Rice最新文献

{"title":"E3 Ubiquitin Ligase OsRFI2 Regulates Salinity Tolerance by Targeting Ascorbate Peroxidase OsAPX8 for its Degradation in Rice.","authors":"Wenjing Zhao, Junli Wen, Juan Zhao, Linlin Liu, Mei Wang, Menghan Huang, Chaowei Fang, Qingpo Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00763-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00763-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects rice growth and production. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of salt stress response in rice remain largely unexplored. In this study, we established that the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase OsRFI2 plays a negative role in salt tolerance in rice. Knockout mutants of OsRFI2 (Osrfi2) exhibited high tolerance, whereas OsRFI2-overexpressed transgenic lines (OE-OsRFI2) were more sensitive to salt stress. OsRFI2 that has E3 ligase activity interacts with ascorbate peroxidase OsAPX8 in chloroplast, and catalyzes its ubiquitination and degradation through the 26 S proteasome pathway. The Osapx8 mutants, like OE-OsRFI2 lines, showed high sensitivity to high salt concentrations, accumulating greater amounts of MDA, H₂O₂ and O₂^-, which lead to compromised cell permeability and ROS accumulation. Thus, the OsRFI2-OsAPX8 module adds novel clues for better understanding the regulatory mechanism of salt stress response in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Candidate Genes for Hypoxia Tolerance in Rice by Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing.","authors":"Chenghang Tang, Di Bai, Xingmeng Wang, Guohui Dou, Jiaqi Lv, Yaling Bao, Nansheng Wang, Linjun Yu, You Zhou, Jinguo Zhang, Dezhuang Meng, Jun Zhu, Yingyao Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00765-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00765-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct-seeded rice has gained increasing popularity due to its advantage of lower labor costs. Flooding/hypoxia is an important abiotic stress with severe negative impacts on the germination and emergence of direct-seeded rice. Hence, improving the hypoxic germination tolerance of rice is an important way to promote the further development of direct-seeded rice. In this study, 276 rice germplasms were used as materials to analyze the correlation traits of hypoxia tolerance in rice by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). In addition, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the strong and weak hypoxic tolerance varieties under flooding and normal conditions. By comparing the results of GWAS and transcriptome sequencing, the candidate genes were further screened and analyzed.As a result, a total of 86 genes related to hypoxic germination tolerance were detected by GWAS, and 51 genes were mapped by GWAS and transcriptome sequencing. Combined with gene functional annotation and haplotype analysis, five important candidate genes related to hypoxia tolerance were screened, including LOC_Os01g07420, LOC_Os02g01890, LOC_Os03g45720, LOC_Os04g56920, and LOC_Os11g41680. The findings may provide an important foundation for mining and cloning of genes for hypoxic germination tolerance in rice with biotechnological improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsJAZ10 Modulates Metabolite Profiles in Rice Seedlings in Response to Alkaline Stress.","authors":"Dan Wang, Hongde An, Mingyue Wang, Xinyu Fu, Wen Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00762-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00762-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, known as inhibitors in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, have been reported to play a protective role against abiotic stress in plants. Nevertheless, the specific role of JAZ proteins in rice seedlings under alkaline stress remains unexplored. In this study, we mainly focus on OsJAZ10, investigating the physiological response mechanism and metabolic regulation on rice seedlings challenged by alkaline stress. Our results revealed that the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment ability of the OsJAZ10 overexpression lines were less affected by alkaline stress compared to WT (Wild-type) line. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of organic acids, including citrate and DL-malate, as well as amino acids such as DL-serine, DL-glutamine, threonine, glycine, and L-glutamate, in the OsJAZ10 overexpression plants in response to alkaline stress. Besides, OsJAZ10 was also involved in pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, carbon fixation, and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism in response to alkaline stress. Finally, OsJAZ10 was found to negatively regulated the biosynthesis and signaling of jasmonic acid pathway by repressing JA-responsive genes. Overall, this research elucidates the role of OsJAZ10 in conferring enhanced tolerance to alkaline stress in rice, providing valuable insights for the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYP75B4-Mediated Tricin and Lignin Accumulation Improve Salt Tolerance in Rice.","authors":"Nan Ruan, Hai Xu, Kaixuan Chen, Fuhao Tian, Deyuan Gao, Zihan Wang, Xiao Yang, Xia Yan, Ye Wang, Meihan Wang, Zhengjun Dang, Xuelin Yin, Yijun Tang, Quan Xu, Fengcheng Li, Wenfu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00764-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00764-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt stress limits plant growth and agricultural productivity and plants have evolved suitable mechanisms to adapt to salinity environments. It is important to characterize genes involved in plant salt tolerance, which will advance our understanding of mechanisms mediating salt tolerance and help researchers design ways to improve crop performances under high salinity environments. Here, we reported a CYP450 family member, CYP75B4, improves salt tolerance of rice seedlings by inducing flavonoid tricin and cell wall lignin accumulation. The CYP75B4 is highly expressed in tissues rich in cell walls and induced by salt treatment. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that CYP75B4 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The CYP75B4 overexpressing (CYP75B4-OE) lines showed significant enhancement in stem mechanical strength, whereas the cyp75b4 null mutants displayed weaker stems, as compared to the wild-type. Notably, the cyp75b4 and CYP75B4-OE lines showed decreased and improved, respectively, salt tolerance performances in terms of survival rate, ROS accumulation, and Na⁺/ K⁺ homeostasis. Additionally, the cyp75b4 mutants had a decreased tricin level, whereas CYP75B4-OE lines showed an increased tricin content, under both control or salinity conditions. Furthermore, treating the cyp75b4 mutants with tricin partly resorted salt stress tolerance to the wild-type levels, indicating a role of CYP75B4-mediated tricin production in rice response to salinity. Consistently, another tricin-deficient mutant cyp93g1 also displayed salt sensitivity and the tricin application could partly restore its salt-sensitive phenotypes. Moreover, the CYP75B4 significantly promotes lignin deposition in cell walls of mature stems and seedlings under salinity conditions, which probably contributes to the enhanced stem mechanical strength and improved salt tolerance in CYP75B4-OE plants. Our findings reveal a novel function of CYP75B4 in rice salt tolerance and lodging resistance by inducing tricin accumulation and lignin deposition in cell walls.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jasmonic Acid (JA) Signaling Pathway in Rice Defense Against Chilo suppressalis Infestation.","authors":"Andrews Danso Ofori, Wei Su, Tengda Zheng, Osmond Datsomor, John Kwame Titriku, Xing Xiang, Abdul Ghani Kandhro, Muhammad Irfan Ahmed, Edzesi Wisdom Mawuli, Richard Tuyee Awuah, Aiping Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00761-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00761-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays a crucial role in rice defense against the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, a notorious pest causing significant yield losses. This review explores the current understanding of JA-mediated defense mechanisms in rice, focusing on the molecular basis, regulatory elements, and practical implications for pest management. JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways are induced upon C. suppressalis infestation, leading to the activation of various defense responses. These include upregulation of JA-responsive genes involved in the production of proteinase inhibitors, volatile organic compounds, and other defensive compounds. The review also discusses the crosstalk between JA and other hormonal pathways, such as salicylic acid and ethylene, in fine-tuning defense responses. Structural modifications in rice plants, such as cell wall reinforcement and accumulation of secondary metabolites, have been highlighted as key components of JA-mediated defense against C. suppressalis. Furthermore, the practical applications of this knowledge in breeding insect-resistant rice varieties and developing sustainable pest management strategies were explored. Future research directions are proposed to further elucidate the complexities of JA signaling in rice-insect interactions and harness this knowledge to enhance crop protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Pyramiding Strategies for Sink Size and Source Capacity for High-Yield Japonica Rice Breeding.","authors":"Tadamasa Ueda, Yojiro Taniguchi, Shunsuke Adachi, Matthew Shenton, Kiyosumi Hori, Junichi Tanaka","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00756-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00756-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, high-yielding indica rice cultivars such as 'Habataki', 'Takanari', and 'Hokuriku 193' have been bred, and many genes related to the high-yield traits have been isolated from these and other indica cultivars. Many such genes are expected to be effective in increasing the yield of japonica rice, including those that increase sink size. It has been expected that high-yielding japonica rice could be bred by introducing sink-size genes into the genetic background of japonica cultivars such as 'Koshihikari', which show strong cold tolerance, have good taste characteristics, and fetch a high price. However, the corresponding near-isogenic lines did not necessarily produce high yields when tested in the field. In this review, we summarize information on the major high-yield-related rice genes and discuss pyramiding strategies to further increase the yield of japonica rice. In parallel with increasing sink size, source capacity needs to be increased by increasing photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area (single leaf photosynthesis), improving canopy structure, and increasing translocation capacity during the ripening stage. To implement these strategies, innovative breeding methodologies that efficiently produce the combinations of desired alleles are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Regulatory Networks Governing Seedling Emergence in Deep-Sown Direct-Seeded Rice Cultivation.","authors":"Jasneet Singh, Nitika Sandhu, Aman Kumar, Om Prakash Raigar, Sutej Bains, Gaurav Augustine, Muskan Gupta, Ekta Kharche, Anu Kalia, Navtej Singh Bains, Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00760-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00760-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of direct-seeded rice cultivation as a suitable alternative to transplanted puddled rice depends on developing genotypes with high seedling emergence under deep sown conditions. Two rice genotypes (IRGC 128442 and PR126) were screened for contrasting seedling emergence and subjected to high-throughput RNA sequencing under varying sowing depths (4 cm and 10 cm) and time intervals (5, 10, and 15 days after sowing). On average, a total of 2702 differentially expressed genes were identified across twelve inter- and intra-genotypic pairwise differential expression analyses, with a false discovery rate ≤ 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥ ± 2. The DEGs specifically showing differential expression under deep-sowing stress were prioritized and further refined based on their corresponding gene ontology terms, gene set enrichment analysis and KEGG and plant reactome pathway. From this pool of DEGs, 24 genes were validated using qRT-PCR. Among these, two genes (LOC_Os04g51460 and LOC_Os02g45450) contribute to cell wall remodelling and membrane stability, while three genes (LOC_Os04g48484, LOC_Os06g04399, and LOC_Os07g15440) play key roles in mitigating abiotic stress. Transcriptional regulators (LOC_Os06g33940 and LOC_Os01g45730) drive stress responses and growth. Notably, high fold changes in LOC_Os03g22720 and LOC_Os07g01960 underscore their importance in early stress responses and metabolic adjustments. The transcriptome analysis also highlighted the role of 29 heat shock proteins in response to deep sowing stress. Differential expression of key components in the abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signalling pathway such as OsABI5 (LOC_Os01g64000), phosphatase 2C-like (PP2C) (LOC_Os09g15670) and OsPYL (LOC_Os06g36670) indicated downregulation of ABA signalling in the genotype IRGC 128442. Additionally, a role for miRNA-mediated regulation of auxin response factors was hypothesized in seedling emergence regulation. The study brings us closer to understanding the genetic control of seedling emergence under deep sown conditions. Functional validation of the key candidate genes and pathways could provide new targets for genetic improvement, potentially contributing to the development of rice cultivars optimized for direct-seeded rice cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elite Alleles of EPE1 Identified via Genome-wide Association Studies Increase Panicle Elongation Length in Rice.","authors":"Hao Sun, Qiqi Yao, Mei Hai, Tianhu Li, Jinghan Sun, Zhengbo Liu, Yang Ang, Yingying Zhao, Yanan Zhang, Xianping Cheng, Tao Huang, Yinping Chang, Mingyu Du, Erbao Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00759-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00759-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Panicle elongation length (PEL), which determines panicle exsertion, is an important outcrossing-related trait. Mining genes controlling PEL in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has great practical significance in breeding cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines with increased PEL and simplified, high-efficiency seed production. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed on the PELs of 440 rice accessions in 2022 and 2023, considering 3.17 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to detect the effects of different genes on PEL. A total of five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with PEL were detected in both years by using the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM). Notably, our study identified a previously unreported QTL, qPE2.1. Three candidate genes associated with PEL were predicted by non-synonymous SNPs and functional annotation. We characterize one gibberellin (GA)-related gene, LOC_Os02g41954 (OsGA2ox9), which encodes gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 7 located in the cell membrane and nucleus. Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) has been reported to control GA levels by inactivating GA via 2-β hydroxylation. Compared with the short PELs of wild plants, mutant plants with Cas9-induced knockout (KO) of OsGA2ox9 exhibit long PELs. Therefore, OsGA2ox9 was identified as the key gene controlling PEL in rice. Haplotype analysis showed that the two polymorphisms of HapD cause amino acid residue changes from phenylalanine to leucine (F/L⁴³) and isoleucine to phenylalanine (I/F⁵²), which lead to the enhancement of panicle exsertion; therefore, we renamed this gene ENHANCED PANICLE EXSERTION (EPE1). Our study showed that EPE1 (OsGA2ox9) negatively regulated GA4 content in rice. Elite alleles of EPE1 can be used to further improve PEL in CMS lines to increase the outcrossing rate and yield or seed production in hybrid rice breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Improvement of rice Grain size Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System.","authors":"Tao Zhang, Zhengwei Wang, Qiaoquan Liu, Dongsheng Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00758-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00758-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice grain size influences both grain yield and quality, making it a significant target for rice genetic improvement. In recent years, numerous genes related to grain size with differential effects have been cloned. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing system is a convenient tool for modifying genes. The use of the CRISPR/Cas9 tool for the genetic improvement of grain size-related genes is worth exploring. This paper summarizes the known grain size-related genes and the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for grain size modification and discusses the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for improving rice grain size.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unelongated Stems are an Active Nitrogen-Fixing Site in Rice Stems Supported by Both Sugar and Methane Under Low Nitrogen Conditions.","authors":"Takanori Okamoto, Yukina Hotta, Rina Shinjo, Yoko Masuda, Arisa Nishihara, Ryosuke Sasaki, Masami Yokota Hirai, Reo Nishiwaki, Sota Miyado, Daisuke Sugiura, Motohiko Kondo","doi":"10.1186/s12284-025-00757-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-025-00757-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation in rice plants can reduce N fertilizer application and contribute to sustainable rice production, particularly under low-N conditions. However, detailed microbial and metabolic characterization of N fixation in rice stems, unlike in the well-studied roots, has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the active N-fixing sites, their diazotroph communities, and the usability of possible carbon sources in stems compared with roots. The N-fixing activity and copy number of the nitrogenase gene in the rice stem were high in the outer part of the unelongated stem (basal node), especially in the epidermis. N fixation, estimated using the acetylene reduction assay, was also higher in the leaf sheath and root than in the inner part of the unelongated stem and culm. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) close to sugar-utilizing heterotrophic diazotrophs belonging to Betaproteobacteria and type II methanotrophic diazotrophs belonging to Alphaproteobacteria were abundant in the outer part of the unelongated stems. Media containing crushed unelongated stems exhibited N-fixing activity when sucrose, glucose, and methane were added as the sole carbon sources. This suggested that N fixation in the unelongated stems was at least partly supported by sugars (sucrose and glucose) and methane as carbon sources. ASVs close to sugar-utilizing heterotrophs belonging to Actinobacteria were also highly abundant in the unelongated stem; however, their functions need to be further elucidated. The present finding that diazotrophs in rice stems can use sugars such as sucrose and glucose synthesized by rice plants provides new insights into enhancing N fixation in rice stems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":"18 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}