of DEHP and ZnO NPs in Dandelion: Effects on Growth, Physiology, and Metabolite Profiles","authors":"X. Du, Xun Li, Mihi Yang, Qian Du, Chao Zhao, D. Liu, Jia Liu, Xiaofei Guo, Zhonghua Tang","doi":"10.1134/s102144372560521x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372560521x","url":null,"abstract":"Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) pose significant environmental threats that can negatively influence plant growth and health. This study thoroughly investigated the effects of both single and combined exposures to DEHP and ZnO NPs on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg) seedlings. The results demonstrated that both DEHP and ZnO significantly reduced in biomass (58.34% in shoots, 42.01% in roots). These treatments also led to a marked decline in chlorophyll fluorescence and exacerbated oxidative stress. Notably, the presence of ZnO NPs intensified DEHP toxicity by increasing its accumulation in roots (by 25.73%) while restricting its translocation to shoots, thereby amplifying its environmental risk. Additionally, dandelion responses exhibited tissue specificity, with roots being more adversely affected than shoots. Metabolomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in metabolites abundance and key metabolic pathways, including those involved in amino acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, ZnO NPs significantly modified the profiles of secondary metabolites in dandelions subjected to DEHP stress, specifically flavonoids and phenolic acids, which may influence the plant’s medicinal properties. These findings underscore the complexity of the plant defense mechanisms against environmental pollutants. This study provides valuable insights into the toxicological interactions between DEHP and ZnO NPs, emphasizing the need for further research on their long-term effects across diverse plant species.","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
А. А. Галимова, И. Ф. Рахматуллина, Z. A. Ibragimova, Б. Р. Кулуев
{"title":"Glufosinate Ammonium Doses for In Vitro Selection of Bread Wheat Explants","authors":"А. А. Галимова, И. Ф. Рахматуллина, Z. A. Ibragimova, Б. Р. Кулуев","doi":"10.1134/s1021443725601430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443725601430","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problems of cereal biotechnology is the low efficiency of genetic transformation. The process of creating transgenic plants consists of three stages: transfer of foreign genetic material into the plant genome; obtaining of regenerated plants; selection of transgenic plants. Each stage is important and requires well-developed techniques. A widely used method of making transgenic plant is selection by including a selective antibiotic or herbicide resistance gene in DNA constructs. Effective breeding of transgenic plants requires knowledge of the exact concentrations and exposure duration of selective agents for the specific tissue culture species used. Our study aimed to identify the optimal concentration and exposure duration to glufosinate ammonium (Basta®) for the selection of resistant regenerates of bread wheat in vitro. Several options for the selection of resistant shoots were proposed based on the study results: induction of shoot regeneration on medium with 7.5 mg/L of glufosinate ammonium for 7 days after callus formation in the immature embryos culture on medium with Basta (concentration of at least 7.5 mg/L); constant cultivation of explants on media with glufosinate ammonium (minimum concentration—5 mg/L), when working with the culture of mature embryos on maternal grains; selection at the organogenesis stage should be carried out on the media with glufosinate ammonium concentration of 15 mg/L for 14 days or 10 mg/L for 28 days. The results of the work represent a significant contribution to accelerating work in the field of genetic and genomic studies of bread wheat—an important agricultural crop.","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"72 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuguang Wang, Lingling Qiu, Yongbin Zhou, Shuang Wang, Wenqi Zhou, Hong Li, Jin Li, Yi Liang, Zhaoyi Dai
{"title":"Effects of Biochar and α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on the Growth, Photosynthetic Apparatus and Fruit Quality of Medicinal Plant Muskmelon","authors":"Yuguang Wang, Lingling Qiu, Yongbin Zhou, Shuang Wang, Wenqi Zhou, Hong Li, Jin Li, Yi Liang, Zhaoyi Dai","doi":"10.1134/s1021443725600308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443725600308","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural soils are facing problems such as water scarcity and nutrient loss. Compared to traditional chemical fertilizers, biochar and nanomaterials may become new options for agricultural soil improvement. However, when faced with new soil amendments, the response of medicinal plants may not necessarily meet expectations. In this study, we evaluated the effects of biochar and nano iron oxide as soil modifiers, both alone and in combination, on the growth, physiology, and fruit quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). The results showed that the composite treatment enhanced the stem crude increase of muskmelon from the vegetative period to flowering period, and also increased leaf pigment content at the fruiting period. Each treatment also significantly promoted the photosynthesis of muskmelon, which increased the ΦPSII values at flowering period by 30.77, 80.77 and 73.08%, respectively, compared with the control group. But the contents of medicinal ingredients in the fruit pulp and seeds of each treatment group were significantly negatively affected. The polyphenol and saponin contents of seeds were decreased in each treatment group, as was the accumulation of saponins in the fruit pulp. It is indicated that soil amendments may decrease the contents of medicinal ingredients and reduce the quality of muskmelon fruits while promoting the growth of medicinal plants. Our study raises risk warnings for the selection of soil amendments in medicinal plant cultivation.","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"72 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Composition of Fatty Acids in Lipids of Higher Vascular Plants of the Arctic Tundra of Western Spitsbergen","authors":"E. F. Markovskaya, N. Yu. Shmakova, A. A. Zorina","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606931","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The fractional composition of fatty acids (FAs) of lipids was studied, and the main directions of their participation in structural and functional adaptations in dominant and rare species of higher vascular plants of the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen were identified. Differences in the size and variability of FA composition by fraction were revealed: from 25 to 76% for glycolipids, 10–28% for phospholipids, and 7–57% for neutral lipids. A relationship has been established between the fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions and the “species activity” indicator in plants of different geographical origins and ecology. The main directions of adaptation associated with the lipid component in Arctic plants include the participation of saturated and unsaturated FAs in different proportions depending on the ecological and geographical characteristics of the species. A diversity of very long chain FAs was noted in the fractional fatty acid composition of lipids in all Arctic plants. In both adaptive strategies, “avoidance” and “adaptation,” the lipid component is actively involved, which ensures the appropriate functional activity of the species and its representation in the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Growth and Development of Pollen Tubes in Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata Ledeb.) In Vitro","authors":"M. V. Surso","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460733x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460733x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of individual sugars and pH of nutrient medium on growth and development of pollen tubes in an introgressive hybrid between common spruce and Siberian spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst. × <i>P. obovata</i> Ledeb.) in vitro was investigated. Dynamics of growth of spruce pollen tubes was registered. It was found that relatively high growth rate of pollen tubes accounts for specific physiology of their development. A quick cellulose synthesis in the course of spruce pollen grains’ hydration was described. Differences in component composition of pollen and pollen tubes were revealed. Content of proteins, amino acids, RNA, DNA, lipids, and polysaccharides along the gradient of spruce pollen tubes abruptly increased towards the growing tip and became stabilized when they reached approximately half of their maximal length. At the same time, total content of carbohydrates in pollen tubes along their length essentially did not change. Formation on the surface of pollen tubes of outer rings consisting mainly of cellulose and callose are described. It was assumed that such rings may participate in regulation of turgor and partial compartmentation of protoplast in spruce pollen tubes. Callose present in pollen tubes should be regarded as a situational antistress polysaccharide that is not common component of tube wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. V. Filonova, S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. S. Zinner, D. A. Isakov, Ya. E. Reshetov, A. A. Churin, M. V. Belousov
{"title":"Comparative Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Introduced Plants and Callus Culture of Hedysarum alpinum L.","authors":"M. V. Filonova, S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. S. Zinner, D. A. Isakov, Ya. E. Reshetov, A. A. Churin, M. V. Belousov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607298","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Comparative study of phenolic compound composition was performed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS techniques using raw materials of <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i> L. plants introduced into the dendrological ecosystem of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University as well as the callus culture of the same species. The callus culture of <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i> was obtained on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium with the addition of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and was subsequently cultivated on the medium containing α-NAA (2.0 mg/L) and 6-BAP (0.5 mg/L). The culture was characterized by activated phenylpropanoid pathway, which gave rise to the formation of flavonoids, isoflavones, xanthones, and other substances. The total content of flavonoids (calculated on a per quercetin basis) and formononetin in the extracts of callus culture was lower than in the extracts from introduced plants by 35 and 11%, respectively, whereas the content of mangiferin in callus extracts was more than 50% higher than in the extracts of aerial plant parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Pyatina, E. I. Shishatskaya, N. G. Menzyanova
{"title":"Border Cells of the Root Apex: Role in Adaptation Strategies and Root Immunity","authors":"S. A. Pyatina, E. I. Shishatskaya, N. G. Menzyanova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607316","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Border cells (BCs) are a cell population of the root cap that, during the process of differentiation, separates from the surface of the root apex in the form of single cells, small aggregates, or cell sheets and passes into the rhizosphere space. The functional activity of BCs in the rhizosphere is realized through the production of exometabolites. The review discusses the role of BCs and the root extracellular trap formed from their exometabolites in the processes of adaptation of the root system to various abiotic factors and reactions of the root immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal Changes in the Photosynthetic Pigment Complex of Sphagnum Mosses: The case of Sphagnum papillosum Lindb.","authors":"A. K. Shtang, T. I. Ponomareva, D. A. Shpanov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607304","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The authors studied the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio during the warm period of the year (May–October) and during the period with stable snow cover (April) in sphagnum moss <i>Sphagnum papillosum</i> Lindb. on an oligotrophic bog in Arkhangelsk oblast. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased from May to July, reaching a minimum, and then increased again by autumn. The content of pigments in moss tissues under the snow was comparable to the July minimum. Based on the results of factor and cluster analyses, it was suggested that the <i>S. papillosum</i> pigment complex in the first half of the growing season is adapted to high insolation and a long photoperiod, which is reflected by such indicators as the chlorophyll <i>a</i>/<i>b</i> ratio and the proportion of chlorophylls in the light-harvesting complex. In addition, during the growing season, the pigment complex apparently adapts to moisture conditions that depend on precipitation, especially during the period of summer decrease in the bog water level, which reflects the Chl/Car ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Sorokan, V. F. Gabdrakhmanova, I. S. Mardanshin, I. V. Maksimov
{"title":"Effect of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus velezensis M66 on Transcriptional Activity of the Genes of the RNA Interference System upon Development of Defense Responses Against the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary","authors":"A. V. Sorokan, V. F. Gabdrakhmanova, I. S. Mardanshin, I. V. Maksimov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607407","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of bacteria <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain М66 on resistance of potato plants to oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (Mont.) de Bary that causes late blight disease was investigated. For the first time, a rise in the number of endophytic bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 in internal tissues of plants after infection with the pathogen as compared with plants solely inoculated with bacteria was shown. A considerable reduction in the area showing the symptoms of late blight disease was shown irrespective of virulence of the used strain of pathogen. Formation of plant resistance under the effect of <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 cells was accompanied by activation of trypsin inhibitor and peroxidases; accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and transcripts of genes encoding inhibitors of proteinases, β-1,3-glucanase, and anionic peroxidase; and reduction in the level of transcripts of gene <i>PR1</i>: a marker of the development of salicylate-depending reactions. As to the system of RNA interference, it was shown that aggressive strain <i>P. infestans</i> Sn stimulated accumulation of transcripts of the gene encoding Dicer-like protein (DCL) in potato plants, whereas less aggressive strain <i>P. infestans</i> 1840 activated genes <i>DCL</i> and <i>Ago4</i>. Plant treatment with bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 promoted accumulation of gene <i>Ago1</i> transcripts both in healthy and infected plants. Inoculation of plants with bacteria and subsequent infection with oomycete promoted accumulation of transcripts of all the examined genes involved in the system of RNA interference. Thus, inoculation of plants with cells of endophytic bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> strain M66 promotes formation of resistance to oomycete <i>P. infestans</i> by means of efficient priming of plant immune potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}