Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Inhibitory Effect of Geraniol on CCL4-induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Sabah Ali Alzahrani, Gamal M Bekhet, Rebai Ben Ammar, Basem M Abdallah, Enas Mohamed Ali, Saeed Y Al-Ramadan, Duaa Althumairy, Peramaiyan Rajendran","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_225_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_225_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatotoxicity caused by CCL₄ is well known. Geraniol (GNL) has high antioxidant effect that can induces liver regeneration. However, the protective effect of GNL effect on CCL₄-induced hepatorenal toxicity in pregnant mice has not yet been studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether GNL could protect against oxidative stress induced by CCL₄ via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and has been found to have protective effects on renal and hepatic tissues.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-eight female albino mice weighing 25-30 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups: Group I served as a control; Group II received a toxicity-inducing single dose of 15 μL of CCL₄ on the 4^th day after mating; Group III received 40 mg/kg GNL + CCL₄ (with GNL from the 1^st day of assimilation to delivery); and Group IV received GNL alone from the 1^st day of assimilation to the end of the delivery period. GNL was evaluated for its protective effects on hepatotoxicity in CCL₄-treated pregnant mice. Litter size, weight, survival rate, and resorption were recorded. In addition, H & E staining was done for liver and kidney pathology as well as biochemical markers and oxidative markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCL₄ significantly reduced survival rate and increased resorption after exposure. Alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in the serum, tissue MDA, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were increased after CCL₄ exposure. GNL improved enzyme and antioxidant levels and prevented CCL₄-induced hepatic injury in mice. Caspase-3 cleavage was decreased by GNL, which increased PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, Nrf2, and B-cell lymphoma 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GNL demonstrates a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity, mediated through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the upregulation of Nrf2. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic implications of GNL in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver and kidney tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia of Ageing: Does a Healthier Lifestyle Matter in Reversing the Trajectory? A Brief Narrative Review and a Call for Action in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdullah F Alghannam, Dalal S Alharbi, Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_54_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_54_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of health span is an emerging topic in recent years, with a truly palpable relevance to public health. With ageing comes a loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance, which is termed as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a major public health concern and poses a challenge to health-care systems. Modifiable lifestyle factors may be linked to the course of sarcopenia progression. Many countries developed diagnostic tools to accurately detect sarcopenia for its prevention, delay, or treatment. However, to date, there is no sufficient information regarding the status of sarcopenia in Saudi Arabia. The review aims to discuss sarcopenia and relevant updates in research and literature, the association with modifiable lifestyle factors, the implications of sarcopenia in a rapidly developing country such as Saudi Arabia, and the current state and need for research in Saudi Arabia in this domain along with future directions in combating this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Management in Kidney Transplant Recipients Per KDIGO and American Heart Association Guidelines: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Ziad Arabi, Mohammed Tawhari, Abdullah Ashour Alghamdi, Ahmad Alnasrullah","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_95_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_95_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2013 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommends statin treatment for all adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), except those aged <30 years of age and without prior cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), but does not specify on-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) target levels. The 2018 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines addressed the management of hyperlipidemia in the general population based on an individualized approach of the CVRF with a specific on-treatment LDL target.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze dyslipidemia management according to the recommendations of the KDIGO and AHA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included all KTRs who underwent transplantation between January 2017 and May 2020 at King Abdulaziz Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The rate of statins prescription in general, rate of statins prescription among KTRs per their CVRF, and rate of achieving the proposed LDL goals, as defined by the AHA, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 287 KTRs were included. Of the 214 (74.6%) patients aged ≥30 years, 80% received a statin. Statins were prescribed in 93% and 96% of KTRs with diabetes or coronary artery disease, respectively. In patients aged ≥30 years, LDL targets, per AHA guidelines, were achieved in 62% with a target of 2.6 mmol/l, and in 19% with a target of 1.8 mmol/l. Statin therapy resulted in non-significant changes in the mean LDL values from baseline to 12 months after transplantation (<i>P</i> = 0.607), even when only patients prescribed statin after transplantation were included (<i>P</i> = 0.34).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By applying the KDIGO guidelines, a high rate of statin prescriptions was achieved among KTRs with multiple CVRF and KTRs in general. However, a significant proportion of these KTRs did not achieve the LDL targets proposed by the AHA guidelines, suggesting that higher-intensity statins would be required to achieve these targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response: Video-EEG Monitoring and Cerebral Imaging are Mandatory in Patients with Functional Seizures.","authors":"Hussain Alyami","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_509_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_509_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video-electroencephalography Monitoring and Cerebral Imaging are Mandatory in Patients with Functional Seizures.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_413_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_413_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombolytic Therapy in Strokes: A Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis of 40 Patients in a 7-Year Period: The Experience of a Greek Internal Medicine Department","authors":"Athina Myrou, Anthoula Tsolaki, Thomas Tegos, Christos Savopoulos","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in developed countries. In acute ischemic stroke, the standard treatment is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The benefits of the treatment depend on the time of administration, the earlier it is administered, the greater its benefit. There are limited studies on the retrospective outcome of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke outside of clinical trials. The present retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical data of 40 patients over 7 years who were hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke at the AHEPA University Hospital in Greece. From January 2013 to December 2020, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted and treated. Computed tomography (CT) was performed at 24 h after thrombolytic treatment or earlier in case of neurological worsening. The hospital had 3 months follow-up at the stroke clinic and data consisting of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), functional outcome assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality were reviewed in the medical records from the stroke clinic. The clinical outcome of functional independence defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2 at 3 months was evaluated. Safety outcomes were in-hospital mortality, mortality at 3 months, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) defined by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) criteria. The main finding of the present study, that there was an overall reduction in the NIHSS scale after thrombolysis, proves that the patients showed improvement after performing thrombolysis. Consequently, from the total of 40 thrombolysis performed at the clinic, it can be concluded that most patients had a good outcome.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report of Numb Chin Syndrome (NCS) in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)","authors":"Omar Basubrain","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.005","url":null,"abstract":"Numb chin syndrome is a rare presentation due to injury to mental nerve characterized by numbness, hypoesthesia, and paresthesia. This syndrome is mostly presented with dental interventions, traumatic injuries, or malignant pathologies. We report a unique case of a 20-year-old male diagnosed with sickle cell disease presented with loss of sensation over right chin area secondary to the vaso-occlusive crisis. This case depicts a complex relationship between neurological complications and hemoglobinopathies of SCD.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease X: Are we Ready to Tackle the Next Global Pandemic Again?","authors":"Rahul shil, Shreyasee Das","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Care Associated Infective Endocarditis in Hemodialysis: More than Just Valve Infection- A Case Series","authors":"Devanath, D, Prashant G. Kedlaya, Jairam, A, Renuka Renuka, Shashank S. Dhareshwar","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases and infections are the two main causes of mortality in Hemodialysis patients [1, 6]. Health care associated infective endocarditis among them carries higher morbidity and mortality. The following is a case series of 3 Enterococcal endocarditis in HD patients and our experience in the management.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Presentation of Rhabdomyolysis &amp; Acute Kidney Injury in a Young Patient with Associated Pancreatitis of Un-Known Etiology","authors":"Arif Noormohammed Thekiya, Ahmed Salah Eid, Aalya Mohamed, Magdoleen Ibrahim A. Sabbah, Ali Aziz, Waleed H. Flayyih, Sameh Mohamed, Rehan Ahmed, Alaa Bbiker M. Ahmed","doi":"10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2023.v08i10.002","url":null,"abstract":"A case of 41-year-old patient presented with left lower leg cellulitis, laboratory investigations showed elevated CK levels of more than 193000 U/L, high pancreatic enzymes level namely amylase &amp; lipase, significant electrolyte and acid base abnormalities. Diagnosis of Rhabdomyolysis made based on CK level results in acute pancreatitis. This patient developed acute renal failure with all above in mind, he stayed inpatient for 19 days. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the unusually high CK with unusual association of acute pancreatitis leading to rhabdo¬myolysis and the associated morbidity.","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}