Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis - a Danish nested case-control study.","authors":"Emma Celia Herting, Rasmine Birn-Rydder, Konstantin Kazankov, Peter Jepsen","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2375772","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2375772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD cirrhosis) has a weaker effect on acute myocardial infarction (MI) than on other arterial or venous thromboses, and the reasons for this pattern are unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors of MI amongst patients with ALD cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide register-based nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of all Danish patients diagnosed with ALD cirrhosis from 2000-2019. Patients with first-time MI after diagnosis of ALD cirrhosis were identified as cases, and matching cohort members (10:1) with no history of MI, using risk-set sampling. We selected candidate risk factors <i>a priori</i> and used conditional logistic regression to study the association between them and the adjusted odds ratio of MI.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>We included 373 cases and 3,730 controls. We identified the following risk factors for MI: hospitalization for infection (adjusted odds ratio 2.26 [95% CI 1.38-3.71]), recent surgery (adjusted odds ratio 1.82 [95% CI 1.18-2.81]), history of atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.89 [95% CI 1.39-2.57]), cardiac ischemia (adjusted odds ratio 6.23 [95% CI 4.30-9.04]), heart failure (adjusted odds ratio 2.83 [95% CI 1.90-4.22]) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (adjusted odds ratio 2.26 [95% CI 1.62-3.17]). Use of anticoagulants had a protective effect (adjusted odds ratio 0.47 [95% CI 0.25-0.91]). Our findings contribute to the understanding of risk factors for MI in patients with ALD cirrhosis. They may have clinical implications e.g. for the decision to offer thromboprophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of pyloroplasty may improve glycemic control and refractory early satiety in gastroparesis at rates similar to gastric neurostimulation alone: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Justin Bauzon, Michael Y Wang, Annabel E Barber","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2386038","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2386038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Gastroparesis that is refractory to standard dietary and medical management may benefit from surgical treatment with gastric electrical neurostimulation, which has shown promise in reducing symptoms of the disease. Pyloroplasty may serve an adjunctive role to a gastric stimulator, but the precise benefit remains unclear. The present study compares reported rates of symptom improvement following gastric neurostimulator implantation with and without pyloroplasty.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single center retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who received operative management for symptom refractory gastroparesis from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 was performed. Subjects were assigned to cohorts based on treatment with gastric electrical stimulation alone (GES-only) or combined with pyloroplasty (GES + PP). A survey-based assessment was administered post-operatively that evaluated cardinal symptoms of gastroparesis (nausea, vomiting, early satiety) before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 42 patients (15 GES-only, 27 GES + PP) were included in the study. Both groups reported a high degree of improvement in global symptom control following surgery (93% vs 81%) with no differences between treatment cohorts (<i>p</i> = 0.09). Early satiety demonstrated better improvement in patients who received gastric stimulation alone (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Subgroup analysis of diabetic gastroparesis patients showed a 2.2% decrease in hemoglobin A1c levels in the GES + PP group (<i>p</i>-0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Symptom reduction in refractory gastroparesis appears to improve after placement of a gastric neurostimulator with or without the addition of a pyloroplasty procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"1035-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing incidence of celiac disease in Southern Sweden.","authors":"Jesper Lexner, Spencer Clarkson, Klas Sjöberg","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2378045","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2378045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of celiac disease (CD) has increased rapidly in the late 20^th and early 21^st centuries, but there are recent reports of rates levelling off in countries with a high prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate current trends in CD in southern Sweden.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Children and adults diagnosed with CD by biopsy or serology in the region of Skåne, southern Sweden, from 2010-2022 were included. The home address was identified through registers to analyze temporal and geographical trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3218 CD-patients were identified (52.2% children), the vast majority detected in clinical care but a few children by screening studies. The age-standardized incidence rate was 18.6 cases/10⁵. The incidence decreased at a rate of -0.75 cases/10⁵ (95% CI -1.14 to -0.35, p 0.002). The incidence among girls under 18 years almost halved throughout the study period, decreasing by -2.94 cases/10⁵ (95% CI -4.59 to -1.29, p 0.002), while there only were small changes among men. The most common age of onset was 3-9 years. CD incidence varied by place of living and was more common in small towns than urban or rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of CD in southern Sweden is decreasing, primarily in children and women who traditionally have had the highest risk of CD. CD was diagnosed most frequently in children 3-9 years old. There were regional variations in incidence. CD was most common in small towns, pointing to the importance of environmental factors in CD etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"1039-1048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance after surgery for pancreatic cancer: a global scoping review of guidelines and a nordic Survey of contemporary practice.","authors":"Daniel Ansari, Kjetil Søreide, Bodil Andersson, Carsten Palnæs Hansen, Hanna Seppänen, Ernesto Sparrelid, Knut Jørgen Labori, Jakob Kirkegård, Saila Kauhanen, Christopher Månsson, Linn Såve Nymo, Minna Nortunen, Bergthor Björnsson, Antti Kivivuori, Bobby Tingstedt, Svein-Olav Bratlie, Kim Waardal, Johanna Laukkarinen, Asif Halimi, Hannes Lindberg, Håkan Olin, Roland Andersson","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2378948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2378948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Most patients with pancreatic cancer who have undergone surgical resection eventually develop disease recurrence. ‍This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence to support routine surveillance after pancreatic cancer surgery, with a secondary aim of analyzing the implementation of surveillance strategies in the Nordic countries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted to identify clinical practice guidelines globally and research studies relating to surveillance after pancreatic cancer resection. This was followed by a survey among 20 pancreatic units from four Nordic countries to assess their current practice of follow-up for operated patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 16 clinical practice guidelines and 17 research studies were included. The guidelines provided inconsistent recommendations regarding postoperative surveillance of pancreatic cancer. The clinical research data were mainly based on retrospective cohort studies with low level of evidence and lead-time bias was not addressed. Active surveillance was recommended in Sweden and Denmark, but not in Norway beyond the post-operative/adjuvant period. Finland had no national recommendations for surveillance. The Nordic survey revealed a wide variation in reported practice among the different units. About 75% (15 of 20 units) performed routine postoperative surveillance. Routine CA 19-9 testing was used by 80% and routine CT by 67% as part of surveillance. About 73% of centers continued follow-up until 5 years postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence for routine long-term (i.e. 5 years) surveillance after pancreatic cancer surgery remains limited. Most pancreatic units in the Nordic countries conduct regular follow-up, but protocols vary.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fecal immunochemical test cut-off levels on adenoma detection rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Melissa Zarandi-Nowroozi, Mahsa Taghiakbari, Alan Barkun, Heiko Pohl, Bénédicte Nauche, Miguel Chagnon, Daniel von Renteln","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2356649","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2356649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is higher after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) compared to direct screening colonoscopy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis evaluated how ADR, the rates of advanced adenoma detection (AADR), colorectal cancer detection (CDR), and sessile serrated lesion detection (SSLDR) are affected by different FIT positivity thresholds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and EBM Reviews databases for studies reporting ADR, AADR, CDR, and SSLDR according to different FIT cut-off values in asymptomatic average-risk individuals aged 50-74 years old. Data were stratified according to sex, age, time to colonoscopy, publication year, continent, and FIT kit type. Study quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 4280 articles were retrieved and fifty-eight studies were included (277,661 FIT-positive colonoscopies; mean cecal intubation 96.3%; mean age 60.8 years; male 52.1%). Mean ADR was 56.1% (95% CI 53.4 - 58.7%), while mean AADR, CDR, and SSLDR were 27.2% (95% CI 24.4 - 30.1%), 5.3% (95% CI 4.7 - 6.0%), and 3.0% (95% CI 1.7 - 4.6%), respectively. For each 20 μg Hb/g increase in FIT cut-off level, ADR increased by 1.54% (95% CI 0.52 - 2.56%, <i>p</i> < 0.01), AADR by 3.90% (95% CI 2.76 - 5.05%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and CDR by 1.46% (95% CI 0.66 - 2.24%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Many detection rates were greater amongst males and Europeans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADRs in FIT-positive colonoscopies are influenced by the adopted FIT positivity threshold, and identified targets, importantly, proved to be higher than most current societal recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"882-892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The standardized training and assessment system for magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (with video).","authors":"Jing Li, Mudan Ren, Li Ren, Yumei Luo, Huanhuan Sun, Zhiyong Zhang, Shuixiang He, Guifang Lu","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2354424","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2354424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>To explore the feasibility of a standardized training and assessment system for magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The results of 90 trainees who underwent the standardized training and assessment system of the MCCG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2020 to November 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. The trainees were divided into three groups according to their medical backgrounds: doctor, nurse, and non-medical groups. The training and assessment system adopted the '7 + 2' mode, seven days of training plus two days of theoretical and operational assessment. The passing rates of theoretical, operational, and total assessment were the primary outcomes. Satisfaction and mastery of the MCCG was checked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety trainees were assessed; theoretical assessment's passing rates in the three groups were 100%. The operational and total assessment passing rates were 100% (25/25), 97.92% (47/48), and 94.12% (16/17), for the doctor, nurse, and non-doctor groups respectively, with no significant difference (χ² = 1.741, <i>p</i> = 0.419). No bleeding or perforation occurred during the procedure. Approximately, 96.00% (24/25), 95.83% (46/48), and 94.12% (16/17) of the doctor, nurse and non-medical groups anonymously expressed great satisfaction, respectively, without statistically significant difference (χ² = 0.565, <i>p</i> = 1.000). The average follow-up time was 4-36 months, and 87 trainees (96.67%) had mastered the operation of the MCCG in daily work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Standardized training and assessment of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopists is effective and feasible. Additionally, a strict assessment system and long-term communication and learning can improve teaching effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"989-995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive triamcinolone acetonide injection regimen can highly prevent stricture after extensive esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection.","authors":"Kenichiro Okimoto, Tomoaki Matsumura, Naoki Akizue, Satsuki Takahashi, Ryosuke Horio, Chihiro Goto, Akane Kurosugi, Michiko Sonoda, Tatsuya Kaneko, Yuki Ohta, Takashi Taida, Keiko Saito, Keisuke Matsusaka, Jun Kato, Jun-Ichiro Ikeda, Naoya Kato","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2360557","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2360557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the utility of intensive triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections after extensive esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 27 lesions in 27 consecutive patients who underwent ESD (ulcers encompassing ≥3/4 of the esophageal circumference) and received TA injections without oral steroid administration. Groups A and B included patients undergoing ESD with and without complete circumferential resection, respectively. All patients received TA injections (100 mg/session) immediately after ESD. In Group A, weekly based TA injections were performed until near-complete ulcer epithelialization. In Group B, patients did not receive additional injections or received weekly or biweekly TA injections. The primary outcome was stricture rate, and the secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients requiring endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) and the number of TA injections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A included 7 lesions, and Group B included 20 lesions. The median (range) tumor lengths were 40 (30-90) and 45 (30-110) mm in Groups A and B, respectively. In Group A, the median circumferential resection diameter was 40 (20-80) mm. The stricture rate and the proportion of patients requiring EBD were 0 (0%) in Group A and 1 (5.0%) in Group B. The number of TA injection sessions was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (8 [5-25] vs 1.5 [1-3]; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intensive weekly or biweekly based TA injections might aid in preventing post-ESD stricture and the need for EBD in patients undergoing extensive resection involving the entire esophageal circumference.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"996-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive liver fibrosis markers are independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis risk in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Jingru Su, Liyuan Zhou, Jia Liu, Ying Wang, Guang Wang","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2364878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2364878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The overall morbidity and mortality of CVD increase with higher fibrosis stage in NAFLD. Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is an important predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between liver fibrosis degree and the risk of CAS in NAFLD patients remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between noninvasive liver fibrosis markers and CAS risk in patients with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study included 3,302 participants with NAFLD. Participants were divided into a CAS group and a non-CAS group based on carotid artery ultrasound results. They were then stratified into quartiles using various noninvasive liver fibrosis markers (fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), modified FIB-4 (mFIB-4), aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), AAR-to-platelet ratio index (AARPRI), and Forns index) to assess the associations between these markers and the risk of CAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the NAFLD population, individuals with CAS exhibited elevated levels of blood pressure, glucose, lipids, and noninvasive liver fibrosis markers (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The higher quartiles of noninvasive liver fibrosis markers, including FIB-4, mFIB-4, AAR, AARPRI, and Forns index, were significantly associated with increased risks of CAS, even after adjusting for multiple CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In individuals with NAFLD, increased noninvasive liver fibrosis markers were independently associated with elevated CAS risk, which may be beneficial in assessing the risk of CVD in individuals with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"961-971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of chest X-rays when screening for latent tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease before starting biologic treatment.","authors":"Sebastian Bonde Christiansen, Mark Andrew Ainsworth","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2368248","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2368248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guidelines generally recommend a combination of immunological assays and chest X-ray imaging (CXR) when screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prior to biologic treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether CXR identify patients with suspected LTBI/TB who were not identified with QuantiFERON tests (QFT) when screening for LTBI/TB before starting biologic treatment in IBD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who had a QFT and a CXR prior to initiation of biologic treatment in a 5-year period (October 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>520 patients (56% female, mean age 40.1 years) were included. The majority had none or few risk factors for TB (as reflected by the demographic characteristics) but some risk factors for having false negative QFT results (concurrent glucocorticoid treatment and inflammatory activity). QFT results were positive in 8 patients (1.5%), inconclusive in 18 (3.5%) and negative in 494 (95.0%). Only 1 patient (0.19%) had CXR findings suspicious of LTBI. This patient also had a positive QFT and was subsequently diagnosed with active TB. All patients with negative or inconclusive QFT had CXR without any findings suggesting LTBI/TB. One patient developed active TB after having initiated biologic treatment in spite of having negative QFT and a normal CXR at screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a population with low risk of TB, the benefits of supplementing the QFT with a CXR are limited and are unlikely to outweigh the cost in both patient test-burden, radioactive exposure, and economic resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"918-924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM): time to redefine TDM.","authors":"Konstantinos Papamichael, Nurulamin M Noor, Adam S Cheifetz","doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2355505","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2355505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21461,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"1021-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}