Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of Dupilumab Treatment in Refractory Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Asma Alnajjar, Muath Najmi, Rand Arnaout, Abdullah Alqaraawi, Fahad Alsohaibani, Aymen Almuhaidb, Abdulrahman Alfadda, Mohamed Ahmed, Sameer Desai, Bader Alajlan","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_43_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_43_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dupilumab, an IL-4 and IL-13 inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a type two inflammatory disease. Few studies from Saudi Arabia have reported the prevalence and characteristics of EoE and treatment response, particularly dupilumab.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report dupilumab treatment outcomes in adult Saudi patients with EoE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included all adult treatment-refractory EoE patients who received subcutaneous dupilumab 300 mg between January 2023 and November 2024 at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and procedural data were recorded. The primary outcome was to evaluate clinical response to dupilumab, and the secondary outcome was to compare Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) and histological outcome following dupilumab treatment with baseline assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 patients were included (mean age: 29.7 ± 11.2 years; male: 63.6%). At baseline, most had dysphagia to solids (95.5%) and type 2 inflammatory comorbidities (72.7%). In addition, all patients were on PPIs and had >15 eosinophils/hpf on histology. After dupilumab treatment, 91% (95% CI: 74.3%-97.9%) achieved symptomatic improvement. Post-dupilumab esophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed in 21 patients (median duration: 9.5 months), and most showed reduced inflammatory features. EREFS scores decline from a median of 3 units at baseline to 1 unit after dupilumab treatment (<i>P</i> <0.001). Histological remission (<15 eosinophils/hpf) was achieved in 87.5% of biopsied patients (63% of total cohort). Adverse events occurred in 27.3%, mainly injection-site reactions (66.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort study of Saudi adults with refractory eosinophilic esophagitis, dupilumab treatment was associated with significant clinical, endoscopic, and histological improvements, in addition to having an acceptable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 3","pages":"254-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Physiotherapy on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Hani A Alkhawajah, Hani Al-Abbad, Ali M Albarrati, Ali M Alshami","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_729_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_729_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spine pain conditions, such as low back pain (LBP) and neck pain, are prevalent musculoskeletal disorders. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been implicated as a potential contributor to pain. However, research investigating the impact of physiotherapy interventions on ANS function in patients with spinal pain disorders remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to examine the influence of physiotherapy interventions on the ANS in patients with spinal pain conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register to identify eligible randomized clinical trials. For meta-analysis, a random-effects model was used to compare the effects of physiotherapy interventions on ANS outcomes to comparison interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 11 were eligible for meta-analysis. Nine studies focused on participants with LBP, while seven studies focused on neck pain. The included studies investigated a variety of physiotherapy interventions compared to various control interventions. The meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in ANS-related parameters between physiotherapy and comparison groups for LBP (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.12; 95% CI: -0.10, 0.32; <i>I²</i> = 55%) or neck pain (SMD = 0.09; 95% CI: - 0.29, 0.46; <i>I² =</i> 74%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis found no evidence that physiotherapy interventions induce ANS modulation compared to other interventions.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO (registration no.: CRD42023460760).</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 3","pages":"223-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Body Appreciation among Saudi Young Adults: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) Arabic Version.","authors":"Mohsen M Al Emad, Malkah M Al-Mutawa, Kateb A Alshammari, Hasan A Alzahrani","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_894_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_894_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Positive body image, particularly body appreciation, is essential for mental well-being. The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used tool, but a standalone psychometric validation for the Saudi population is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To validate the Arabic version of the BAS-2 by examining its reliability, factor structure, and measurement invariance among young adults from Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a cross-sectional survey involving a convenience sample of 900 university students (62% female; mean age: 24.8 years). The dataset was randomly split for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; <i>n</i> = 630) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; <i>n</i> = 270). Fit was evaluated using RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, and TLI. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Measurement invariance was assessed with multi-group CFA using R software (lavaan package, Version 4.4.1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data suitability was supported (KMO = 0.95; Bartlett's test <i>P</i> < 0.001). Parallel analysis indicated an optimal unidimensional structure, explaining 71% of the variance, with all item loadings exceeding 0.68. CFA confirmed adequate fit (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.03, GFI = 0.90, and AGFI = 0.83), though RMSEA (0.12; 90% CI: 0.10-0.14) was beyond the threshold of 0.01. All items loaded strongly onto a single factor (loadings ≥0.678). Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96, ω = 0.96). Full metric and scalar invariance were supported across sex and age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Arabic version of BAS-2 is both reliable and valid for Saudi young adults, supporting its use in research and interventions to promote body appreciation amid cultural and obesity-related challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Harris Hip Score for Arabic-Speaking Patients.","authors":"Abdulraheem A Altalib, Sulaiman A Almousa, Mohammad M Alzahrani, Bandar A Alzahrani, Ahmed K Alsenan, Hashem A Alkhamis","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_362_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_362_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The English language Harris Hip Score (HHS) is widely adopted tool that measures the health of the hip joint through pain, function, and disabilities domains. The aim of this study is to translate the HHS into Arabic (HHS-A) and then assess its validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The HHS-A underwent cross-cultural adaptation involving forward- and backtranslation following recommended guidelines, and then a pilot testing. Validity was assessed by comparing it with the Arabic SF-36 for convergent and divergent validity. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated with through a subgroup analysis of 20 participants using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and minimal detectable change (MDC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 149 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. The mean adjusted total HHS-A score was 45.02 (±17.95), and were 17.15 and 27.87 for pain and function domains, respectively. The pain domain of HHS-A showed strong correlations with physical function (PF) (<i>r</i> = 0.686, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and the physical component summary (PCS) score (<i>r</i> = 0.662, <i>P</i> < 0.001) of the SF-36, while the function domain showed strong correlation with PF (<i>r</i> = 0.742, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and moderate correlation with the physical component summary PCS (<i>r</i> = 0.588, <i>P</i> < 0.001), indicating good convergent validity. A weak correlation was observed between pain domain and the function domain with mental health (<i>r</i> = 0.320, <i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = 0.230, <i>P</i> < 0.01, respectively), indicating divergent validity. Both total and function domain demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.83 and 0.81, respectively). The ICC of the pain and function domains was 0.986 and 0.982, respectively, and the MDC was 3.01 and 3.56 points, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Arabic version of the Harris Hip Score is found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing hip pathologies within Arabic-speaking populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Therapy Integration in Primary Care for Noncommunicable Diseases: A Scoping Review of Evidence, Barriers, and Implementation Pathways for Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Saad M Bindawas, Vishal Vennu, Ahmad F Alahmary, Lobna AlJuffali","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_304_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_304_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) impact a substantial proportion of adults in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the need for innovative preventive care models. Integrating physical therapy (PT) into primary care is a potentially promising strategy to enhance early intervention, reduce disability, and improve healthcare efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aimed to examine global evidence on the integration of PT into primary care for NCD management, identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, and evaluate its applicability in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley frameworks, and following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted comprehensive literature searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published between January 2010 and August 2024. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from studies involving adults with NCDs receiving PT in primary care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 studies (<i>N</i> = 22,830) met inclusion criteria: 17 randomized controlled trials, 5 prospective cohorts, 1 non-randomized trial, and 1 meta-analysis. Most studies showed improvements in pain, function, and quality of life, with early PT and direct-access models proving cost-effective. However, 96% of the studies were from Western, high-income settings, highlighting a critical evidence gap for Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite strong international evidence, specific data for Saudi Arabia are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for local studies to determine the usefulness of integrating physical therapy into noncommunicable disease prevention and management, in alignment with Vision 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Proportion of Deaths Attributable to Ill-defined Causes in Bahrain from 2000 to 2020.","authors":"Randah R Hamadeh, Enjy Khedr","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_742_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_742_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality data are used to assess the development and implementation of health policies, set public health priorities, and evaluate population health. The proportions of ill-defined causes of death (IDCODs) and garbage codes (GCs) impact the accuracy of mortality data.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the temporal evolution of the proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of IDCODs in Bahrain between 2000 and 2020 and to examine variations by age, sex, and nationality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed mortality statistics from 2000 to 2020 from official Bahrain data platforms. The PMR of the IDCODs was computed and examined for correlations with various causes of death (CODs). IDCODs were then redistributed to well-defined CODs using Ledermann's method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IDCODs were among the top three CODs in Bahrain until 2014, with the highest PMR (28.8%) in 2009. In 2015, their PMR decreased significantly, and by 2017, it had fallen to 1.9%. Over several years, the ranking of GCs was affected by the inclusion of non-ICD codes (deaths listed as \"undetermined\" or \"others\"). Males and those aged ≥65 years were more likely to have IDCODs. There was a strong negative correlation between IDCODs and mortality from circulatory disorders (<i>r</i> = -0.958) and neoplasms (<i>r</i> = -0.893). The redistribution of IDCODs primarily led to an increase in circulatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although Bahrain has made significant strides in reducing IDCODs, the use of non-ICD codes remains a concern. Mandatory training should be implemented to improve physicians' and medical students' proficiency in completing death certificates and to ensure regular audits of the coding process.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Cesarean Deliveries: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Khaldah Almotrafi, Raghad Alhuthil, Aljawharah Alkadi, Rogayah Sweilem, Abeer Hussain","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_573_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_573_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have gained global recognition for improving surgical outcomes, including in cesarean section (CS) deliveries. However, evidence regarding their implementation and impact within the Saudi Arabian context remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile and effectiveness of ERAS protocols compared to traditional care in CS deliveries at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A matched retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Women who underwent CS and received ERAS-based perioperative management between January 2020 and October 2021 were compared with those who received traditional care between October 2018 and January 2019. The primary outcome was postoperative complications; other outcomes included 30-day readmission rates, total hospital length of stay (LOS), and postoperative LOS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 516 women were included (258 in each group). The ERAS group demonstrated significantly shorter median total hospital LOS (2 vs. 5 days; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and postoperative LOS (40.5 vs. 83.5 hours; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Postoperative complications occurred in 8% of the total cohort, with significantly fewer complications in the ERAS group (3.1% vs. 12.8%; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The 30-day readmission rate was also significantly lower in the ERAS group (0.8% vs. 9.3%; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ERAS protocols for CS deliveries were found to be safe, effective, and feasible in a tertiary Saudi setting. Their implementation resulted in shorter hospital stays, reduced complications, and lower readmission rates, supporting broader adoption across similar healthcare contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Abdullah A Al-Abdulwahab, Abdulrahman A Alfryyan, Rakan S Alharbi, Raed Albukhari, Manal A Hasan, Safi Alqatari, Hajer M Alzuhair, Norah A Alasaker, Abdullah D Alotaibi","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_805_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_805_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the quality of life of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, considering demographic and clinical factors that may influence their well-being.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, with patients who had scheduled appointments at the rheumatology clinic from August 2023 to March 2024. The study included SLE-diagnosed patients with complete medical records who consented to participate. Data were collected using the Arabic version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Specific Quality of Life (SLEQOL) questionnaire, a structured online questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across six domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 SLE patients, with a mean age of 38.6 (±10.9) years, participated. The majority were female (89.1%) and Saudi nationals (97.3%). The overall mean SLEQOL score was 89.5. Physical functioning reflected the best QoL (11.4/42; 27.1%), while mood was most impaired (10.4/28; 37.1%). Treatment-related QoL (31.1%), activities (34.9%), self-image (36.6%), and symptom-related QoL (36.6%) showed intermediate impairment. Male patients had better physical functioning than females, Saudis reported better mood and activities-related QoL than non-Saudis, and patients without comorbidities had higher overall QoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the multidimensional impact of SLE in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Physical functioning was least affected, whereas mood was most impaired, with nationality, gender, and comorbidities influencing several domains. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive care that addresses physical, emotional, and psychological aspects to enhance patient well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"176-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Adults Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohammad Shah, Khulud K Alharbi, Tassnym H Sinky, Wahaj Khan, Hatim M Badri, Osama A Banah","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_718_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_718_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the prevalence and determinants of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study included all adult patients who attended primary health care centers of Makkah Health Cluster between 2021 and 2024. Data collected included sociodemographic factors, anthropometric measurements, and list of all physician-confirmed diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38,301 patients were included, of which 7% had hypertension, 9% had diabetes, and 64% were overweight/obese. Older and ever married patients had higher odds for hypertension (age: β = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.06-1.07, ever married; OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.31-1.99), diabetes (age: β = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.06, ever married; OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.67-2.50), and obesity (age; β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.07-0.08, ever married; β = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.71-2.36). Private employees had higher odds of hypertension (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.48) and diabetes (1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.44). Females had lower odds for diabetes (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58-0.70), but higher odds for hypertension (1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.22) and had greater body mass index (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.91). Retired individuals had greater odds of diabetes (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.51), but lower measurements of body mass index (β = -1.28, 95% CI: -1.59--0.97). Higher education was a protective predictor for both hypertension (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.88) and diabetes (0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.96). Saudis had greater odds for diabetes (1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.34) and lower body mass index (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.02-0.39).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among primary health care center attendees in Makkah, about two-thirds were found to be overweight or obese and 7% and 9% were hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. Predictors of hypertension and diabetes were older aged, married, and educationally disadvantaged groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPAR-γ agonist Inactivate Cellular Senescence by Inhibiting SIRT1 Signaling to Confer Increased Sensitivity to Olaparib in Ovarian Cancer Cells.","authors":"Zehua Wang, Weiwei Miao, Jianwen Gao, Xinyan Zhang","doi":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_814_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_814_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor resistance has emerged as a new challenge in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Intervening in cellular senescence to increase the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to olaparib has emerged as a key area of research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of PPAR-γ agonists in promoting sensitivity to olaparib in ovarian cancer cells that induce senescence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The tumor-inhibitory effects of different PPAR-γ agonists alone or in combination with olaparib were analyzed in a subcutaneous transplanted ovarian tumor model in nude mice. β-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and real-time PCR were used to detect changes in the cellular expression of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that the molecular mechanism underlying PPAR-γ agonist-mediated enhancement of olaparib's anti-tumor efficacy is mechanistically linked to the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Subsequent functional validation through Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses elucidated the critical modulatory role of SIRT1 signaling in determining olaparib sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vivo</i> experiments showed that different PPAR-γ agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) combined with olaparib significantly reduced the volume of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in the mice. Further studies found that the PPAR-γ agonists inhibited the expression of SIRT1, attenuated olaparib-induced cellular senescence in ovarian cancer cells, and consequently inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Importantly, the SIRT1 overexpression reversed these phenotypic changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPAR-γ agonists enhance olaparib sensitivity through suppression of the SIRT1 signaling pathway and attenuation of olaparib-induced cellular senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21442,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}