{"title":"OsPIPK-FAB, A Negative Regulator in Rice Immunity Unveiled by OsMBL1 Inhibition.","authors":"Ruina Zhang, Mengtian Pei, Shiyi Lin, Jing Chen, Jules Biregeya, Linlin Song, Changlin Peng, Pengcheng Jiang, Guo-Dong Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00747-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-024-00747-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphatidylinositol signaling system plays a crucial role in plant physiology and development, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) are one of the essential enzymes responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) within this signaling pathway. However, its mechanism of signal transduction remains poorly exploited in plants. OsMBL1, a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin in rice, plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms, acting as a key component of the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) pathway. Here, a rice phosphatidylinositol-phosphate kinase FAB (OsPIPK-FAB), a member of the rice PIPKs family, as an interacting protein of OsMBL1 through yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) screening assay. And this interaction was confirmed by using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and pull-down assay techniques. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the deletion of OsPIPK-FAB gene in plant enhanced resistance against rice blast while overexpression of OsPIPK-FAB increases sensitivity to the fungal infection. Additionally, through determination and measurement of the plant inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) contents and the plant phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) activity, we revealed that OsMBL1 inhibits the PIP5K kinase activity of OsPIPK-FAB as well as the plant IP3 contents in rice. Conclusively, these findings indicated that OsPIPK-FAB serves as a novel and critical component that is negatively involved in PTI activation and was inhibited by OsMBL1.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CRISPR-Based Modulation of uORFs in DEP1 and GIF1 for Enhanced Rice Yield Traits.","authors":"Qingqing Yang, Xu Tang, Yuechao Wu, Wenjie Zhu, Tao Zhang, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00743-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00743-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RicePub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00745-5
Yongchao Yu, Xuemei Xu, Yuxiang Hu, Yanfeng Ding, Lin Chen
{"title":"Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and Sugar Mediate Endosperm Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).","authors":"Yongchao Yu, Xuemei Xu, Yuxiang Hu, Yanfeng Ding, Lin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00745-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00745-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The yield potential of large-panicle rice is often limited by grain-filling barriers caused by the development of inferior spikelets (IS). Photoassimilates, which are the main source of rice grain filling, mainly enter the caryopsis through the dorsal vascular bundle. The distribution of assimilates between superior spikelets (SS) and IS is influenced by auxin-mediated apical dominance; however, the mechanism involved is still unclear. In this study, the effect of auxin signaling on the grain filling of SS and IS was investigated in two large-panicle japonica rice varieties, W1844 and CJ03. Compared to SS, IS displayed delayed initiation of filling and a significantly lower grain weight. Furthermore, the endosperm development in IS remained stagnant at the coenocytic stage. The development of the dorsal vascular bundle in the IS was also slow, and poor sucrose-unloading was observed during the initial grain filling stage. However, the endosperm development in IS immediately started after the improvement of dorsal vascular bundle development. GUS activity staining further revealed that indole-3-acetic (IAA) was localized in the dorsal vascular bundle and surrounding areas, suggesting that the low IAA content observed in the IS during the initial grain filling stage may have delayed the development of the dorsal vascular bundle. Therefore, these results demonstrate that IAA may control sugar transport and unloading by regulating dorsal vascular bundle development, consequently affecting endosperm development in IS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RicePub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00746-4
Jun Miao, Liubing Bu, Wenchen Tan, Ping Wang, Xiangbo Li, Xianfeng Li, Chuyan Chen, Kunming Zhang, Wenle Shen, Zhiyun Gong, Gulinaer Bahetibieke, Lei Ren, Guohua Liang, Yong Zhou
{"title":"OsPP2C49, a Negative Regulatory Factor in the Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathway, Positively Regulates Grain Yield in Rice.","authors":"Jun Miao, Liubing Bu, Wenchen Tan, Ping Wang, Xiangbo Li, Xianfeng Li, Chuyan Chen, Kunming Zhang, Wenle Shen, Zhiyun Gong, Gulinaer Bahetibieke, Lei Ren, Guohua Liang, Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00746-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00746-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are crucial components of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Research on clade A PP2Cs has focused more on their roles related to ABA signaling and stress responses than on the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects on plant growth and grain yield. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop worldwide. We previously determined that OsPP2C49, which encodes a rice clade A PP2C family member, negatively controls rice responses to drought, salt, and high-temperature stresses. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of OsPP2C49 on ABA responses and rice grain yield. By analyzing potential interactions with core ABA components, including pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory component of the ABA receptor (RCAR) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), we confirmed that OsPP2C49 is involved in the ABA signaling pathway. OsPP2C49 overexpression led to decreased ABA sensitivity and increased rice grain yield; the opposite phenotypes were observed in the ospp2c49 knockout mutants. Therefore, OsPP2C49 negatively regulates ABA responses, but positively modulates rice grain yield. Furthermore, we found that OsPP2C49 can interact with and dephosphorylate five OsSAPKs in vitro. Unlike OsPP2C49, these OsSAPKs positively modulate ABA responsiveness, but negatively affect rice yield. These findings indicate that OsPP2C49 may partially regulate ABA responses and rice grain production by dephosphorylating OsSAPKs. This study preliminarily explored the molecular basis of the regulatory effects of OsPP2C49 on rice plant growth and grain yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cyclin Gene OsCYCB1;5 Regulates Seed Callus Induction in Rice Revealed by Genome Wide Association Study.","authors":"Wenjing Song, Jian Zhang, Wenyu Lu, Siyi Liang, Hairong Cai, Yuanyuan Guo, Shiyi Chen, Jiafeng Wang, Tao Guo, Hong Liu, Dehua Rao","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00742-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00742-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant tissue culture is extensively employed in plant functional genomics research and crop genetic improvement breeding. The callus induction ability is critical for utilizing Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing 368 rice accessions to identify traits associated with callus induction rate (CIR), resulting in the identification of a total of 104 significant SNP loci. Integrated with gene function annotation and transcriptome analysis, 13 high-confidence candidate genes involved in auxin-related, CYC cyclins, and histone H3K9-specific methyltransferase were identified in significant loci. Furthermore, we also verified a candidate gene, Os05g0493500 (OsCycB1;5), and employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate OsCycB1;5 knockout mutants in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The OscycB1;5 mutant displays significantly reduced callus induction and proliferation capacity, this result indicating OsCycB1;5 is required for the callus formation in rice. Overall, this study provides several reliable loci and high-confidence candidate genes that may significantly affect callus formation in rice. This information will offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying callus formation not only in rice but also in other plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Involvement of the Metallothionein gene OsMT2b in Drought and Cadmium Ions Stress in Rice","authors":"Yanxin Chen, Ying He, Yibin Pan, Yunyi Wen, Lili Zhu, Jieer Gao, Weiting Chen, Dagang Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00740-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00740-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abiotic stress is one of the major factors restricting the production of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.). Developing rice varieties with dual abiotic stress tolerance is essential to ensure sustained rice production, which is necessary to illustrate the regulation mechanisms underlying dual stress tolerance. At present, only a few genes that regulate dual abiotic stress tolerance have been reported. In this study, we determined that the expression of <i>OsMT2b</i> was induced by both drought and Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress. After stress treatment, <i>OsMT2b</i>-overexpression lines exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and better physiological performance in terms of relative water content and electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type (WT). Further analysis indicated that ROS levels were lower in <i>OsMT2b</i>-overexpression lines than in WT following stress treatment, suggesting that <i>OsMT2b</i>-overexpression lines had a stronger ability to scavenge ROS under stress. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results demonstrated that under drought stress, <i>OsMT2b</i> influenced the expression of genes involved in ROS scavenging to enhance drought tolerance in rice. In addition, <i>OsMT2b</i>-overexpression plants displayed increased tolerance to Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress, and physiological assessment results were consistent with the observed phenotypic improvements. Thus, enhancing ROS scavenging ability through <i>OsMT2b</i> overexpression is a novel strategy to boost rice tolerance to both drought and Cd<sup>2+</sup> stress, offering a promising approach for developing rice germplasm with enhanced resistance to the abiotic stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ratio of A400/A1800 Mapping Identifies Chromosomal Regions Containing Known Photoprotection Recovery-Related Genes in Rice","authors":"Shoumik Saha, Nilanjan Sinha Mahapatra, Kriti Bhattacharya, Rimpa Kundu, K. Nimitha, Shamba Ganguly, Sebantee Ganguly, Tirthankar Biswas, Prabir K Bhattacharyya, Somnath Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00739-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00739-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rice, like other plants, undergoes photoprotection mode by increasing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in high light intensity (> 1200 µmol m<sup>− 2</sup>s<sup>− 1</sup> PPFD), which attenuates photosystem II yield (φPSII) drastically. The plant remains in photoprotection mode even after light intensity becomes not stressful for an extended period. While there are significant differences in the time it takes for photoprotection to recover among different genotypes, its use is limited in plant breeding because measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in progressive actinic light after dark adaptation takes more than forty-five minutes per genotype. The study finds that instantly measured A<sub>400</sub>/A<sub>1800</sub> ratio by five minutes in flag leaves of 25 diverse genotypes strongly associated with the φPSII<sub>400</sub> differences between theoretical and actual, qPd<sub>400</sub> and NPQ<sub>400</sub> with R<sup>2</sup> values 0.74, 0.65 and 0.60, respectively. In two consecutive years, GWAS of A<sub>400</sub>/A<sub>1800</sub> ratio identified the regions with genes reported earlier for plant photoprotection recovery. Additionally, QTL analysis in a RIL population also identified the regions carrying known genes related to photoprotection. Thus, the A<sub>400</sub>/A<sub>1800</sub> ratio can quickly phenotype many plants for easier introgression of the traits in popular cultivars. The identified genotypes, genes, and QTLs can be used to improve yield potential and allele mining.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"OsWRKY70 Plays Opposite Roles in Blast Resistance and Cold Stress Tolerance in Rice","authors":"Jiangdi Li, Yating Chen, Rui Zhang, Rujie Wang, Bin Wu, Haiwen Zhang, Guiqing Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00741-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00741-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transcription factor WRKYs play pivotal roles in the adapting to adverse environments in plants. Prior research has demonstrated the involvement of <i>OsWRKY70</i> in resistance against herbivores and its response to abiotic stress. Here, we reported the functional analysis of <i>OsWRKY70</i> in immunity against fungal diseases and cold tolerance. The results revealed that <i>OsWRKY70</i> was induced by various <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> strains. Knock out mutants of <i>OsWRKY70</i>, which were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, exhibited enhanced resistance to <i>M. oryzae</i>. This was consistent with fortifying the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst after inoculation in the mutants, elevated transcript levels of defense-responsive genes (<i>OsPR1b</i>, <i>OsPBZ1</i>, <i>OsPOX8.1</i> and <i>OsPOX22.3</i>) and the observation of the sluggish growth of invasive hyphae under fluorescence microscope. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validations demonstrated that differentially expressed genes were related to plant-pathogen interactions, hormone transduction and MAPK cascades. Notably, <i>OsbHLH6</i>, a key component of the JA signaling pathway, was down-regulated in the mutants compared to wild type plants. Further investigation confirmed that OsWRKY70 bound to the promoter of <i>OsbHLH6</i> by semi-in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Additionally, the loss-function of <i>OsWRKY70</i> impaired cold tolerance in rice. The enhanced susceptibility in the mutants characterized by excessive ROS production, elevated ion leakage rate and increased malondialdehyde content, as well as decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) under low temperature stress was, which might be attributed to down-regulation of cold-responsive genes (<i>OsLti6b</i> and <i>OsICE1</i>). In conclusion, our findings indicate that OsWRKY70 negatively contributes to blast resistance but positively regulates cold tolerance in rice, providing a strategy for crop breeding with tolerance to stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physiological Basis of Plant Growth Promotion in Rice by Rhizosphere and Endosphere Associated Streptomyces Isolates from India","authors":"Dhivya P. Thenappan, Rakesh Pandey, Alkesh Hada, Dinesh Kumar Jaiswal, Viswanathan Chinnusamy, Ramcharan Bhattacharya, Kannepalli Annapurna","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00732-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-024-00732-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study demonstrated the plant growth-promoting capabilities of native actinobacterial strains obtained from different regions of the rice plant, including the rhizosphere (FT1, FTSA2, FB2, and FH7) and endosphere (EB6). We delved into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these plant-microbe interactions by conducting a transcriptional analysis of a select group of key genes involved in phytohormone pathways. Through in vitro screening for various plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, all tested isolates exhibited positive traits for indole-3-acetic acid synthesis and siderophore production, with FT1 being the sole producer of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). All isolates were identified as members of the <i>Streptomyces</i> genus through 16S rRNA amplification. In pot culture experiments, rice seeds inoculated with strains FB2 and FTSA2 exhibited significant increases in shoot dry mass by 7% and 34%, respectively, and total biomass by 8% and 30%, respectively. All strains led to increased leaf nitrogen levels, with FTSA2 demonstrating the highest increase (4.3%). On the contrary, strains FB2 and FT1 increased root length, root weight ratio, root volume, and root surface area, leading to higher root nitrogen content. All isolates, except for FB2, enhanced total chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis supported these findings, revealing differential gene expression in auxin (<i>OsAUX1</i>,<i> OsIAA1</i>,<i> OsYUCCA1</i>,<i> OsYUCCA3</i>), gibberellin (<i>OsGID1</i>,<i> OsGA20ox-1</i>), and cytokinin (<i>OsIPT3</i>,<i> OsIPT5</i>) pathways in response to specific actinobacterial treatments. These actinobacterial strains, which enhance both aboveground and belowground crop characteristics, warrant further evaluation in field trials, either as individual strains or in consortia. This could lead to the development of commercial bioinoculants for use in integrated nutrient management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RicePub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00736-6
Lin Zhu, Yanjie Shen, Zhengyan Dai, Xuexia Miao, Zhenying Shi
{"title":"Gγ-protein GS3 Function in Tight Genetic Relation with OsmiR396/GS2 to Regulate Grain Size in Rice.","authors":"Lin Zhu, Yanjie Shen, Zhengyan Dai, Xuexia Miao, Zhenying Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12284-024-00736-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12284-024-00736-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manipulating grain size demonstrates great potential for yield promotion in cereals since it is tightly associated with grain weight. Several pathways modulating grain size have been elaborated in rice, but possible crosstalk between the ingredients is rarely studied. OsmiR396 negatively regulates grain size through targeting OsGRF4 (GS2) and OsGRF8, and proves to be multi-functioning. Here we showed that expression of GS3 gene, a Gγ-protein encoding gene, that negatively regulates grain size, was greatly down-regulated in the young embryos of MIM396, GRF8OE and GS2OE plants, indicating possible regulation of GS3 gene by OsmiR396/GRF module. Meanwhile, multiple biochemical assays proved possible transcriptional regulation of OsGRF4 and OsGRF8 proteins on GS3 gene. Further genetic relation analysis revealed tight genetic association between not only OsmiR396 and GS3 gene, but also GS2 and GS3 gene. Moreover, we revealed possible regulation of GS2 on four other grain size-regulating G protein encoding genes. Thus, the OsmiR396 pathway and the G protein pathway cross talks to regulate grain size. Therefore, we established a bridge linking the miRNA-transcription factors pathway and the G-protein signaling pathway that regulates grain size in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21408,"journal":{"name":"Rice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}