Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

{"title":"Incidence of Head Contact Events Including Headers, and Potential Head Injuries at the FIFA Futsal World Cup Lithuania 2021.","authors":"Ayda Sarkohi, Alice Hovenberg, Martin Hägglund, Andreas Serner, Kerry Peek","doi":"10.1111/sms.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although concern exists regarding the potential relationship between heading, head impacts, and head injuries, and long-term brain health in association football players, the incidence of these events is yet to be reported in futsal. It has been hypothesized that futsal's format of a smaller field and fewer players might mean that players are exposed to fewer head contact events than those reported in football. Our objective was to analyze the incidence and characteristics of headers, head impacts, and potential head injuries in one men's international futsal tournament. In this cross-sectional video analysis study, all head contact events (including headers, head impacts, and potential head injuries) from all 52 matches of the FIFA Futsal World Cup Lithuania 2021 were analyzed. There were 1065 head contact events with an incidence rate (IR) of 3014/1000 match hours (MH), including 839 headers (IR2376/1000MH). The most frequent head impact was upper-limb-to-head impacts (n = 106, IR300/1000MH) and the least frequent was head-to-head impacts (n = 8, IR 23/1000MH). There were 38 potential head injuries (IR108/1000MH) primarily from upper-limb-to-head impact. There was a statistically significant relationship between pitch location and type of head contact event (Cramer's V 0.18, p = < 0.001), with most events occurring outside the penalty areas (83.4%). Headers were the most common head contact event in the FIFA Futsal World Cup, with an IR similar to that reported in football. Although upper-limb-to-head impacts were the primary cause of potential head injuries in both futsal and football, head-to-head impacts were less common in futsal.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 6","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating Physical Activity Frequency and Density-Commentary on: \"Optimal Frequency of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting for Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Crossover Trials\".","authors":"Fabian Herold,Neville Owen,Christian J Brakenridge,Sylwester Kujach,Thomas Gronwald","doi":"10.1111/sms.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"48 1","pages":"e70077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiscale In Silico Analysis Identifies Plasma Levels of miR-223-3p as an Emerging Biomarker of Cardiac Response to Acute Exercise and Training in Olympic Medallists.","authors":"D Fernandez-Vivero,N Terrados,P Pinto-Hernandez,C Noguero-Lopez,B Fernandez-Garcia,M Whitham,E Iglesias-Gutierrez,M Fernandez-Sanjurjo","doi":"10.1111/sms.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70092","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise induces a systemic response that involves complex gene regulation influenced by circulating miRNAs, which are post-transcriptional regulators and communication molecules between tissues. Although previous studies have shown that exercise alters plasma miRNA profiles in amateur or highly trained athletes, the impact on Olympic athletes remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in the whole circulating miRNA profile and their functional implications based on acute exercise and training responses in Olympic medallists. We conducted a study involving four Olympic medallists who completed two maximal aerobic tests during two moments of the Olympic season. Plasma samples were extracted before and after both tests. A total of 752 miRNAs were profiled using high-throughput qRT-PCR, followed by functional characterization via integrated bioinformatics analyses (target prediction, pathway enrichment, and protein interaction network modeling). Our findings revealed two distinct circulating miRNA profiles in response to the maximal aerobic capacity test, depending on training status. Functional in silico analysis across multiple biological scales of the different acute exercise profiles revealed a regulatory shift from broad, canonical coordination to a more fragmented regulatory function. Notably, miR-223-3p was significantly upregulated with acute exercise and downregulated due to training. A correlation between miR-223-3p and maximal heart rate was observed, alongside our in silico analysis describing the association with heart contraction, membrane depolarization, cardiac conduction and atrial cardiac muscle action potential. In conclusion, the specific miRNA profiles identified in Olympic medallists provide new insights into biomarkers of exercise during an Olympic season, introducing the miR-223-3p as a novel indicator of acute exercise and training cardiac exercise adaptations.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"117 1-2 1","pages":"e70092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Severe Low Energy Availability in Athletes: Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrine Responses, and Performance Outcomes-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Jan S Jeppesen,Ylva Hellsten,Anna K Melin,Mette Hansen","doi":"10.1111/sms.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70089","url":null,"abstract":"Many athletes and coaches believe that reducing body mass can improve the power-to-body mass ratio and improve exercise performance. This narrative review aims to characterize the effects of short-term (days to weeks) severe (< 30 kcal/kg Fat Free Mass/day) low energy availability (LEA) on exercise performance and physiological parameters related to health and training adaptations in female athletes. The latter is based on the prevalence of LEA being higher among female athletes, and most of the research is conducted on this population. In addition, we briefly address emerging evidence on short-term severe LEA in male athletes to highlight potential sex differences in physiological responses and performance outcomes. Short-term severe LEA triggers energy-conserving responses, leading to disruption in several crucial physiological systems, including suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, decrease in triiodothyronine and insulin-like growth factor I hormones, reduction in resting metabolic rate, and comprised protein turnover in collagen-rich tissues. If these detrimental effects of short-term severe LEA are not reversed, they can progress to long-term problematic LEA, resulting in hypothalamic amenorrhea, lowering of bone mineral density, increased injury risk, and impaired exercise performance. Recent studies further underscore the detrimental impact of short-term severe LEA in female athletes, revealing suppressed muscle protein synthesis, increased cortisol levels, altered immune function, enhanced fat utilization during exercise, and direct impairments in power, sprinting, and endurance exercise performances despite reductions in body mass. These findings highlight the concerns about the trade-offs between short-term severe LEA for body mass reduction and the ability to maintain optimal physiological function for exercise performance. Further, they challenge the widespread assumption that body mass reduction always improves exercise performance, emphasizing a need for case-by-case considerations within the sporting environment.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"41 1","pages":"e70089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Effect of Running Biomechanics, Anthropometrics, Muscle Architecture, and Comfort on Running Economy Across Different Shoes.","authors":"Bas Van Hooren, Raf Copier, Sissel Pedersen, Zoi Balamouti, Kenneth Meijer","doi":"10.1111/sms.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in shoe technology can improve running economy (RE). However, the effects of advanced footwear technology (AFT) have typically been investigated in one specific shoe brand and at relatively high speeds. Moreover, there is often considerable variability in the response to different running shoes. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of five different shoes (two with AFT, one standard shoe, one traditional racing flat, and participants' own shoes) on RE at a speed representative of recreational runners. Further, it also explored whether spatiotemporal running metrics, anthropometrics, muscle architecture, or comfort mediated the effect of shoes on RE. Forty-one (31 male) recreational runners ran at 10 km∙h^-1 in five different shoes while running biomechanics and gas exchange data were collected. Linear mixed models were used to compare RE across different shoes. Correlations were computed between the difference in RE and (difference in) spatiotemporal running metrics, anthropometrics, muscle architecture, or comfort to explore mediating effects. RE was significantly better in the AFT shoe one compared to other shoes by 2%-4%, with the enhancement relative to the other AFT being non-significant (2%). No spatiotemporal, anthropometric, muscle architectural, or comfort outcome was consistently significantly associated with relative RE. However, a longer contact time, shorter flight time, and higher duty factor showed consistent small-to-moderate non-significant associations with better relative RE. In conclusion, AFT technology can enhance RE at speeds typical for recreational runners, although with variable magnitude across different brands. Further, anthropometrics, spatiotemporal metrics, muscle architecture, nor comfort strongly influenced the effect of shoes on RE.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 6","pages":"e70087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebuttal to Herold et al. Regarding Using \"Density,\" Frequency, and \"Inter-Bout Interval\" in Exercise Science.","authors":"Mingyue Yin,Kai Xu,Sitong Chen,Boyi Zhang,Meiling Tao,Jianfeng Deng,Shengji Deng,Zhili Chen,Yuming Zhong,Hansen Li,Xing Zhang,Meynard John L Toledo,Keith M Diaz,Yongming Li","doi":"10.1111/sms.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"97 1","pages":"e70078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic Intermittent Hypoxic Training Is Not Beneficial for Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Gianluigi Dorelli,Gaia Giuriato,Giovanni Zamboni,Michael Daini,Mattia Cominacini,Luca Giuseppe Dalle Carbonare,Eivind Wang,Ernesto Crisafulli,Federico Schena,Massimo Venturelli","doi":"10.1111/sms.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70088","url":null,"abstract":"Although many studies have investigated whether aerobic training in hypoxia (IHT) could bring advantages to maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and sea-level performance when compared to analogous normoxic training (NT), the literature results are inconsistent. This variability may come from differences in population, training protocols, hypoxic methods, and potential bias. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis with strict inclusion criteria is needed to assess the effects of aerobic IHT on V̇O2max and performance. This study aims to review previous meta-analyses and analyze all parallel-design studies examining the effect of aerobic IHT compared to NT on V̇O2max and sea-level aerobic performance. Systematic research was conducted following PRISMA guidelines regarding the effects of aerobic IHT on sea-level V̇O2max and performance outcomes. The analysis accounted for characteristics of the population, training protocol, hypoxic environment, and publication details. A total of 35 studies involving 524 participants were included. The analysis showed that IHT, compared to NT, did not significantly improve V̇O2max (p = 0.333), peak power output (p = 0.159), and time to exhaustion (p = 0.410). Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences based on fitness level (p = 0.690) and exercise modality (p = 0.900); however, a publication bias was found (p = 0.004). These results suggest that, despite some enthusiastic findings in the literature, possibly influenced by publication-related biases, aerobic IHT does not offer superior improvement in V̇O2max and performance compared with NT. Therefore, adding hypoxia to aerobic exercise does not enhance training adaptations.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"22 1","pages":"e70088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability of Running Economy and Other Physiological Parameters During 90 min of Running in Well-Trained Male Endurance Runners.","authors":"Michele Zanini,Jonathan P Folland,Richard C Blagrove","doi":"10.1111/sms.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70080","url":null,"abstract":"Running economy (RE) is highly reliable when measured in an unfatigued state; however, its reproducibility during prolonged exercise has not been investigated. RE is known to worsen during prolonged exercise (referred to as RE \"durability\"), and quantifying the reliability of RE durability measurements will determine our sensitivity to detect subtle differences between groups or conditions. This study aimed to assess the reliability of RE and other physiological parameters throughout a 90-min run in the heavy-intensity domain among well-trained runners. Fourteen male marathon runners (maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max): 63.1 ± 5.8 mL·kg-1·min-1; marathon time: 02:47 ± 00:10 h:min) completed two 90 min treadmill runs at a speed of 10% Δ between lactate threshold one (LT) and two (LT2) (14.1 ± 0.9 km·h-1). Measurements were taken at 15 min intervals for RE (expressed as energy cost [EC] and oxygen cost [OC]), ventilation (V̇E), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Reliability was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficient of variation (CV), typical error (TE), and systematic differences. Both EC and OC demonstrated excellent reliability (ICCs 0.96-0.99; TEs 0.7%-1.4%; CVs 0.6%-1.2%) consistent across all time points (p > 0.15). V̇E and HR were highly reliable, whereas RPE and BLa exhibited greater variability, such that BLa became less reliable with run duration, especially after 60 min of exercise (time effect on BLa CV: p = 0.01). These results indicate that relatively modest changes in RE durability due to interventions or between conditions are likely to be detected, and provide critical information for future experiments aiming to measure and enhance the durability of endurance athletes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"30 1","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Occluding Tension Phase Transition Occurs Between 30% and 40% 1RM in Dynamic Knee Extension Exercise.","authors":"Matthew D Fliss, Max J Abercrombie, Katrin G Denson, Lucas Wiens, Justin M Losciale, Allyson M Schweitzer, Ian F Coccimiglio, Thomas R Tripp, Jamie F Burr, Martin J MacInnis, Cameron J Mitchell","doi":"10.1111/sms.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sms.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxygen delivery and utilization to working muscle(s) are essential for sustained exercise performance. Higher contractile loads can occlude intramuscular blood vessels, limiting oxygen perfusion, while lighter loads minimize occlusion and allow perfusion. This study explored how external load impacted relative muscle endurance, work capacity, and muscle oxygenation in free-flow and cuff-occluded states to estimate the load at which a muscle occludes itself. Twenty-nine participants (10 untrained (UT), 9 endurance-trained (ET), 10 resistance-trained (RT); 14 females, 15 males) completed repetitions to task failure at 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 80% of their unilateral knee-extension 1RM in free-flow and cuff-occluded states, with muscle oxygenation (SmO₂) measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Compared to cuff-occlusion, greater work capacity and SmO₂ were observed in the free-flow state at 15%-30% 1RM (p < 0.05), but no differences were seen at 40% and 80% 1RM (p ≥ 0.05). In the free-flow state above 40% 1RM, RT participants performed more work than UT and ET (p < 0.05), with no differences between UT and ET (p ≥ 0.05). At 25% and 30% 1RM, ET and RT participants performed more work than UT (p < 0.05), with no differences between ET and RT (p ≥ 0.05). At 15% and 20% 1RM, ET participants performed more work than UT and RT (p < 0.05). These results suggest a load range of > 30% but ≤ 40% 1RM may represent a phase transition in critical occluding tension of the quadriceps, with contractile induced occlusion occurring above this range, and perfusion occurring below.</p>","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"35 6","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Metabolic Activity and Morphology of Lower Limb Muscles 1–2 Years Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","authors":"Benjamin Dutaillis, Tyler Collings, Philip Bellinger, Ryan G. Timmins, Benjamin Kennedy, Matthew N. Bourne","doi":"10.1111/sms.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70079","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore between‐limb differences in gluteal, quadriceps, hamstring, and triceps surae muscle size and activity during a repeated vertical jump‐landing task in individuals with a history of unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Twelve recreationally active participants with a unilateral history of ACLR involving a semitendinosus autograft (1–2.5 years post‐surgery) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and immediately after 60 vertical jumps. Exercise‐induced increases in transverse (T2) relaxation times and resting muscle volumes were measured in 12 lower limb muscles. Linear mixed models were used to explore differences between the ACLR and uninjured contralateral limb, as well as their relationship with vertical jump performance. Reconstructed limbs displayed smaller muscle volumes in vastus medialis (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.028), rectus femoris (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.019), semitendinosus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and gastrocnemius lateral head (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.028) than homonymous muscles in the uninjured contralateral limb. Limbs with a history of ACLR also exhibited smaller percentage changes in T2 relaxation time for semitendinosus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), semimembranosus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002), lateral gastrocnemius (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.014), and soleus (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.008), while the vastus lateralis displayed a greater increase (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001) than uninjured contralateral limbs. Between‐limb asymmetry in quadriceps muscle volume and activity was associated with between‐limb asymmetry in vertical jump‐landing impulse (r<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.30–0.34). The findings from this study may help to inform the design of exercise interventions aimed at restoring lower limb function and reducing reinjury risk in individuals with a history of ACLR.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}