Russian Journal of Plant Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Composition of Fatty Acids in Lipids of Higher Vascular Plants of the Arctic Tundra of Western Spitsbergen","authors":"E. F. Markovskaya, N. Yu. Shmakova, A. A. Zorina","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606931","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The fractional composition of fatty acids (FAs) of lipids was studied, and the main directions of their participation in structural and functional adaptations in dominant and rare species of higher vascular plants of the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen were identified. Differences in the size and variability of FA composition by fraction were revealed: from 25 to 76% for glycolipids, 10–28% for phospholipids, and 7–57% for neutral lipids. A relationship has been established between the fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions and the “species activity” indicator in plants of different geographical origins and ecology. The main directions of adaptation associated with the lipid component in Arctic plants include the participation of saturated and unsaturated FAs in different proportions depending on the ecological and geographical characteristics of the species. A diversity of very long chain FAs was noted in the fractional fatty acid composition of lipids in all Arctic plants. In both adaptive strategies, “avoidance” and “adaptation,” the lipid component is actively involved, which ensures the appropriate functional activity of the species and its representation in the Arctic tundra of Western Spitsbergen.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Development of Pollen Tubes in Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata Ledeb.) In Vitro","authors":"M. V. Surso","doi":"10.1134/s102144372460733x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s102144372460733x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of individual sugars and pH of nutrient medium on growth and development of pollen tubes in an introgressive hybrid between common spruce and Siberian spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst. × <i>P. obovata</i> Ledeb.) in vitro was investigated. Dynamics of growth of spruce pollen tubes was registered. It was found that relatively high growth rate of pollen tubes accounts for specific physiology of their development. A quick cellulose synthesis in the course of spruce pollen grains’ hydration was described. Differences in component composition of pollen and pollen tubes were revealed. Content of proteins, amino acids, RNA, DNA, lipids, and polysaccharides along the gradient of spruce pollen tubes abruptly increased towards the growing tip and became stabilized when they reached approximately half of their maximal length. At the same time, total content of carbohydrates in pollen tubes along their length essentially did not change. Formation on the surface of pollen tubes of outer rings consisting mainly of cellulose and callose are described. It was assumed that such rings may participate in regulation of turgor and partial compartmentation of protoplast in spruce pollen tubes. Callose present in pollen tubes should be regarded as a situational antistress polysaccharide that is not common component of tube wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Border Cells of the Root Apex: Role in Adaptation Strategies and Root Immunity","authors":"S. A. Pyatina, E. I. Shishatskaya, N. G. Menzyanova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607316","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Border cells (BCs) are a cell population of the root cap that, during the process of differentiation, separates from the surface of the root apex in the form of single cells, small aggregates, or cell sheets and passes into the rhizosphere space. The functional activity of BCs in the rhizosphere is realized through the production of exometabolites. The review discusses the role of BCs and the root extracellular trap formed from their exometabolites in the processes of adaptation of the root system to various abiotic factors and reactions of the root immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Introduced Plants and Callus Culture of Hedysarum alpinum L.","authors":"M. V. Filonova, S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. S. Zinner, D. A. Isakov, Ya. E. Reshetov, A. A. Churin, M. V. Belousov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607298","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Comparative study of phenolic compound composition was performed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS techniques using raw materials of <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i> L. plants introduced into the dendrological ecosystem of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University as well as the callus culture of the same species. The callus culture of <i>Hedysarum alpinum</i> was obtained on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium with the addition of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and was subsequently cultivated on the medium containing α-NAA (2.0 mg/L) and 6-BAP (0.5 mg/L). The culture was characterized by activated phenylpropanoid pathway, which gave rise to the formation of flavonoids, isoflavones, xanthones, and other substances. The total content of flavonoids (calculated on a per quercetin basis) and formononetin in the extracts of callus culture was lower than in the extracts from introduced plants by 35 and 11%, respectively, whereas the content of mangiferin in callus extracts was more than 50% higher than in the extracts of aerial plant parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus velezensis M66 on Transcriptional Activity of the Genes of the RNA Interference System upon Development of Defense Responses Against the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary","authors":"A. V. Sorokan, V. F. Gabdrakhmanova, I. S. Mardanshin, I. V. Maksimov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607407","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of bacteria <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain М66 on resistance of potato plants to oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (Mont.) de Bary that causes late blight disease was investigated. For the first time, a rise in the number of endophytic bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 in internal tissues of plants after infection with the pathogen as compared with plants solely inoculated with bacteria was shown. A considerable reduction in the area showing the symptoms of late blight disease was shown irrespective of virulence of the used strain of pathogen. Formation of plant resistance under the effect of <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 cells was accompanied by activation of trypsin inhibitor and peroxidases; accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and transcripts of genes encoding inhibitors of proteinases, β-1,3-glucanase, and anionic peroxidase; and reduction in the level of transcripts of gene <i>PR1</i>: a marker of the development of salicylate-depending reactions. As to the system of RNA interference, it was shown that aggressive strain <i>P. infestans</i> Sn stimulated accumulation of transcripts of the gene encoding Dicer-like protein (DCL) in potato plants, whereas less aggressive strain <i>P. infestans</i> 1840 activated genes <i>DCL</i> and <i>Ago4</i>. Plant treatment with bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> М66 promoted accumulation of gene <i>Ago1</i> transcripts both in healthy and infected plants. Inoculation of plants with bacteria and subsequent infection with oomycete promoted accumulation of transcripts of all the examined genes involved in the system of RNA interference. Thus, inoculation of plants with cells of endophytic bacteria <i>B. velezensis</i> strain M66 promotes formation of resistance to oomycete <i>P. infestans</i> by means of efficient priming of plant immune potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytomelatonin As an Element of the Plant Hormonal System","authors":"V. V. Kusnetsov, I. A. Bychkov, N. V. Kudryakova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606839","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), an animal hormone, antioxidant, and regulatory molecule, is attracting increasing attention from biologists. Melatonin, discovered in plants in 1995 and later named phytomelatonin (PMT), regulates many stages of plant ontogenesis, from seed germination to the aging process. PMT is one of the most powerful plant cell antioxidants. Numerous experimental data show that PMT increases plant resistance under conditions of both abiotic and biotic stress. In the regulation of physiological processes, it interacts with almost all currently known phytohormones. The biosynthesis of PMT and its multifunctional activity have now been studied quite well; the first receptor and some components of its signaling chain have been discovered. All this allows us to consider PMT a new plant hormone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Changes in the Photosynthetic Pigment Complex of Sphagnum Mosses: The case of Sphagnum papillosum Lindb.","authors":"A. K. Shtang, T. I. Ponomareva, D. A. Shpanov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607304","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The authors studied the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio during the warm period of the year (May–October) and during the period with stable snow cover (April) in sphagnum moss <i>Sphagnum papillosum</i> Lindb. on an oligotrophic bog in Arkhangelsk oblast. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased from May to July, reaching a minimum, and then increased again by autumn. The content of pigments in moss tissues under the snow was comparable to the July minimum. Based on the results of factor and cluster analyses, it was suggested that the <i>S. papillosum</i> pigment complex in the first half of the growing season is adapted to high insolation and a long photoperiod, which is reflected by such indicators as the chlorophyll <i>a</i>/<i>b</i> ratio and the proportion of chlorophylls in the light-harvesting complex. In addition, during the growing season, the pigment complex apparently adapts to moisture conditions that depend on precipitation, especially during the period of summer decrease in the bog water level, which reflects the Chl/Car ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Sarcinoid Microalga Chlorosarcinopsis eremi (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)","authors":"N. V. Dantsyuk, I. N. Chubchikova, A. D. Temraleeva, G. S. Minyuk, I. V. Drobetskaya","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607328","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The strain VKM Al-132 of green sarcinoid microalgae isolated from chestnut soil of the dry steppe zone (Volgograd oblast of Russia) was investigated. With the help of light- and scanning electron microscopy, together with the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS2 spacer, the strain was identified as <i>Chlorosarcinopsis</i> <i>eremi</i>. The characteristics of its growth and secondary carotenogenesis were examined under conditions of two-stage batch culture. After 21-day cultivation, the average productivity was 0.12 g/(L day) (dry biomass) and 0.2 mg/(L day) (total carotenoids). At the end of the stage of secondary carotenogenesis, when the percentage of total carotenoids was approximately 0.25% of dry biomass, canthaxanthin and diesters of astaxanthin fractions dominated; the sum of astaxanthin esters attained 36% of total carotenoids. It has been shown that the VKM Al-132 strain of <i>C.</i> <i>eremi</i> may serve as a potentially perspective object to search for optimal conditions for intensification of carotenoid biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid on Growth, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, and Proline Content in Wheat Leaves at Excessive Zinc Level in the External Environment","authors":"A. A. Ignatenko, I. A. Nilova, N. M. Kaznina, A. F. Titov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724607286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724607286","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We studied the effect of seed treatment with salicylic acid (SA, 100 μM) on seed germination, growth, the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the functioning of a number of components of the antioxidant system in wheat plants (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Zlata variety grown with optimal (2 μM) or excess (1500 µM) zinc content in the root environment. It has been shown that excess zinc has an inhibitory effect on root and shoot growth and also enhances the accumulation of one of the indicators of LPO development: malondialdehyde (MDA). At the same time, the structural integrity of the membranes was maintained, as indicated by the absence of changes in membrane permeability, recorded by the yield of electrolytes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), did not change under these conditions, but the activity of guaiacol-specific peroxidase (GPO) decreased. Treatment of seeds with SA at a concentration of 100 μM, which stimulates their germination, enhanced the negative effect of excess zinc on growth performance and MDA accumulation in wheat leaves. However, in this case, the yield of electrolytes did not increase, which is presumably due to an increase in the activity of SOD and GPO. Based on the data presented in the work and previously obtained, as well as an analysis of the literature, it was concluded that the response of plants to excess zinc in the external environment, like the reaction to other abiotic stresses, is not only multicomponent and multiechelon but also variable, depending on many factors and circumstances: the dose of exposure (zinc concentration and duration of its action), biological characteristics of the plant species (variety), their age condition, etc. Treatment of seeds with SA can change the nature of the plant’s response to the action of excess zinc, and the direction of these changes will, in turn, depend on the concentration of SA, the duration of its action, and the method of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional and Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids from the Bud Parts of Plants of the Betula L. Genus by Opening Phases","authors":"I. V. Morozova, N. P. Chernobrovkina, V. P. Pchelkin","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605937","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In plants of the genus <i>Betula</i> L. with morphological characteristics of downy birch <i>B. pubescens</i>, silver birch <i>B. pendula</i>, and Karelian birch <i>B. pendula</i> var. <i>carelica</i> in bud fragments, according to the phases of their blossoming, growth and moisture indicators were studied as were the content and composition of fatty acids (FA) of individual fractions of total lipids (TL). Fractions of neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), and phospholipids (PL) were isolated from TL using chloroform, acetone, and methanol, respectively. Growing rudimentary leaves were distinguished by increased weight and moisture content compared to scales and stipules. In the embryonic leaves, in comparison with other fragments of buds in the phases of blooming, a high absolute content of TL in phase I and a drop in the level of TL in other phases, a significant absolute accumulation of NL and PL by phase III and use in phase IV with the accumulation of GL in this phase, a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) of TL and their individual fractions during the study period, an increase in the level of linolenic acid (C_18:3) in the composition of PL and GL to phase IV, and an increase in the relative content of palmitic acid (C_16:0) in the composition of GL by phase III and a decrease in its level in phase IV were noted. The fatty acid composition of the TL fractions of fragments of opening birch buds were represented predominantly by UFAs (up to 88% of the total FAs). The main share of UFAs was C_18:3 and linoleic (C_18:2) (up to 55 and 47% of the total FAs, respectively), and C_16:0 predominated (up to 42%) in saturated FAs. In three birches, during the development of buds according to the phases of blossoming in their individual fragments, both in the TL and in all fractions of the TL, the relative content of C_18:2 decreased with an increase in the composition of GL and PL: C_18:3. In these birches, which differ in morphological characteristics, distinctive features of the lipid composition are revealed mainly in the scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}